PNS 473:1997
PNS 473:1997
ICS 01.040.85.080
Paper, board and pulps - Grade school pads
- Specification
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PNS 473:1997
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS 473:1997
Foreword
This Philippine National Standard Specification for Grade School Pad was revised through the recommendation of the Bureau of Product Standards’ Technical Committee on Paper, Board and Pulps, BPS/TC 21.
The paper used for grade school pads, shall be either bond paper which conforms to PNS 70 or newsprint which conforms to PNS 126. The minimum number of leaves per pad was changed from 100 to 90 leaves and shall be marked in the board backing of each pad.
This standard supersedes SAO No. 309 issued by the former Bureau of Standards.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS 473:1997
Paper, board and pulps - Grade school pads - Specification
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements for grade school pads.
2 References
The titles of the standards publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover.
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1 bond paper: A writing paper with good surface characteristics and erasing quality.
3.2 chemical pulp: Pulp obtained by removal from the raw material of a considerable part of those non-cellulosic components that can be removed by chemical treatment, for example cooking. Subsequent mechanical treatment is not necessary to achieve defibration.
3.3 cross direction (CD): That direction in the plane of a paper at right angles to the machine direction.
3.4 grade school pads: Pad papers with a minimum of 90 leaves provided with backing and glued on the top side, used in schools.
3.5 machine direction (MD): That direction in a paper or a board corresponding to the direction of travel of the web on the paper or board machine.
3.6 mechanical pulp: Paper-making pulp made entirely by mechanical means, from various raw materials, usually wood .
3.7 newsprint paper: A paper intended for use as newspaper. It is made from mechanical pulp with a mixture of chemical and/or semi-chemical pulps. The paper may also be made of secondary fibers.
3.8 pad paper: A paper ruled and cut to required sizes.
3.9 secondary fibers - Fibers derived from recycled paper.
3.10 semi-chemical pulp: A pulp obtained by partial removal from the raw material of those non-cellulosic components that can be removed by chemical treatment, for example cooking. To achieve defibration a subsequent mechanical treatment is necessary.
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PNS 473:1997
4 Classification
Grade school pads shall be of two types:
4.1 Type 1 - Intermediate pad (for grades V and VI)
Class A - Pad made of type 2, grade A bond paper which conforms to PNS 70 with the physical properties specified in table 1.
Class B - Pad made of type 2, grade B bond paper which conforms to PNS 70, with the physical properties specified in table 1.
Class C - Pad made of newsprint which conforms to PNS 126, with the physical properties specified in table 2.
4.2 Type 2 - Primary pad (for grades 1 to IV)
Class C - Pad made of newsprint which conforms to PNS 126, with the physical properties specified in table 2.
Class D - Pad made of newsprint with the physical properties specified in table 2.
5 Requirements
5.1 Material - Pad paper shall be made of paper materials that conforms to the requirements specified in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 - Physical properties of bond paper used for class A and B pad
ClassRequirements / A / B / Test method
Grammage, g/m2,
Tolerance, ±5%
Thickness, mm,
Tolerance, ±0.013
Tensile strength, kN/m, min.
MD
CD
Brightness, %, min.
(photovolt)
Opacity, %, min.
Acidity, pH, min.
Dirt count, mm2/m2, max.
(specks)
Ash content, %, max. / 55
0.075
2.6
1.6
82
86
5.0
10
8 / 55
0.075
2.2
1.2
74
86
5.0
20
8 / PNS 306/ISO 536
PNS 305/ISO 534
PNS 307/ISO 1924/1
PNS 309/ISO 2470
PNS 310/ISO 2471
PNS 311/ISO 6588
PNS 327
PNS 308/ISO 2144
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PNS 473:1997
Table 2 - Physical properties of newsprint paper used for class C and D pad
ClassRequirements / C / D / Test method
Grammage, g/m2,
Tolerance, ±5%
Thickness, mm,
Tolerance, ±0.013
Tensile strength, kN/m, min.
MD
CD
Brightness, %, min.
(photovolt)
Opacity, %, min.
Smoothness, BEKK, sec.,
min.
Felt side
Wire side
Dirt count, mm2/m2, max.
(specks) / 49
0.081
1.63
0.65
47
90
5.0
25
20
80 / 49
0.081
1.30
0.60
47
90
5.0
25
20
80 / PNS 306/ISO 536
PNS 305/ISO 534
PNS 307/ISO 1924/1
PNS 309/ISO 2470
PNS 310/ISO 2471
PNS 317/ISO 5627
PNS 327
5.2 Writing quality
Pad paper shall be non-blotting and suitable for writing on with ink on both sides.
