Oxidation/ Reduction: Gaining and Losing Electrons

Oxidation/ Reduction: Gaining and Losing electrons

REQUIRE an OXIDITANT and a REDUCTANT

O + 2e- è O-2

R è R+n + ne-

CARBON COMPOUND OXIDATION STATES

Organic Compound / Carbon Oxidation Number / Oxygen Oxidation Number / Carbon Oxidation Number
Methane / 2 CH4 / -4 / + O2 / 0=>-2 / ==> / 2 CH3OH / -2
Methanol / 2 CH3OH / -2 / + O2 / 0=>-2 / ==> / 2 H2C=O / 0 / + 2 H2O
Formaldehyde / 2 H2C=O / 0 / + O2 / 0=>-2 / ==> / 2 HCOOH / +2
Formic Acid / 2 HCOOH / +2 / + O2 / 0=>-2 / ==> / 2 CO2 / +4 / + 2 H2O
2CH4 / -4 / 4O2 / 0=>-2 / ==> / 2 CO2 / +4 / + 4 H2O
NET REACTION: / CH4 / -4 / 2O2 / 0=>-2 / ==> / CO2 / +4 / + 2 H2O

NITROGEN OXIDATION STATES

Oxidation
Number / Examples
-3 / NH3, NH4+, NH2-, Mg3N2
-2 / N2H4 (HYDRAZINE)
-1 / NH2OH (Hydroxylamine)
-1/3 / NaN3, HN3 (Sodium azide, Hydrazoic acid)
0 / N2
+1 / N2O
+2 / NO, N2O2
+3 / HNO2, NO2-, N2O3, NO+
+4 / NO2, N2O4
+5 / HNO3, NO3-, N2O5