Pedestrian Facilities and Transit

Slide 1

Breakout Session #4.5

–Working Together

Linda Osiecki and Joe Ellis
Leadership Network

[Image: people on a side walk, a person in a wheel chair and a man with a suitcase waiting to get on the bus]

Slide 2

ADA Trainer Network Modules 1a, 1b

A Snapshot of the ADA

[Images: Cornell University logo, ADA logo]

Slide 3

Information, materials, and/or technical assistance are intended solely as informal guidance, and are neither a determination of your legal rights or responsibilities under the ADA, nor binding on any agency with enforcement responsibility under ADA.

The Mid-Atlantic ADA Center is authorized by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) to provide information, materials, and technical assistance to individuals and entities that are covered by the ADA. The contents of this document were developed under grant from the Department of Education, NIDRR grant number H133 A110020. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by Federal Government.

Slide 4

In summary: Legislative timeline

1964—Civil Rights Act (did not include disability)

1968—Architectural Barriers Act (ABA)

1973—Rehabilitation Act

1975—Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA)

1976—Higher Education Act Amendment (to include students with disabilities)

1986—Air Carrier Access Act

1988—Fair Housing Amendments Act

1990—Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

2008—ADA Amendments Act signed into law

[Image of a gold weight measuring scale]

Slide 5

Access Board: PROW Guidelines Timeline

1990—Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

1991—ADAAG –buildings and sites

2001—PROW Access Advisory Committee Report

2002—draft PROWAG

2005—draft PROWAG

2008—ADA Amendments Act signed into law

2011—draft PROWAG

2013—PROW Shared Use Path Supplement

2015—PROWAG submitted to OMB for final regulatory assessment

[Image: people in wheelchairs are lined up on the sidewalk; another group of people are walking next to them]

Slide 6

Research and Guidelines Still Needed

intersectionaccess.org

NCHRP 834

NCHRP 222

CAIT Detour to the Right Place

Technology
Transportation Layouts

-Bike slip lanes

-Crossings for Pedestrians with Vision Impairments

Pedestrians/Transit Riders with Intellectual Disabilities
Pedestrians/Transit Riders with Autism

[Image: photo of a trail with a pedestrian crossing sign]

Slide 7

AASHTO Green Book

2011 –6thedition

2004 -5thedition

2001 -4thedition

1954, 1956, 1957, 1965,

1967, 1969, 1973, 1984,

1990, 1991, 1994

[Image: cover of the book A policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 2011 6th Edition”

Slide 8

MUTCD

Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

2009

2003

2000

1988

1978

1971

1961

1948

1942

1935

[Images: three different covers of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices]

Slide 9

Transportation Research Board (TRB) Annual Meeting

2017 = 96thAnnual Meeting

[Image: two men standing behind an image that says Mythbusters in grey and orange]

Slide 10

A Snapshot: The Spirit of the ADA

Discrimination

Barriers

“The ADA is the civil rights act of the future. “Justin Dart, Jr., A founder of the ADA

“…The world’s first comprehensive declaration of equality for people with disabilities.”

President George Bush, upon signing the ADA into law on July 26, 1990

[Image: Former President George Bush signing the ADA into law]

Slide 11

The ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA):

An Act of Congress that amended the ADA of 1990

Signed into law January 1, 2009

Regulations posted June, 2011*

[Image: members of congressing outside addressing a crowd]

Slide 12

Growing Awareness 27 & Counting!!

[Images: words in red and blue that say ADA/ 25 Disability Rights are Civil Rights. A group of people standing in front of a bus that says The Road to Freedom]

Slide 13

Enforcement

[Image: a guard and two men behind bars in a cell, the photo is in black and white]

Slide 14

ADA National Network

Module 5a

People with Disabilities:

America’s Largest Minority

Slide 15

1 in 5 Americans has a disability (Brault, 2008)
This population is growing due to aging, war-related injuries, and better identification and treatments
Public entities have a responsibility to ensure their buildings and programs are accessible (i.e. physically, programmatically, web, etc.)
Private businesses must also ensure access to their offerings
People with different disabilities have different needs to consider when designing facilities, implementing programs, and providing services

Slide 16

15–24 Years 10.4% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. Five figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 17

25–44 Years 11.4% Brault 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. Six figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 18

45–54 Years 19.4% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. 10 figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 19

55–64 Years 30.1% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. 13 figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 20

