Pre-AP – 3rd Quarter EOQ Exam REVIEW

Student: ______

Introduction to Biology

  1. Distinguish among the following:

independent variable and dependent variable

control set-up and constant

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Cells: Structure & Function

Distinguish among the following terms:

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active transport

diffusion

osmosis

passive transport

phagocytosis

pinocytosis

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  1. Illustrate the terms hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic using the beakers and cells shown below. Explain what you would expect to happen if the cell membrane is semipermeable (selectively permeable).

Biochemistry

  1. What does organic mean? Is water organic or inorganic? ______
  1. What are the four types of organic compounds?
  1. Identify the monomer for the polymer:

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carbohydrate - ______

nucleic acid - ______

starch - ______

protein - ______

DNA - ______

glycogen - ______

RNA - ______

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DNA

  1. Review the process of gene expression:

What are the two parts or processes involved in gene expression?

Where in the cell do they occur?

What is the role of each molecule involved?

What is the product of each part of the process?

  1. DNA replication – tell step by step how it happens
  1. List the 5 nitrogenous bases found in nucleic acids. Identify the one unique to RNA by circling its name. Show how the bases pair. Which ones are pyrimidines and which are purines?
  1. Create a table comparing/contrasting DNA and RNA.

Biotechnology

  1. Electrophoresis-

What is it?

What is it used for?

Cell Cycle

  1. Below is a somatic cell in interphase about to undergo mitosis. First, draw an arrow and label it with the name of the process that must occur before mitosis, then draw and label a cell in each stage of mitosis. Be sure you show the correct number of chromosomes at each stage as well as the correct number of cells at the end of the process.
  1. What kind of cells are produced by mitosis? Circle the words that apply.

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asexual

diploid

gamete

haploid

identical

sexual

somatic

unique

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  1. What are the purposes for mitosis?
  1. When control of the cell cycle is lost, what results?
  1. Which words in the list in question 2 apply to meiosis?
  1. What is the purpose of meiosis? To make ______
  1. If a leaf cell of a poplar tree has 36 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would you expect to find in a sperm cell in a grain of pollen?
  1. If a sea urchin has 14 chromosomes in an ovum, how many will it have in an epidermal cell?

Genetics

  1. If traits are passed down from parent to offspring through gametes formed during meiosis, how are mutations passed down?

Viruses

  1. The two parts to all viruses are ______(DNA or RNA) and the ______(protein coat).
  1. How are viruses similar to cells?
  1. How are viruses different from cells (and therefore considered nonliving)?
  1. How do viruses get inside cells (multiple ways)?
  1. Compare and contrast the structure of a retrovirus with that of other viruses.
  1. Can you treat a viral infection with antibiotics? ______Explain.
  1. What is a virus that infects bacteria called? ______What is its shape? ______

Ecology

  1. In an ecosystem, energy ______but nutrients are ______
  1. All energy ultimately comes from the ______
  1. Why is a food web more stable and common than a food chain?

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  1. What is the role of a decomposer. What kingdom are the 2 principle decomposers found in?

5. Identify and explain the 3 basic forms of symbiosis. Give an example of each, identifying the host and the effect of its symbiotic partner on the host.

6. What is acid precipitation and how does it impact living systems?

Evolution: Natural Selection

  1. Study the phylogenetic tree shown below.

Which group of vertebrates did the amphibians most recently share a common ancestor with? ______

Are insects more closely related to arachnids or to mollusks? ______How do you know?

Does a phylogenetic tree represent divergent or convergent evolution? ______Explain.

Does a phylogenetic tree reflect analogous relationships or homologous relationships? ______Explain.

2. Differentiate between homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures and give an example for each.

3. Define evolution.

4. Natural selection is also known as ______.

5. Describe relative dating in terms of rock layers and fossils.

Kingdoms and Classification/ Taxonomy

  1. CORRECTLY write the scientific name of the bacteria lives in our intestines and has a mutualistic relationship with us.
  1. If 2 organisms are in the same order, they must be in the same ______, but do NOT have to be in the same ______, and will differ in family, genus, and species.
  1. Two different organisms can NEVER have the same ______

4.. The science of naming and classifying organisms is called ______.

5. Linnaeus’s two-word system for naming organisms is called ______.

6. The basic biological unit in the Linnaean system of biological classification is ______.

7. A(n) ______is a taxonomic category containing similar species.

8. The unique two-part name for a species is called a scientific name. The first word is the ______and the second part is the ______. The first letter of the genus name is always ______and the first letter of the second part is always ______. Scientific names are always underlined or ______.

Study the flow chart below and use it to help you classify 3 organisms of your choice.

Nucleus?

ProkaryoteEukaryote

Peptidoglycan?

Cell walls?

EubacteriaArchaebacteria

Fungi or Plantae Animalia

Protista

Chitin?

Fungi cellulose?

Plants

9. Determine the correct order of the categories from largest (most general) to smallest (most specific). Number the largest 1, smallest 8.

_____ phylum_____ class_____ species_____ family

_____ order_____ kingdom_____ genus_____ domain

10.What is a dichotomous key and how is it used?

11. You will need to study your kingdom chart that we have completed in class.

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