Palm Springs Unified School District s1

Palm Springs Unified School District

Focus on Life Science

7th Grade Science Course Guide

Traditional Calendar

2009 – 2010

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7th GRADE SCIENCE - Focus on life Science

Table of Contents

Preface - Important Note to Teachers…………………………………………….……….3

Purpose and Use of Pacing Guide………………………………………………………...4

California Content Standards …………..…………..…………………………………….5

California Content Standards at a Glance…………………………………………………8

California Content Standards Unpacked…………………………………………………10

Instructional Segments…………………………………………………………….……..15

CA Content Standards Color-Coded by Instructional Segments…………...... 20

Benchmark Exams at a Glance………………………….……………………………….23

Vocabulary by Instructional Segments……………….………………………………….24

Vocabulary by Instructional Segments in Spanish…...………………………………….25

Pacing Guide……………………………………………………………………………..26

Please direct any questions or comments to:

Pete A’Hearn Sandi Enochs

K-12 Science Specialist Coordinator, Assessment and Data Analysis

(760) 902-7768 (760) 416-6066

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IMPORTANT!

THIS PACING GUIDE IS INTENDED TO BE FLEXIBLE!!!!

Although a Pacing Guide has been created with a suggested order for teaching the textbook lessons, site grade level teams may change the order of the lessons being taught WITHIN an Instructional Segment. The only requirement is that all lessons within each Instructional Segment be completed (and standards mastered) prior to that segment’s Benchmark Exam Closing Date.

The Benchmark Exam Closing Date is the absolute last date by which the Benchmark Exam must be administered and results entered into OARS. These are OARS deadline dates, not just dates by which the exams must be administered to your students. Feel free to administer the Benchmark Exam any time prior to this date.

In 7th grade there is no looming CST test to force you to try to “cover” everything. Use that freedom to teach the important foundational concepts and skills to mastery. Please note that throughout this document, Key Standards are highlighted in bold print.

The textbook is not the curriculum. Feel free to supplement the readings, labs, and activities with outside resources that help your students to master the standards.

Benchmark Exams are useful for gathering data and assessing student progress, but do not come often enough to provide ongoing formative assessment. Teachers need to embed continuous ongoing formative assessment into their classroom practice.

The prior knowledge and misconceptions boxes at the beginning of each unit in the pacing guide are useful for designing pre-tests and formative assessments. You should test for prior knowledge, but not assume it is there. Misconceptions need to be directly addressed in instruction. Misconceptions can be very persistent and prevent students from learning science. Formative assessment can tell you if students are holding on to their misconceptions.

The Textbook column of the Pacing Guide refers to our adopted textbook, CPO Focus on Life Science, by CPO Science.

The far right column (# of Days) on the Pacing Guide has been intentionally left blank. This column is intended to be used by teachers when planning individually or collaboratively.

Make sure you have signed parent permission for each student before discussing human reproduction AND THE WORKING WONDERS PRESENTATIONS IN INSTRUCTIONAL SEGMENT 4!


