Priority Traffic Controlling System

Aditya V. Sharma Dr. Aradhana Sharma

SRM University, Chennai. Gov. Bilasa Girls P.G College,Bilaspur

Abstract—the main objective of this project is to control the traffic lights based on the density of the vehicle. If the traffic density is high on particular side then more priority is given for that side. The sensors continuously keep sensing density on all sides and the green signal is given to the side on priority basis, where the sensors detect high density or an ambulance or a fire truck. The side with next priority level follows the first priority level.The setup can be deployed at a crossing or a junction where all the roads are provided with an array of sensors which are centrally connected to a microcontroller which will in turn control the traffic lights and control the signals based on the inputs.

Keywords-microcontroller, power supply,sensors,motes

I. INTRODUCTION

Traffic on the roads is increasing day by day as the lifestyle of people is now advancing. The current system of traffic controlling is not very efficient in handling the ever increasing growth of the vehicles that’s why a newer improved version of traffic controlling is required which is intelligent and is dynamic and modifies itself with changing situations

II. DESIGN

The proposed system involves sensor networks which are made of three basic components. 1. The Sensor nodes or Motes, 2. Power sourceand 3.Central processing unit Microcontroller

  1. Microcontroller

An 8051 will be deployed in the current system which will take the input from the various motes or sensor nodes and will give the time delay at the timer. It will give the time delay based on the density of the traffic on the particular side and will give priority on that basis. The first and primary responsibility of a Mote is to collect information through a predefine protocol from the various distributed sensors in any junction and to transmit the collected data or information to the central microcontroller for processing. Any type of sensor can be use with these Motes based on the requirement of the Traffic Control system

signal RS (Resister Select), R/W (Read/Write) and E (Enable) is used to display the outputs and status messages for the user. Port P0 is used to provide data to LCD to display as character.

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  1. Sensor

An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument that is used to sense certain characteristics of its surroundings by either emitting and/or detecting infrared radiation. It is also capable of measuring heat of an object and detecting motion. Infrared waves are not visible to the human eye.In the electromagnetic spectrum, infrared radiation is the region having wavelengths longer than visible light wavelengths, but shorter than microwaves. The infrared region is approximately demarcated from 0.75 to 1000µm. The wavelength region from 0.75 to 3µm is termed as near infrared, the region from 3 to 6µm is termed mid-infrared, and the region higher than 6µm is termed as far infrared.For example, TV has an IR detector for interpreting the signal from the remote control. Key benefits of infrared sensors include low power requirements, simple circuitry, and their portable feature.

Microcontroller receives the 11.0592MHz from the crystal oscillator at XTAL1 and XTAL2 pin. Reset switch connected at pin 9 of micro- controller provide manual reset of the microcontroller. Pull- up network resistances of 10K are provide at each port to properly differentiate between high and low TTL signal. LCD connected with its three control

Types of Infra-Red Sensors

Infra-red sensors are broadly classified into two types:

  • Thermal infrared sensors– These use infrared energy as heat. Their photo sensitivity is independent of wavelength. Thermal detectors do not require cooling; however, they have slow response times and low detection capability.
  • Quantum infrared sensors– These provide higher detection performance and faster response speed. Their photo sensitivity is dependent on wavelength. Quantum detectors have to be cooled so as to obtain accurate measurements. The only exception is for detectors that are used in the near infrared region.

A-Signal Indicator

B- IR Transmitter

C-IR Receiver

D-Preset

E-Vcc+

F-GND

G-Output Signal

When there is no object infront of IR sensor, the output is low and hence led is off. Therefore no signal is transferred from the sensor to the microcontroller.

  1. Power Supply

Apower supplyis an electronic device that supplieselectric energyto anelectrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to aselectric power converters. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices along with their loads.

The sensor node consumes power for sensing, communicating and data processing. More energy is required for data communication than any other process. Power is stored either in batteries or capacitors batteries and may be either rechargeable or non-rechargeable, are the main source of power supply for sensor nodes. Current sensors are able to renew their energy from solar sources, temperature differences, or vibration. As per the power requirement of the hardware of the intelligent traffic light control and monitoring system, supply of +5V w.r.t GND is developed as shown

It comprise of 0V to 9V transformer to step down the 220V AC supply to 9V AC. Further a bridge rectifier converts the 9V into 9V√2 DC. It is further filtered through a capacitor and then regulated using 7805 to get +5V. To isolate the output voltage of +5V from noise further filtering 220uF capacitor is done.