5.3 Sizes
Grade school pad shall be of the following sizes with a tolerance of -1mm and +2 mm:
5.3.1 Type 1 - Intermediate pad:
200 mm x 250 mm
5.3.2 Type 2 - Primary pad:
Grades 1 to III : 143 mm x 210 mm
Grade IV : 200 mm x 150 mm
5.5 Ruling
The space between rulings on both sides of pad paper shall be as follows:
5.5.1 Type 1
5.5.1.1 Grades V and VI
The first line shall be 30 mm ±2 mm from the top of the sheet and 7 mm to 8 mm space between blue lines.
5.5.2 Type 2
5.5.2.1 Grade IV
The first line shall be 25 mm ±2 mm from the top of the sheet and 8 mm to 9 mm space between blue lines.
5.5.2.2 Grade III
The first line shall be 25 mm ±2 mm from the top of the sheet and 6 mm to 7 mm space between red and blue lines.
5.5.2.3 Grade II
The first line shall be 25 mm ±2 mm from the top of the sheet and 8 mm to 9 mm space between red and blue lines.
5.5.2.4 Grade 1
The first line shall be 25 mm ±2 mm from the top of the sheet and 9 mm to 10 mm space between red and blue lines.
5.5.3 For recycled paper
Rulings shall be in any color except red and blue.
5.6 Workmanship
Grade school pads shall have clean edges and be free from any defects such as broken lines, pinholes, etc. which affect its appearance and serviceability.
5.7 Number of Leaves
The minimum number of leaves to a pad shall be 90. All pads shall be provided with a suitable board backing with a minimum grammage of 120 g/m2.
5.8 Gluing
Gluing on the top side of the pad shall be strong enough to withstand ordinary handling.
6 Sampling
Sampling shall be in accordance with PNS 303/ISO 186.
7 Test methods
Grade school pads shall be tested in accordance with the test methods specified in tables 1 and 2.
8 Packaging, packing and marking
8.1 Packaging
Grade school pads shall be packaged in multiples of 10.
8.2 Packing
Packing shall be in multiples of 10 packages per pack. It shall be packed in cartons or as specified by the purchaser.
8.3 Marking
Each pad shall be marked with the following:
a) Number of leaves;
b) Type and class;
c) Recognized trade mark;
d) Name and address of the manufacturer/converter;
e) Country of origin or “Made in the Philippines”.
References PNS 473:1997
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in the text forms part of this national standard. At the time of publication of this PNS, the editions indicated were valid:
PNS 70:1986 - Specification for Bond Paper, White and Colored
PNS 126:1988 - Specification for Newsprint
PNS 303:1996/ISO 186:1994 - Paper and board - Sampling to determine average quality
PNS 305:1996/ISO 534:1988 - Paper and board - Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density
PNS 306:1996/ISO 536:1995 - Paper and board - Determination of grammage
PNS 307:1996/ISO 1924/1:1992 - Paper and board - Determination of tensile properties - Part 1: Constant rate of loading method
PNS 308:1996/ISO 2144:1987 - Paper and board - Determination of ash
PNS 309:1996/ISO 2470:1977 - Paper and board - Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor (ISO brightness)
PNS 310:1996/ISO 2471:1977 - Paper and board - Determine of opacity (paper backing) - Diffuse reflectance method
PNS 311:1996/ISO 6588:1981 - Paper, board and pulps - Determination of pH of aqueous extracts
PNS 317:1996/ISO 5627:1995 - Paper and board - Determination of smoothness (Bekk method)
PNS 327:1993 - Method of test for dirt count of paper
Abbreviations
PNS - Philippine National Standard
ISO - International Organization for Standardization
BUREAU OF PRODUCT STANDARDS
Department of Trade and Industry
Technical Committee 21 - Paper, Board and Pulps
Co-Chairmen
Private Sector: Government:
1 Jaime O. Escolano 2 Corazon I. Castro
Philippine Standards Association Bureau of Product Standards
Inc.
Members
Association: Manufacturers:
3 Alan R. Dimzon 7 Creselito C. Estrella
Technical Association of the Pulp Kimberly Clark Phils., Inc.
and Paper Industry of the Phils. .
8 Dominic F. Romero
Consumer: Holland Pacific Paper, Inc.
.
4 Flerida G. Arias 9 Ines Molina
Procurement Service United Pulp and Paper Co., Inc
Department of Budget and
Management Invitees:
Government Agencies: 10 Victor Cue
George Haw
5 Gregoria S. Buñales N.F. Rodriguez , Jr. - Counsel
Industrial Technology Development Philippine School Pads and Notebooks
Institute . Association (PHISPANO)
6 Loida Mabilangan 11 Josefina V. Lacuna
Forest Products Research Department of Education, Culture and Sports
Development Institute
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