Purpose and Use of this Pacing Guide

  1. PSUSD teachers created and revised the original 7th Grade Science Pacing Guide and the Benchmark assessments that were aligned to that document. This pacing guide is a work in progress and will be revised, along with the Benchmark assessments, each year.
  2. Emphasis for 2009-2010:
  3. There are five common Benchmark Exams within four Instructional Segments. Instructional Segment 1 contains two Benchmark Exams.
  4. Teachers will work with colleagues through the DAIT process to identify Essential Standards.
  5. Benchmark windows have been replaced by an OARS Due Date. This is the date that benchmark data is due in OARS. Teachers may give the benchmark earlier, if they choose. Note that the OARS Due Date is the last possible day for data to be entered into OARS and that teachers may want to administer the benchmark several days prior to ensure timeliness.
  6. Benchmark assessment data will provide teachers with information to improve and drive instruction through team and department collaboration.
  7. Benchmark assessment data may be used to provide information to assist with grading, but should not be the only data used in determining grades.
  8. Course Guide Format:
  9. The California Content Standards for 7th Grade Science are listed in their entirety.
  10. Next is an “At a Glance” version of the standards, which provides a two-page abbreviated summary of the standards.
  11. The following section, CA Content Standards Unpacked, restates the standards, followed by a listing of the individual skills and/or objectives encompassed by each standard. This may be utilized as a checklist, to check off all components of each standard as they are mastered. Teachers may even reproduce this section as a checklist for students to keep in their notebook to keep track of their individual progress.
  12. The Pacing Guide is separated into four Instructional Segments followed by a Benchmark Assessment. An overview of the four Instructional Segments is placed at the beginning of the next section. Each Instructional Segment includes the Main Topics, a group of Standards and Essential Standards that must be taught prior to the Benchmark Assessment.
  13. The next section contains a color-coded version of the CA Content Standards, aligning each standard with the Instructional Segment where it is taught.
  14. This is followed by a Benchmark Exams at a Glance page. This chart lists the CA content standards tested on each Benchmark Exam, along with the number of questions per standard on each assessment.
  15. The CA content standards (with correlated textbook sections) to be mastered before each Benchmark Exam are clearly shown on the Pacing Guide. This pacing guide focuses on the textbook pages needed to teach the 7th Grade Science CA content standards. Therefore, the pages that are outside of this scope have been omitted. Other lessons have been included with a scissors icon . Feel free to omit these lessons if time is limited.

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7th Grade Science Standards
Focus on life Science /
STD / Standard
Cell Biology
1.0 / All living organisms are composed of cells, from just one to many trillions, whose details usually are visible only through a microscope. As a basis for understanding this concept:
1a / Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms.
1b / Students know the characteristics that distinguish plant cells from animal cells, including chloroplasts and cell walls.
1c / Students know the nucleus is the repository for genetic information in plant and animal cells.
1d / Students know that mitochondria liberate energy for the work that cells do and that chloroplasts capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis.
1e / Students know cells divide to increase their numbers through a process of mitosis, which results in two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes.
1f / Students know that as multicellular organisms develop, their cells differentiate.
Genetics
2.0 / A typical cell of any organism contains genetic instructions that specify its traits. Those traits may be modified by environmental influences. As a basis for understanding this concept:
2a / Students know the differences between the life cycles and reproduction methods of sexual and asexual organisms.
2b / Students know sexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit half their genes from each parent.
2c / Students know an inherited trait can be determined by one or more genes.
2d / Students know plant and animal cells contain many thousands of different genes and typically have two copies of every gene. The two copies (or alleles) of the gene may or may not be identical, and one may be dominant in determining the phenotype while the other is recessive.
2e / Students know DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living organisms and is located in the chromosomes of each cell.
Evolution
3.0 / Biological evolution accounts for the diversity of species developed through gradual processes over many generations. As a basis for understanding this concept:
3a / Students know both genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and diversity of organisms.
3b / Students know the reasoning used by Charles Darwin in reaching his conclusion that natural selection is the mechanism of evolution.
3c / Students know how independent lines of evidence from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy provide the bases for the theory of evolution.
3d / Students know how to construct a simple branching diagram to classify living groups of organisms by shared derived characteristics and how to expand the diagram to include fossil organisms.
3e / Students know that extinction of a species occurs when the environment changes and the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient for its survival.
7th Grade Science Standards
Focus on life Science /
Earth and Life History (Earth Sciences)
4.0 / Evidence from rocks allows us to understand the evolution of life on Earth. As a basis for understanding this concept:
4a / Students know Earth processes today are similar to those that occurred in the past and slow geologic processes have large cumulative effects over long periods of time.
4b / Students know the history of life on Earth has been disrupted by major catastrophic events, such as major volcanic eruptions or the impacts of asteroids.
4c / Students know that the rock cycle includes the formation of new sediment and rocks and that rocks are often found in layers, with the oldest generally on the bottom.
4d / Students know that evidence from geologic layers and radioactive dating indicates Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old and that life on this planet has existed for more than 3 billion years.
4e / Students know fossils provide evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed.
4f / Students know how movements of Earth's continental and oceanic plates through time, with associated changes in climate and geographic connections, have affected the past and present distribution of organisms.
4g / Students know how to explain significant developments and extinctions of plant and animal life on the geologic time scale.
Structure and Function in Living Systems
5.0 / The anatomy and physiology of plants and animals illustrate the complementary nature of structure and function. As a basis for understanding this concept:
5a / Students know plants and animals have levels of organization for structure and function, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism.
5b / Students know organ systems function because of the contributions of individual organs, tissues, and cells. The failure of any part can affect the entire system.
5c / Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide a structural framework for movement.
5d / Students know how the reproductive organs of the human female and male generate eggs and sperm and how sexual activity may lead to fertilization and pregnancy.
5e / Students know the function of the umbilicus and placenta during pregnancy.
5f / Students know the structures and processes by which flowering plants generate pollen, ovules, seeds, and fruit.
5g / Students know how to relate the structures of the eye and ear to their functions.
Physical Principles in Living Systems (Physical Sciences)
6.0 / Physical principles underlie biological structures and functions. As a basis for understanding this concept:
6a / Students know visible light is a small band within a very broad electromagnetic spectrum.
6b / Students know that for an object to be seen, light emitted by or scattered from it must be detected by the eye.
6c / Students know light travels in straight lines if the medium it travels through does not change.
6d / Students know how simple lenses are used in a magnifying glass, the eye, a camera, a telescope, and a microscope.
6e / Students know that white light is a mixture of many wavelengths (colors) and that retinal cells react differently to different wavelengths.
6f / Students know light can be reflected, refracted, transmitted, and absorbed by matter.
6g / Students know the angle of reflection of a light beam is equal to the angle of incidence.
6h / Students know how to compare joints in the body (wrist, shoulder, thigh) with structures used in machines and simple devices (hinge, ball-and-socket, and sliding joints).
6i / Students know how levers confer mechanical advantage and how the application of this principle applies to the musculoskeletal system.
6j / Students know that contractions of the heart generate blood pressure and that heart valves prevent back flow of blood in the circulatory system.
Investigation and Experimentation
7.0 / Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations. As a basis for understanding this concept and addressing the content in the other three strands, students should develop their own questions and perform investigations. Students will:
7a / Select and use appropriate tools and technology (including calculators, computers, balances, spring scales, microscopes, and binoculars) to perform tests, collect data, and display data.
7b / Use a variety of print and electronic resources (including the World Wide Web) to collect information and evidence as part of a research project.
7c / Communicate the logical connection among hypotheses, science concepts, tests conducted, data collected, and conclusions drawn from the scientific evidence.
7d / Construct scale models, maps, and appropriately labeled diagrams to communicate scientific knowledge (e.g., motion of Earth's plates and cell structure).
7e / Communicate the steps and results from an investigation in written reports and oral presentations.

