APHGName:

Unit 4 PPT Outline

Part IV

Guided Notes

Part IV. Boundaries

Definition: Vertical lines that establish the limit of each state’s jurisdiction and authority

•Claims and boundaries are

–Subsoil Resource disputes

–Airspace extends into airline traffic (satellites next?)

The Evolution of Boundaries

•Definition: the official establishment or documentation of a boundary

–Treaty

–Legal document

–Example: 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement

•Delimitation:

–Definition:

•Demarcation:

–Definition:

Boundary Types

1. Natural (physical):

-Mountains, deserts, rivers, and lakes

–Can cause disputes

•Examples of natural boundaries-

***Law of the Sea-applies to 165 countries

A.

•12 Nautical miles-

B.

•12 Nautical miles-

C.

•200 Nautical miles-

2. Geometric (Artificial):

Ex. 1)

2)

3)

4)

3. Cultural:

Religious-

Linguistic-

Ethnic-

Boundary Origins

1. Antecedent:

United States & Canada

•Example

2. Subsequent:

–2 types:

•

•

•Example

3. Consequent (ethnographic):

N. Ireland and Ireland

•Example

4. Subsequent Superimposed Boundaries:

–Unconcerned about preexisting cultural patterns

–Great Britain = India/Pakistan

•Example

5. Relict/relic Boundary:

–Differences on each side of the border are still evident

•Example

Boundary Disputes

A. Definitional/Positional Boundary Disputes

  • Focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement

•Why is the border between Argentina and Chile and example of this?

B. Locational Boundary Disputes:

Tennessee vs. Georgia border dispute

C. Operational/Functional Disputes:

Immigration

D. Allocation/Resource Disputes:

Examples:

E. Territorial Disputes:

•Irredentism

Definition:

•Ex.

Kashmir-

Senkaku Islands-

Capitals

•Typically are centrally located to allow for equal access

•Many capitals have become distant to many areas due to growth: Washington D.C.

•Some capitals have been relocated to make the more accessible

•Usually located in the core area and frequently the focus of it

•Capital cities are also frequently the largest or the

•Primate City:

Forward-Thrust capital City:

•Brazil relocated its capital from Rio de Janeiro to a new city called Brasilia

•Nigeria – Abuja

•Kazakhstan – Astana