Proceedings of the 2Nd International Nanophotonics Symposium Handai

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NANOPLASMONICS

From Fundamentals to Applications

Proceedings of the 2nd International Nanophotonics Symposium Handai

July 26-28th 2004, Suita Campus of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Edited by

Satoshi Kawata and Hiroshi Masuhara

Department of Applied Physics

Osaka University

Suita, Osaka Japan

Dedicated to the late professor Osamu Nakamura

Osamu Nakamura

Professor of Applied Physics and Frontier Biosciences, March 23, 1962 to January 23, 2004, who has ever loved the optical science and microscopy. Osamu Nakamura made a great contribution to computed-tomography microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, super-resolved nano-imaging theory, near-infrared bio-medical spectroscopy, and many other related nano-scale photon science and technologies.He has served the international community by organizing international conferences, inviting international scientists and students to Osaka, and fostering international research collaborations. He published a number of papers in nanophotonics and biophotonics, for imaging analysis, diagnosis, and fabrication. Professor Nakamura visited the conference site of the Handai Nanophotonics Symposium II in July 2004 in his wheel chair and exchanged friendship with his old friends. In his funeral, hundreds of his friends and students came to farewell him. We all miss him, and wish he will guide us.

Preface

The second volume of the Handai Nanophotonics Book Series features "Nanoplasmonics," a recent hot topic in nanophotonics, impacting a diverse range of research disciplines from information technology and nanotechnology to bio- and medical sciences. The interaction between photons and metal nanostructures leads to interesting and extraordinary scientific phenomena and produces new functions for nanomaterials and devices. Newly discovered physical phenomena include local mode of surface plasmon polariton excited in nanoparticles, hot spots on nano-rods and nano-cones, long range mode of surface plasmons excited on thin metal films, and dispersion relationship bandgaps of surface plasmons in periodic metal structures. These have been applied to, for example, single molecule detection and nano-imaging/spectroscopy, photon accumulation for lasing applications, optical nano-waveguides and nano-circuits.

In July 2004, we had a two-day symposium with distinct scientists to discuss the latest progress in this exciting field. The second volume was co-authored by those participants. The book starts with a statement by John Pendry, the pioneer of nanoplasmonics. The first part, the theory of nanoplasmonics, includes four chapters written byShalaev, Martín-Morenoa, Fukui, and Takahara. The second part, plasmonic enhanced spectroscopy and molecular dynamics, is written by Watanabe, Futamata, Hayashi, Ishida, Kajikawa, Ozaki, and Asahi. In part 3, recent progress of plasmonic materials and devices are reviewed by Okamoto, Pileni, Yamada, Yoshikawa, Sun, and Ishihara. In addition, we had quite a few participants sharing the common interest in exciting nanophotonics science, although they were not able to contribute to this book.

We would like to thank all the contributors and participants to the Handai Nanophotonics Book Series and Handai Nanophotonics Symposium 2.

Satoshi Kawata and Hiroshi Masuhara

at Handai, Suita, Japan

Organization of

The International Nanophotonics Symposium Handai on

Plasmonics: from fundamentals to applications

Sponsored by

Nanotechnology Researchers Network Center of Japan

The Murata Science Foundation

Handai Frontier Research Center, Osaka University

Nanonet

The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has started Nanotechnology Support Project, the five year project, to strategically promote Japanese nanotechnology research collaborations among industry, academia, and government.

The major roles of Nanotechnology Support Project are (i) providing opportunities to use Ultra-HV TEM, Nano Foundries, Synchrotron Radiation, and Molecular Synthesis and Analysis through Japanese top institutions attending the project, and (ii) providing information on both Japanese and International nanotechnology research activities. To perform these activities smoothly, "Nanotechnology Researchers Network Center of Japan (Nanonet) was launched in 2002.

Chairpersons

Satoshi Kawata (Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University;

Nanophotonics Lab,RIKEN)

Hiroshi Masuhara (Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University)

Local Organizing Committee

Osamu Nakamura (Department of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University)

Takayuki Okamoto (Nanophotonics Lab, RIKEN)

Yasushi Inouye (Department of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University)

Tsuyoshi Asahi (Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University)

Hong-Bo Sun (Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University)

Katsumasa Fujita(Department of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University)

Satoru Shoji (Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University)

Taro Ichimura (Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University)

Introductory Remarks to the Handai Proceedings

Since the beginning of recorded history light has been both a subject of natural curiosity and a tool for investigation of otherphenomena. So closely is light linked to our understanding of the world that "I see" can mean the same as "I understand". Light brought the first information about the distant objects of our universe, and light revealed the first secrets of the microscopic world.

Yet in recent times, despite its continuing importance in our lives, there are signs that light is losing its grip on the frontiers of technology. To 'see' the very small we turn to the electron microscope, or the scanning tunneling microscope. These tools arecommonly deployed in the world of nanotechnology which is the focus of huge research investment and, through the semiconductor chip, has already revolutionised our lives. The photon with its scarcely sub-micron wavelength is a clumsy and myopic beast in this new world where the electron easily outclasses it in compactness. Electronics has very much led the field in the world of nanotechnology all the way from integrated circuits to quantum dots. Yet the photon's ability to move around so rapidly with minimal disruption of the medium is still prized: there is still work to be done by this ancient tool.