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7th Grade Science Standards at a Glance /
STD / Standard
1.0 / Cells
1a / similarity of cells
1b / plant vs. animal cells
1c / DNA in the nucleus
1d / mitochondria and chloroplasts
1e / cell division
1f / differentiation of cells
2.0 / Genetics
2a / sexual vs. asexual reproduction
2b / half of genes from each parent
2c / traits determined by one or more genes
2d / many genes, two copies, dominant/recessive
2e / DNA
3.0 / Evolution
3a / variation and environment
3b / Darwin’s reasoning
3c / evidence for evolution
3d / branching diagrams
3e / extinction
4.0 / History of Life/Geology
4a / Uniformitarianism
4b / catastrophic events
4c / superposition
4d / radioactive dating/4.6 byo Earth
4e / fossil evidence of life and environments
4f / plate tectonics affect evolution
4g / geological time scale
5.0 / Structure and Function
5a / levels of organization
5b / systems approach to living things
5c / bones and muscles
5d / reproductive organs
5e / umbilicus and placenta
5f / flowering plant reproduction
5g / eye and ear
6.0 / Physics of Living Things
6a / visible light is an EM wave
6b / light detected by the eye
6c / light goes straight
6d / lenses
6e / color
6f / reflection, refraction, absorption
6g / angle of incidence equals angle of reflection
6h / joints are simple machines
6i / joints are levers
6j / heart as a pump
7.0 / Investigation and Experimentation
7a / tools and technology
7b / research project
7c / logical conclusions
7d / models, maps, and diagrams
7e / communicate about an investigation

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