III.IMPLEMENTATION

In this system we will place an array of IR sensors on each lane of the road which will detect the density of the traffic on each lane of the crossroad. The priority would be given to the lane having the more density of vehicles.Consider 4 levels of sensor Ax, Bx, Cx and Dx with Ax having highest priority and X representing roads 1 to 4.Here we are not taking into account the middle road, the sensor arrays are applied only in the right hand side of each lane and the left hand side is left for free movement. Each sensor transmits the status periodically to the controller. Controller receives the signals and priorities are compared. If suppose road 3 has higher density than 1 and 3, and 4 road has the least priority then time is increased for lane 4 to cross the road and then it goes to road 1 then 3 and then 4. Once all the 4 lanes have been given a chance to pass then the clocks of all the four lanes will be set again to start new priority comparison because it might happen that if a lane has very low traffic then it might never even get a chance to cross the road.The salient features of the whole algorithm would be:-

  1. Once a road is given green, its waiting time is reset and its sensor status is neglected for that time slot
  1. If multiple roads have Traffic till Ax, the road waiting for the longest duration is given the green
  2. If Traffic in right lane, green is given for right and based on traffic, left side neighbour is given for straight or opposite is given green right.
  3. Similar smart decisions are incorporated in the signal based on traffic density and directional traffic can be controlled. In this section, the traffic light control algorithms presented earlier for single inter section are extended to work on multiple intersections to coordinate their operations and to smooth the traffic flow.

IV. FUTURE SCOPE AND DEVELOPMENT

This project has many scopes of development still left in it which can be implemented to make this system more effective and useful for the masses.

  1. The whole data can be stored in a server which can be put on the internet. This will help in monitoring the traffic more efficiently. The end user would have detailed information about the traffic and can make more informed choices
  2. We are giving a separate power supply for the system to work for the whole we can also give alternate supply by using a solar panel. This would make the system more efficient as solar energy is readily available at the junction of the road.
  3. The model system we proposed here uses a wired network for the whole communication we can use a wireless network like a ZigBee to send the delay signals to the traffic signals.
  4. Also high priority vehicles like ambulances, fire trucks can be fitted with a RFID chip which on interacting with the sensor will give a green signal to it.
  5. This system we have deployed is for a four way junction road it can be used for multilane roads with more than four junction by using a suitable algorithm.
  6. The traffic of the whole city could be mapped and the traffic could be automated by processing the data on the central server then a smoother flow of the traffic could be obtained.

V. LIMITATIONS

This project though would create limitless possibilities of obtaining a smoother traffic control but it does not take into account the role of pedestrians involved in the whole system. It can take into account all type of vehicles coming in forward to itnot just the vehicles. So discrepancies can be created in a situation like this so this system should be implemented only in those areas where the role of pedestrians is very minimal

Since we are using IR sensors here so all the type of objects emit some amount infrared radiation so it can be a hindrance in the working of the detection by the sensors.

V.CONCLUSION

The above proposed System for Automated Intelligent Traffic Control system routing is advantageous to many existing systems in this heavy population of vehicles. The improvement of town traffic condition is largely dependent on the modern ways of traffic management and control. Advanced traffic signal controllers and control system contribute to the improvement of the traffic problem. The intelligent of traffic signal controller is introduced in this project with powerful functions and hardware interface. This project has two major phases. The first stage is to design a program, which consists of reading, research, planning and designing a program. Design a traffic light using the state machine is very difficult compare to design using the logic gates. After that, second phase is to continue with the hardware implementation using the gate logic and the interface light is using LED. It is also cost inexpensive and does not require any system in the vehicles making it more practical than existing system with great results. It is observed that the proposed Intelligent Traffic Light Controller is more efficient than the conventional controller in respect of less waiting time, more distance traveled by average vehicles and efficient operation during emergency mode. Moreover, the designed system has simple architecture, fast response time, and scope for further expansion.

References

  • “Automatic Traffic Control System”. SMEU Astana SolutionsAutomatic Traffic Control System.htm
  • P89V51RD2 specification sheet. “Microcontroller with 64K Bytes Flash Memory”. [Online] Available
  • Muhammad Ridwan. „Development of a Low Cost Smart Traffic Controller System”. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment University Kebang- saan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia
  • Intelligent Traffic Light And Density Control Using Ir Sensors And Microcontroller-Ms Promila Sinhmar, Rawal Institute of Engineering And Technology Zakopur, Faridabad
  • Smart Traffic Control System Using Plc And Scada-Mohit Dev Srivastava, EEE department of Galgotia university , Greater Noida
  • Azura Che Soh/Lai Guan Rhung “MATLAB Simulation of Fuzzy Traffic Controller for Multilane Isolated Intersection”