Here plasmonics steps into the limelight. A synthesis between light and the collective motion of electrons, the plasmon can move almost as quickly as light, but can also be gathered into incredibly small dimensions to challenge the electron itself in compactness. It naturally inhabits the world of nanotechnology. In this book we have articles by the leaders in this new field. As yet the commercial applications are relatively modest, but the promise is huge and the rich variety of topics represented shows just how much potential is waiting to be unlocked by our researchers.

J. B. Pendry

Imperial College London

July 2005

Participants List

Susumu ArugaSEIKO EPSON Corporation

Takahiro AsadaDepartmentof Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, School of Engineering Science, Osaka University

Tsuyoshi AsahiDepartmentof Applied Physics, Osaka University

Harry AtwaterThomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology

Kuo Pin ChiuDepartment of Physics, National Taiwan University

Tai Chi ChuDepartment of Physics, National Taiwan University

Xuan-Ming DuanTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)

Jing FengNanophotonics Laboratory, RIKEN

Ulrich FischerU.C. Fischer Physics Institute, University of Müenster

Yuan Hsing FuDepartment of Physics, National Taiwan University

Ayako FujiiDepartment of Human and Environmental Science, Kyoto Prefecture University

Akiko FujitaDepartment of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University

Katsumasa FujitaDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Masuo FukuiDepartment of Optical Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima

Masayuki FutamataNanoarchitectonics Research Center (NARC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

Kazuyoshi HakamataFDK Corporation

Keisaku HamadaDepartment of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University

Tomoya HaradaFDK Corporation

Kazuhiro HashimotoDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology,Kwansei-Gakuin University

Mamoru HashimotoDepartmentof Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, School of Engineering Science, Osaka University

Shinji HayashiDepartment of Electrical and Engineering,Kobe University

Norihiko HayazawaNanophotonics Laboratory, RIKEN

Taro IchimuraDepartment of Frontier Biosciences,Osaka University

Takashi IhamaDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Ryoichi ImanakaHandai FRC, Osaka University

Akio InoshitaTechno Search

Yasushi InouyeDepartment of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University

Akito IshidaDepartment of Human and Environmental Science, Kyoto Prefecture University

Teruya IshiharaExciton Engineering Laboratory, Frontier Research System, RIKEN

Hidekazu IshitobiHandai FRC, Osaka University

Syoji ItoDivision of Frontier Materials Science, OsakaUniversity

Masayuki ItoAISIN COSMOS R&D Corporation

Tamitake ItohDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology,Kwansei-Gakuin University

Takashi IwamotoShimadzu Corporation

Shigeki IwanagaDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Yuqiang JiangState Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University

Takamasa KaiDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Kotaro KajikawaInterdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Koshiro KanekoDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Yosuke KankiGraduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University

Jun-ichi KatoNanophotonics Laboratory, RIKEN

Kazuya KawaharaDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Kosuke KawaharaNEC Machinery Corporation

Satoshi KawataDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Ryoichi Kitahara Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Minoru KobayashiDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Maximilian KreiterMax-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung

Aaron LewisDepartment of Applied Physics and The Center for Neural Computation, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Xiangang LuoExciton Engineering Laboratory, Frontier Research System, RIKEN

Hiroshi MasuharaDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Ryota MatsuiDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Luis Martin MorenoDepartamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, ICMA-CSIC, University of Zaragoza

Yuji MorimotoDepartment of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College

Yu NabetaniDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Osamu NakamuraDepartmentof Frontier Biosciences,Osaka University

Toshihiro NakamuraDepartment of Electrical and Engineering,Kobe University

Sana NakanishiDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Takashi NakanoNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

Yasuro NiidomeDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University

Kimihiko NishiokaOlympus Corporation

Hiroshi NogeMatsushita Electric Works, Limited

Wataru NomuraDepartment of Electronics Engineering, The University of Tokyo

Toshihiko OchiEnplas Laboratories, Inc.

Isamu OhDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Keishi OhashiNEC Corporation

Takayuki OkamotoNanophotonics Laboratory, RIKEN

Kaoru OkamotoCanon Inc.

Kazunori OkihiraDepartment of Electrical and Engineering, Kobe University

Masatoshi OsawaCatalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University

Taisuke OtaDepartmentof Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University

Oskar PainterThomas J. Watson, Sr. Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology

John PendryThe Blackett Lab., Imperial College London

Marie-Paule PileniFaculty of Science, University P & M Curie

Yuika SaitoNanophotonics Laboratory, RIKEN

Suguru SanguRicoh Company, Limited

Akihiro SatoInterdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Vladimir M. ShalaevSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University

Akiyoshi ShibuyaZeon Corporation

Ayako ShinjoDepartment of Human and Environmental Science, Kyoto Prefecture University

Koichiro ShirotaNanophotonics Laboratory, RIKEN

Satoru ShojiDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Michel SliwaDepartment of Applied Physics, Osaka University

Nicholas SmithDepartmentof Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University

Takayoshi SuganumaEnplas Laboratories Inc.

