Period 1 Part 2 Reading Questions

Period 1 Part 2 Reading Questions –

Visual Questions from the Textbook-

1. p.11- What “tool” are the Native Americans using in this engraving to affect their environment?

2. p.13 – on the map…Which country dominates the exploration of Africa in the 1400’s (15th century)?

- Which two (2) Italian city-states shown on the map dominate the Asian trade by the 1400’s along with the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire?

3. Chart p.15- What is the title of the chart?

- Copy ALL details of the chart here:

5. Gold Box Quote p.16 - Who is speaking?

- His Occupation

- Name of his book?

- Why did he write the book?

- Copy the 1st 9 words of his quote? To what is he referring to by this quote?

6. Map p. 17- Shows many Spanish Conquests…

- in Yellow—Who? When? Where?

- In Green—Who? When? Where?

- In Purple—Who? When? Where?

- In Black -- Who? When? Where?

- In Red—Who? When? Where?

7. pp. 18-19 – Gold Pages, “The Spanish Conquistador.”

- Who do the Spanish defeat in the “Reconquista?”

- From 1519 – 1540 Spanish Conquistadores swept across the Americas in two (2) wide arcs… (a.) ______- ______- ______

(b.) ______- ______

- By the mid 1500’s New Spain reached from ______to ______?

- Who besides the Spanish Government supplied $$$ to pay for these conquests?

- How in the end do Conquistadores achieve immortality? In Paraguay? A New Race, called?

8. Map p. 22 –

-Who led the expedition into New Mexico in 1598 is in purple?

- What do the many Red Dots in the West represent? Over what time period?

- There is one lone dot in the east…Where? When?

{Reading Questions pp. 10-23}

1. Who were the 1st Euros to land in North America around 1000 A.D.? Where?

2. What spice do the crusaders bring back to Europe that is especially favored and “would have momentous implications for World History?

3. Whose book of tales, after 1295, would increase Europe’s desire for Asian goods and adventure?

4. Which nation begins to attempt to overcome the Italian city-states and the Muslim stranglehold on trade goods from Asia beginning in the 1400’s by exploring Africa?

5. What product does the nation above begin to grow on newly captured islands in the Atlantic Ocean?

6. An enormous amount of labor is required to grow the crop mentioned above… How do they solve this problem?

7. The long-term significance of their solution to the above problem is that this “system” is eventually exported to the New World and eventually even to America…and the consequences for World History is enormous… What “System?”

8. Which is the next nation to enter the competition to acquire Asian products by attempting to sail west to go east?

9. What two (2) things occur in the country above BEFORE conditions are right to enter the competition?

10. On which islands does CC’s 1st voyage land in 1492?

11. Why is CC considered the most successful failure in History?

12. What NEW WORLD plants/crops “revolutionized” the international economy and the European diet leading to rapid European population growth and “was the most important gift of the New World to the Old World?” (clue: 5 plants/crops)

13. Why are the same foodstuffs going to Africa significant?

14. CC’s 2nd Voyage gives us clues as to the intentions of the Spanish in the New World… it included 17 ships (not 3 like the 1st), scores of settlers, priests, conquistadores, food, and supplies…. It also carried with them THREE DOMESTICATED ANIMALS WHOSE PRESENCE WOULD TRANSFORM THE NEW WORLD…..WHAT THREE (3)? {note…the only large mammal in the new world at this time was the Llama J )

15. Another “traveler” with the Euro’s became the deadliest by far….What was the deadliest killer of Native Americans---name two (2) examples?

16. As a result of warfare, disease, overwork, & various atrocities committed and/or brought by the Spanish to the New World….What % of Native Americans die after the 1st 100 years of Spanish settlement?

17. What was the ONLY disease brought to the Old World from the New World?

18. Many Natives found it difficult to understand the massive death of their people when the Europeans were not affected…and attempted to infect the Spanish by putting what into their food?

19. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) ---

20. What are the 3 G’s that motivated Spanish explorers and Conquistadores?

21. Pissarro’s conquest of the Inca’s in the Peruvian-Bolivian Highlands and the Spanish’s subsequent mining of Silver there combined with the massive amounts of Gold from Cortez’s conquest of the Aztecs and elsewhere… led to by 1600 in Europe a “price revolution,” which increased consumer costs by WHAT %?

- This transformation of Europe’s economy is also seen as marking the end of FEUDALISM and the beginning of which new economic system, which by 1800 has transformed the entire world economy?

- This transformation and huge influx of “specie” (gold & silver) also begins the modern commercial ______system…which is the key “tool” of the above new economic system.

22. Due to the enormous need for labor a system is put into place in New Spain which rewards landholders with the labor of natives, as slaves… for whatever jobs they need…farming, building, mining, etc… in return for the natives labor, the landholder was supposed to convert the natives to Christianity…This very significant new system is called what?

23. How does the Dominican Priest, once a landholder himself (he voluntarily returned his landholdings), describe the system (six words)?

24. What modern day city stands today where once the great Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, once stood?

25. Besides Conquest & Death…What else, according to the text, do the Spanish bring to the New World? (6 things)

26. What is the new race created by the intermarriage of the Spanish and the Native Americans?

27. What two (2) cities in New Spain created Universities by 1551, 85 years before Harvard, the 1st University established in the English Colonies?

28. COMPETITION BEGINS…

The English send whom in 1497 & 1498?

The French send two (2) …whom in 1524?

---whom in 1534?

29 To Block other nations from encroaching on their New World territory…Spain began to fortify, settle, and to Christianize its BORDERLANDS IN NORTH AMERICA….

- In Florida, 1565, they permanently settle which city? Why is this significant in American History?

- In the Rio Grande Valley in 1598, 85 wagons were led by whom?

What do they call this area?

What city is established in 1610?

What is the name of the battle they fight in 1598, with whom, and what punishment do the Spanish inflict on the survivors who opposed them?

In 1680…What is the name of the battle started and won by the Native Americans against the Spanish…a rarity in New World history?

How long before the Spanish returned to this area after their loss?

In the Mississippi Area, the French send an explorer down the Miss. River in 1680, who claims the whole area for France and names it Louisiana after his king…Who is the French Explorer?

- In response to the French threat to the Spanish Borderlands… The Spanish begin to settler where? When? City name? Mission name?

- In California in 1769 a series of “missions” are established by a Spanish Priest, WHO?

- The 1st is built in what city?

- A total of 21 Missions are built…the most northern being where?

30. How does the textbook define the “Black Legend,” which it calls a “false concept?”

31. The historians who wrote this textbook attempt to minimize the atrocities of the Spanish by claiming that the construction of a MASSIVE EMPIRE…from ______and______to ______to______minimizes the affect of the atrocities.

32. Continuing to minimize the affect of the Spanish… they salute the Spanish contributions or “grafting” to the Natives Culture of their ______, ______, ______, and______.

33. Continuing to minimize the Spanish atrocities…the historians who wrote the textbook calls the Spanish “genuine ______& ______in the new world.

34 Continuing to minimize the Spanish, this time the historians who wrote the textbook use comparison to the Anglo-Saxons (The English)….and state that, “the Spanish Empire was ______and ______...

35 Lastly, the historians who wrote the textbook claim that the Spanish gave the Native Americans they conquered, “The high honor” of…. WHAT? (MAKING THEM BETTER THAN THE ENGLISH)

*** 36: What do you think of the historians claims made in questions 30 -35… What evidence from our textbook would contradict their “opinion” …given at the end of the chapter and in questions 30 -35? (give two pieces and one sentence explaining your position)