65–69 Years 37.4% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. 20 figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 21

70–74 Years 43.8% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. 24 figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 22

75–79 Years 55.9% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. 27 figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 23

ADA Trainer Network

Module 2e

Everyone is Different:

A Review of Types of Disabilities

Slide 24

About Specific Disabilities

Neurological disabilities
Physical and Mobility disabilities
Speech disabilities
Learning disabilities
Psychiatric disabilities
Hearing disabilities
Visual disabilities
Intellectual disabilities

Slide 25

The Market Case for Accessible Meetings, Events and Conferences

Various Types of Disabilities

[Image: outline of people with several types of disabilities]

Slide 26

About Neurological Disabilities…

(e.g. Alzheimer’s, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, stroke)

May affect:

Physical functioning
Interactions with others
Learning and memory

-The course and effects of the disability are unique to each individual

Slide 27

About Physical and Mobility Disabilities…

Includes any impairment that impacts a person’s use of their body or limbs
In 2002 there were 2.7 million wheelchair users
In 2008 that number increased to 3.6 million
60% of wheelchair users are over age 65
May involve using mobility devices, prosthetics, and other equipment to aid in performing manual tasks or moving around

Steimetz, 2006; Wheelchair.net, 2006

Slide 28

Walking Aids

[Images: different walking aids (canes, wheel chairs etc.)]

Slide 29

Barriers

[Image: people in wheelchairs are lined up on the sidewalk; another group of people are walking next to them]

Slide 30

Barriers

[Images: cars parked along the curb with houses in the distance. A man standing next to a fire hydrant]

Slide 31

About Learning Disabilities…

LD is a childhood disorder characterized by difficulty with certain skills such as reading or writing, and math computations.

LD may affect the ability to interpret what one sees or hears or the ability to link information from different parts of the brain.

Often LD is accompanied by other disorders, especially ADHD, which can compound the learning disability by making it difficult to listen, focus attention, or absorb new material.

Slide 32

About Intellectual Disabilities…

Characterized by lower test of functional and mental ability
3 out of every 100 Americans (The Arc, 2001)
About 87% of people with this disability will be only slightly below average in learning new things
Can arise from a number of different causes
Varying levels of intellectual disability also means varying levels of intellectual capability
Not the same as mental illness
Not always present with other developmental disabilities!

National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities

Slide 33

Further Research & Guidance

2016 TRB Session #479

CAIT of Rutgers

Travel Patterns, Needs, and Barriers of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder:

A Report from a Survey

Detour to the Right Place

[Image: people sitting on a bus]

Slide 34

About Visual Disabilities…

1.8 million people have a severe visual impairment or blindness
Varying levels of visual disability
Not all people with visual disabilities read Braille
Many new developments in IT aid people with visual disabilities

Steinmetz, 2006

Slide 35

Visual Disabilities…

People who have a severe visual impairment or blindness:

D.C. –17, 400
Delaware -19,500
Maryland -116,400
Pennsylvania -287,000
Virginia –162,500
West Virginia -79,900

Source: National Federation of the Blind, 2014

[Image: two men standing behind an image that says Mythbusters in grey and orange]

Slide 36

Visual Disabilities Some key points…

Give the person conversation cues:

-Identify yourself when you start to speak

-Say goodbye when you leave the conversation

Give the person a brief description of their surroundings

-“There’s a table about two feet in front of you. The door is about 5 feet away on our left.”

Ask them if they would like assistance and what kind

[Image: a gold key]

Slide 37

Normal Vision

[Image: outside of an old grey building]

Slide 38

Limited Vision

[Image: half of the outside of an old grey building, the other half of the picture is covered in black]

Slide 39

Macular Degeneration

[Image: old grey building, middle of the picture is covered in black]

Slide 40

Glaucoma

[Image: outside of an old grey building, majority of the picture is covered in black; the building is peeping through in five different areas]

Slide 41

Retinitis Pigmentosa

[Image: whole picture is black except for circular portion in the middle (tunnel vision)]. In the middle are three windows to a grey building]

Slide 42

Mobility Aids

White Cane
Guide Dog

-Seeing Eye Dog

-seeingeye.org

[Images: four people crossing the street with canes. Man walking with guide dog]

Slide 43

[Image: man a woman walking on the sidewalk with a guide dog]

