Periodic Table: Atoms, Classification and Representation

Name: ______

Periodic Table: Atoms, Classification and Representation

Review: The Atom

•What is an atom?

•Definition: An atom is the ______particle of ______. It cannot be ______

•What are the parts of an atom?

•In the nucleus: ______

•Outside of the nucleus: ______

•Protons have a ______charge, neutrons have ______, and electrons have a ______charge

The Rutherford-Bohr Atomic Model

•Named after two scientists: Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr

•Rutherford: Discovered that most of the atom is ______and contains a very small but dense ______

•Bohr: Electrons surround the nucleus in ______(pathways) but can move from ______

•Definition: A representation of the atom as a very small ______made up of ______, surrounded by ______moving in defined orbits

Representing Atoms (Rutherford-Bohr)

•To keep things simple, protons and neutrons are represented as ______in the center (the nucleus)

•Electrons are arranged on ______(also called shells or valences) around the nucleus

•Each orbits has a MAXIMUM ______it can support

•The number of ______are EQUAL and we know this number as the ______

How Many Electrons?

•For the first 20 elements:

•1st orbit = ______electrons

•2nd orbit = ______electrons

•3rd orbit = ______electrons BUT after ______electrons the 4th begins to fill too…

•Examples:

•Helium: Atomic Number = ______

•Aluminum: Atomic Number = ______

•Calcium: Atomic Number = ______

Representing Atoms (Lewis Notation)

•A simplified representation of the atom

•Only ______are shown

•Valance Electrons: the electrons located ______from the ______

The Periodic Classification of the Elements The Periodic Table

•Periodic Classification: A way to ______the elements according to ______

•Periodic Table of Elements: a ______of the elements in groups according to their physical and chemical ______

Review: Physical vs Chemical Properties

•Physical Property: A property that can be ______without ______the make-up of the ______of the object (ex: colour, odor, texture, density, melting point, boiling point)

•Chemical Property: Cannot be determined by simply ______the object; only becomes evident during a ______(ex: reactivity with other chemicals, flammability, heat of combustion)

How the Periodic Table is Divided/Organized

•Each element has its own box/square

•For each element:

•Symbol of the Element: This is ______(same for all languages)

•Atomic Number: always located at the ______

•Atomic Mass: always located at the ______

•Name of the Element: Written in the language of the document

First Major Division: Metals, Non-Metals & Metalloids

•All the elements can be placed into these three categories

•The “______” helps locate and identify the categories

Metals

•Location: To the ______of the staircase

•Properties:

•Conduct ______well

•______(can stretch)

•______(can bend)

•Usually ______

•______at room temperature EXCEPT for ______(liquid)

Non-Metals

•Location: To the ______of the staircase EXCEPT for ______

•Properties:

•______of heat and electricity

•Many are ______at room temperature

Metalloids

•Location: Found ______the “staircase”

•Properties:

•Only ______in total (Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellerium, Astatine)

•Have some properties of ______AND some of ______

•______are very good ______, others are ______– used as semiconductors in circuits and lasers

Groups of the Periodic Table

•All the elements found in one ______(going up and down) belong to a ______

•All elements in a group have:

•______chemical properties

•The same number of ______

•______are labeled using ______(1 = I, 2 = II) and either A or B

•“A” = main elements (biggest columns)

•“B” = transition elements (short columns)

•Roman numeral = number of valence electrons

Alkali Metals

Location: The ______on the ______of the periodic table (except Hydrogen)

Properties:

•______

•______

reactive metals

Alkali Earth Metal

Location: The ______on the periodic table

Properties:

•Highly ______

(soft)

•______

•______easily in the

presence of ______

Halogens

Location: The ______column on the periodic table

Properties:

•______

•React easily to form ______

•Commonly form ______

Nobel Gases (Inert Gases)

Location: The ______column of the periodic table (on the ______)

Properties:

•Very ______, do not ______well

•Commonly found in ______

The Periods of the Periodic Table

•Elements found in each ______(going across) have the same number of ______around the nucleus

•The period number corresponds to the number of ______