Teruki SugiyamaDepartment of Applied Physics & Handai FRC, Osaka University

Yung Doug SuhKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology

Fumika SumiyamaDepartment of Information and Physical Sciences, Osaka University

Hong-Bo SunDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Qian SunCollege of Physics, Nankai University

Toru SuwaDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Takuji TadaDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Atsushi TaguchiDepartmentof Frontier Biosciences,Osaka University

Kenji TakadaDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Junichi TakaharaGraduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University

Kenji TakuboShimadzu Corporation

Mamoru TanabeDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Kazuo TanakaDepartment of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Gifu University

Hiroaki TanakaMurata Mfg Company Limited.

Yoshito TanakaDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Nao TerasakiPhotonics Research Institute, AIST

Ryo ToyotaDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Din Ping TsaiDepartmentof Physics, National Taiwan University

Tomoya UchiyamaDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Yasuo UedaSumitomo Titanium Corporation

Arvind VengurlekarFrontier Research System, RIKEN

Prabhat VermaDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Hiroyuki WatanabeDepartmentof Applied Physics,Osaka University

Tadaaki YabubayashiSumitomo Precision Products Company Limited

Sunao YamadaDepartment of Applied Chemistry,Kyushu University

Yoshimichi YamadaDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Kazuo YamamotoDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Peilin Perry YangDepartment of Physics, National Taiwan University

Takaaki YanoDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Ryohei YasukuniDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Hiroyuki YoshikawaDepartmentof Applied Physics,Osaka University

Yasuo YoshikawaDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology,Kwansei-Gakuin University

Masayuki YukiInternational Reagents Corporation

Kenichi YuyamaDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

Remo P. ZaccariaDepartment of Applied Physics,Osaka University

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July 26-28th, 2004

Icho-Kaikan in Suita Campus, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

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TABLE OF COTENTS

Prefacevi

Organization of the Symposiumvii

Introductory Remarks to the Handai Proceedingsviii

Participants Listix

Group Photograph of the Symposiumxiii

PART I: THEORY OF NANOPLASMONICS

Chapter 1: Magnetic plasmon resonance

A. K. Sarychev, G. Shvets, and V. M. Shalaev 3

Chapter 2: Theory of optical transmission through arrays of subwavelength

apertures

L. MartínMoreno, J. Bravo-Abad, F. López-Tejeira

and F.J. García-Vidal 15

Chapter 3: Linear and nonlinear optical response of concentric metallic

nanoshells

M. Fukui, T. Okamoto and M. Haraguchi 31

Chapter 4: Low-dimensional opticalwaveguides and wavenumber surface

J. Takaharaand T. Kobayashi 55

PART II: PLASMON ENHANCED SPECTROSCOPY AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS

Chapter 5: Specific Raman band shift caused by mechano-chemical effect

inenhanced near-field Raman Spectroscopy

H. Watanabe, N. Hayazawa, Y. Inouye, and S. Kawata81

Chapter 6: Single molecule sensitivity in surface enhanced Raman scattering

using surface plasmon

M. Futamata and Y. Maruyama101

Chapter 7: Enhanced Raman scattering mediated by metallic surface-particle

gap modes

S. Hayashi141

Chapter 8: Surface plasmon enhanced excitation of photofunctional molecules

in nanospace towards molecular plasmonics

A. Fujii and A. Ishida153

Chapter 9: Localized surface plasmon resonance enhanced second-harmonic

generation

K. Kajikawa, S. Abe, Y. Sotokawa, and K. Tsuboi185

Chapter 10: Localized surface plasmon resonance–coupled photo-induced

luminescence and surface enhanced Raman scattering from isolated

single Ag nano-aggregates

T. Itoh, K. Hashimoto, Y. Kikkawa, A. Ikehara, and Y. Ozaki

197

Chapter 11: Single particle spectroscopic study on surface plasmon resonance

of ion-adsorbed gold nanoparticles

T. Asahi and H. Masuhara219

PART III: MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR NANOPLASMONICS

Chapter 12: Enhancement of luminescence in plasmonic crystal devices

T. Okamoto, F. H’Dhili, J. Feng, J. Simonen, and S. Kawata

231

Chapter 13: Intrinsic properties due to self-organization of 5nm silver

nanocrystals

M. P. Pileni247

Chapter 14: Gold nanorods: preparation, characterization, and applications to

sensing and photonics

S. Yamada and Y. Niidome255

Chapter 15: Optical trapping and assembling of nanoparticles

H. Yoshikawa, C. Hosokawa, and H. Masuhara275

Chapter 16: Femtosecond laser fabrication of three-dimensional metallic

micro-nanostructures

H.-B. Sun, K. Kaneko, X.-M. Duan, and S. Kawata289

Chapter 17: Nanophotolithography based on surface plasmon interference

T. Ishihara and X. Luo305

Author index313

Subject index315