Slide 44

Barriers

[Image: a tree with flowers hanging over a sidewalk]

Slide 45

Barriers

[Image: a sidewalk in a construction zone]

Slide 46

About Hearing Disabilities…

1 million Americans have trouble hearing normal conversation; the number increase sharply with age
About 30% of people over age 65 have difficulty hearing
Human speech is often the most challenging sound
Most difficult to hear when there are a lot of “ambient” sounds
Hearing aids may not totally “fix” the problem

Steinmetz, 2006

Slide 47

Communication

Accessible Pedestrian Signals

[Image: push button to cross sign with instruction when to walk and when to not cross]

Slide 48

ADA Trainer Network

Module 5f

Title II –

Public Transportation

FTA -DOT Regulations

Slide 49

The Mission of the ADA

“…to assure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency to persons with disabilities.” US Congress

ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORTATION IS KEY TO FULFILLING THIS MISSION!

Barrier Removal –Integrated Public Service

[Image: a man in a wheelchair boarding a bus]

Slide 50

ADAAA -DOJ & DOT Regulations

ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) -Signed into law on September 25, 2008, became effective on January 1, 2009

DOJ –Title II & III final regulations published in the Federal Register on

Sept. 15, 2010, became effective on March 15, 2011

FTA-DOT –Title II & III final regulations published in the Federal Register on

Sept. 19, 2011 Became Effective on October 19, 2011

[Image: a weight measure behind a stack of books]

Slide 51

ADA TransportationRegulations

FTA –DOT Proposed Guidance in Additional Chapters

Chapter on Vehicle Acquisition published in the Federal Register on Oct. 2, 2012

Chapters on: Introduction and Applicability, General Requirements, Equivalent Facilitation and Complementary Paratransit Services published on Federal Register on February 19, 2014

[Image: woman in a wheelchair waiting to get off the bus]

Slide 52

ADA TransportationRegulations

Origin to Destination Service

Complementary paratransit service for ADA paratransit eligible persons shall be origin-to-destination service. With the exception of certain situations in which on-call bus service or feeder paratransit service is appropriate.

The decision about whether to offer door-to-door or curb-to-curb services for some individuals or locations is made by paratransit planners at the local level.

[Image: a public transportation employee assisting a woman in a wheelchair]

Slide 53

DOT ADA Regulations…

To File a Complaint

Certified Mail:

Director, FTA Office of Civil Rights

East Building –5th Floor, TCR

1200 New Jersey Ave., SE Washington, DC 20590

Email:

ADA TA Line: 1-888-446-4511

[Image: a man in a wheelchair on the phone sitting at a desk with his laptop open]

Slide 54

Additional Resource National Aging and Disability Transportation Center

[Image: a man with a can sitting on a bus]

Slide 55

Travel Destinations

[Image: pyramid, two men standing behind an image that says Mythbusters in grey and orange]

Slide 56

School

[Images: front William Penn High School. Delaware Technical Community college. Logo of a man riding a horse]

Slide 57

Work

[Image: outside of Chase building]

Slide 58

Shopping

[Image: the street entrance to a shopping center, cars waiting to turn]

Slide 59

Medical Treatment

[Images: the front of four different treatment centers]

Slide 60

Recreation

[Image: a playground in a park]

Slide 61

TCRP Report 163-2013

Sponsored by Federal Transit Administration

Strategy Guide to Enable and Promote the Use of Fixed-Route Transit by People with Disabilities

Google search: tcrp 163

[Image: cover of TCRP report 163]

Slide 62

FTA ADA Circular -2015

FTA (Federal Transit Administration)

Google search: FTA ADA circular

[Image: U.S. Department of Transportation logo]

Slide 63

Public Transportation

Sharedpassenger transport service available for use by the general public

Fixed-route buses
Paratransit
Rail / subway

Slide 64

Fixed Route Bus Fleet 98% accessible

Source: Chapter 1, TCRP 163

[Image: a metro transit bus]

Slide 65

Why do people want to use fixed-route buses if available?

