PreIP ½ Major Grade Safety, Measurement, Chemistry Review and Water Structure/Properties Study Guide 2013-14

  1. An atom become an ion when it ______.
  2. All atoms of a type of element contain the same number of ______.
  3. The nucleus of an atom contains the ______and ______, and is ______charged.
  4. The electrons of an atom are located ______and are______charged.
  5. A(n) ______bond forms when 2 atoms reach stability (a filled outer energy level) by sharing an electron pair.
  6. A(n) ______bond forms when one atom ______and another atom ______, resulting in 2 ions each with a filled energy level . The bond is rally an attraction between ______.
  7. Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than the bonds described in 5 and 6, and are present between certain ______.
  8. Within one water molecule, H and O atoms are bonded with ______bonds.
  9. In fact, any group of covalently bonded atoms is called a ______.
  10. A compound is a substance that contains at least two different ______.
  11. A molecule must contain at least two ______, but they can be of the same ______.
  12. One water molecule is attracted to another water molecule by a ______bond.
  13. Draw a water molecule to show the atoms, the partial charges and the bonds within it.
  14. Draw 2 water molecules and correctly show the intramolecular bonding.
  15. The major property of water that is a direct result of its polarity is ______. Explain what this means.
  16. Since high numbers of hydrogen bonds in liquid water must be broken for water to vaporize, water has a property known as ______.
  17. The large number s of hydrogen bonds that exist in liquid water also result in a large amount of energy that is needed to break enough bonds to allow water molecules to mover faster past each other. If water molecule move faster, their ______increases. The energy to make this happen is called the ______of water, and it is a relatively high value.
  18. Sweating allows for evaporative cooling. Explain how sweating allows for the body to” cool of”f.
  19. How is hydrogen bonding in ice different than in liquid water?
  20. How does this (In #18) impact the structure of ice? The density of ice?
  21. Compare cohesion and adhesion. (How are they alike and different? )
  22. Write the correct symbol for an atom of potassium with a mass number of 40.
  23. Explain the role of adhesion in meniscus formation.
  24. Explain the role of cohesion in meniscus formation.
  25. In the metric system, the base unit for mass is ______, and the tool used to mass an object is the ______.
  26. In the metric system, the base unit for volume is ______, and the tool you used oin alb to find the volume of a liquid was a ______.
  27. Describe the correct method for heating a substance with a Bunsen burner.
  28. A substance that can decompose or react with lab materials or skin tissue is said to be ______. The safety symbol used to denote containers of these substances would be ______.
  29. A substance that may stimulate cancer or tumor formation in an organism is said to be ______.
  30. Write symbols that are used to show the presence in the lab of
  1. a radioactive material
  2. A container that has pathogenic bacteria, viruses or fungi
  3. The use of open flames
  4. Sharp objects
  5. Living organisms
  6. Conditions that require goggles
  1. What does MSDS mean, and what types of information do they contain?
  2. What specific conditions in a lab require goggle use?
  3. Read over the other safety rules!
  4. For each example below, correctly write the measurement shown, estimating one significant digit.