Lower (or free) fare
Reliable Schedule
Set personal schedule for travel without hours or days of pre-planning
Flexibility to travel when wanted
Opportunity to travel with friends
Independence

Source: Section 6.1, TCRP 163

Slide 66

Very Important Factors Negatively Affecting Use of Fixed Routes

1. Barriers in the pedestrian environment (pedestrian infrastructure) –48%

2.Distance to/from stops/stations –47%

3.Lack of information about potential barriers getting to/from stops/stations –39%

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 67

Types of Paratransit Eligibility

Unconditional Eligibility –people not able to use fixed-route transit under any conditions
Conditional Eligibility –people able to use fixed-route transit some of the time under certain conditions
Temporary Eligibility –people with a temporary disability or health condition

Source: Section 9.1, TCRP 163

Slide 68

Paratransit Conditional Eligibility

Factors include:

Path-of-travel barriers that prevent use of fixed route service

-Lack of sidewalks

-Lack of curb ramps

-Uneven or unstable surfaces

Source: Section 9.3.2, FTA ADA Circular

[Image: bus stop in adjacent to a small shopping center]

Slide 69

Paratransit Conditional Eligibility

Factors include:

Intersections or streets individuals cannot cross safely

-Complex intersections

-Busy streets

-Wide streets

Source: Section 9.3.2, FTA ADA Circular

[Image: pedestrian walking with a red circle crossed through the middle over it. Cars driving down a street]

Slide 70

Operating Costs Per TripNational Average

Bus trip -$3.60
Paratransit$32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

-$58 per round trip

-$3,016 per a year of one round trip each week

-$290 per five round trips in a week

-$15,080 per a year of five round trips each week

Source: Section 7.1 -TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

[Image: weekly calendar, brown suitcase]

Slide 71

Operating Costs Per TripRegional

National Transit Database -2013

D.C. –WMATA -$45.11
Delaware –DTC -$48.19
Maryland –MTA -$47.11
Pennsylvania –SEPTA -$27
Virginia –WATA -$96
West Virginia –OVRTA -$58.41

[Images: two brown suitcases]

Slide 72

Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Financial

Maryland Transit Administration

If one person transitioned from paratransit to fixed-route transit

Simple improvement -e.g., minor sidewalk repair

-Averaged $7,000 per stop

-Costs recovered in 10 weeks

Source: Section 5.4 -TCRP 163

Slide 73

Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure for Fixed Route TransitPedestrian Safety

Montgomery County, Maryland

Comparing 2011 to 2000

Pedestrian collisions decreased by 4%
Pedestrian fatalities decreased by 39%

Source: Section 5.4 -TCRP 163

Slide 74

Suggested Strategies for Enabling and Promoting Use of Fixed Transit by People with Disabilities

A.Make Bus Stops and Pedestrian Environment as Usable as Possible

B.Develop Marketing and Public Information Materials; Offer Trip Planning and Travel Training Services

C.Consider Fare Incentives

D.Consider Alternative Transit Service Designs That Are More Inclusive and Serve All Riders

E.Use ADA Paratransit Eligibility Determination Process to Identify Travel Abilities

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 75

Pedestrian Infrastructure

“Every bus trip begins and ends with a pedestrian trip…”

Source: Chapter 5, TCRP 163

[Image: two men waiting to get on a bus, one is in a wheelchair]

Slide 76

[Image: a man using a jetpack in a blue suit, a man and woman walking in the cold with ice on the ground]

Slide 77

Bus Stops Near Intersections without a Pedestrian Crosswalk

[Image: map with four orange hand icons over the roads which are highlighted in green]

Slide 78

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Bus stops
Sidewalk / Shared Use Path
Curb Ramps
Pedestrian Pushbuttons and Pedestrian Signals
Pedestrian Street Crossings

Slide 79

Basics of Route Analysis

C-Continuous Route / Path

B-Barriers

B-Bus Stop

[Image: CBS logo]

Slide 80

Route Analysis Continuous Route

[Imag

Slide 81

25 M.P.H. neighborhood street

[Image: google map view of a street surrounded by trees with houses in the distance]

Slide 82

35 M.P.H. local road

[Image: google map view of a double yellow lined street surrounded by trees with houses in the distance]

Slide 83

Increase in Pedestrian Fatalities

[Image: 24 M.P H. and 35 M.P.H street sign]

Slide 84

50 M.P.H. intersecting road

[Image: google map view of a street with houses in the distance]

Slide 85

50 M.P.H. road

[Image: google map view of a street next to a white picket fence with houses and a truck in the distance]

Slide 86

[Image: google map view of a street next to a small shopping center with houses and a truck in the distance]

Slide 87

[Image: google map view of a street next to a small shopping center with houses, gas station and a truck in the distance]