1

Online appendix: Results under different wage elasticities of labour supply

The below tables and figures present results using different assumptions about . We use the two alternative elasticities presented in Figure 1, where a lower wage elasticity of labour supply (0.09) drives up the position of the decisive voter, with the OECD average at 0.61. A higher elasticity of labour supply (0.33) would in turn drive down the position of the decisive voter, giving an OECD average of 0.37.

Figure A1: Distribution of , , and under

Mean / SD / Max / Min / N
Australia / 0.63 / 0.00 / 0.62 / 0.63 / 6
Austria* / 0.60 / 0.01 / 0.59 / 0.61 / 9
Belgium* / 0.59 / 0.01 / 0.59 / 0.61 / 9
Canada / 0.61 / 0.01 / 0.59 / 0.62 / 36
Chile* / 0.69 / 0.00 / 0.69 / 0.69 / 3
Czech Republic / 0.59 / 0.00 / 0.59 / 0.60 / 11
Denmark / 0.56 / 0.01 / 0.55 / 0.57 / 11
Estonia / 0.63 / 0.01 / 0.62 / 0.64 / 9
Finland / 0.57 / 0.02 / 0.54 / 0.60 / 27
France / 0.61 / 0.01 / 0.60 / 0.62 / 7
Germany / 0.60 / 0.01 / 0.58 / 0.62 / 9
Greece / 0.64 / 0.00 / 0.63 / 0.64 / 8
Iceland / 0.58 / 0.01 / 0.57 / 0.60 / 9
Ireland* / 0.63 / 0.01 / 0.62 / 0.64 / 9
Israel / 0.63 / 0.02 / 0.60 / 0.65 / 9
Italy / 0.62 / 0.01 / 0.60 / 0.64 / 10
Japan / 0.62 / 0.01 / 0.60 / 0.63 / 6
Korea / 0.60 / 0.00 / 0.60 / 0.61 / 7
Luxembourg / 0.61 / 0.01 / 0.60 / 0.62 / 9
Netherlands / 0.60 / 0.01 / 0.59 / 0.61 / 12
New Zealand / 0.62 / 0.01 / 0.60 / 0.64 / 8
Norway / 0.58 / 0.01 / 0.56 / 0.60 / 8
Poland* / 0.63 / 0.02 / 0.62 / 0.66 / 9
Portugal* / 0.65 / 0.00 / 0.64 / 0.65 / 9
Russia / 0.66 / 0.01 / 0.65 / 0.66 / 2
Slovakia / 0.59 / 0.01 / 0.58 / 0.61 / 9
Slovenia / 0.58 / 0.00 / 0.58 / 0.58 / 9
Spain* / 0.63 / 0.01 / 0.62 / 0.64 / 9
Sweden / 0.56 / 0.02 / 0.52 / 0.59 / 10
Switzerland* / 0.61 / 0.00 / 0.61 / 0.61 / 2
Turkey / 0.66 / 0.00 / 0.66 / 0.66 / 2
United Kingdom / 0.63 / 0.01 / 0.59 / 0.65 / 16
United States / 0.64 / 0.01 / 0.61 / 0.66 / 11
Average / 0.61 / 0.03 / 0.52 / 0.69 / 320

Table A1. Summary statistics for by countryunder .

  • Denotes a break in the series occurred (see OECD 2015)

Figure A2: Association between grossGini and predicted and actual net Gini under

Figure A3: Distribution of , , and under

Mean / SD / Max / Min / N
Australia / 0.47 / 0.02 / 0.44 / 0.50 / 6
Austria* / 0.28 / 0.03 / 0.26 / 0.33 / 9
Belgium* / 0.22 / 0.04 / 0.16 / 0.29 / 9
Canada / 0.45 / 0.03 / 0.38 / 0.48 / 36
Chile* / 0.67 / 0.00 / 0.66 / 0.67 / 3
Czech Republic / 0.27 / 0.02 / 0.24 / 0.31 / 11
Denmark / 0.22 / 0.04 / 0.12 / 0.27 / 11
Estonia / 0.46 / 0.03 / 0.40 / 0.50 / 9
Finland / 0.16 / 0.08 / 0.00 / 0.27 / 27
France / 0.30 / 0.02 / 0.28 / 0.33 / 7
Germany / 0.31 / 0.02 / 0.28 / 0.33 / 9
Greece / 0.41 / 0.07 / 0.29 / 0.50 / 8
Iceland / 0.38 / 0.07 / 0.29 / 0.47 / 9
Ireland* / 0.24 / 0.17 / 0.03 / 0.43 / 9
Israel / 0.45 / 0.08 / 0.31 / 0.53 / 9
Italy / 0.43 / 0.03 / 0.39 / 0.48 / 10
Japan / 0.51 / 0.03 / 0.46 / 0.55 / 6
Korea / 0.55 / 0.00 / 0.55 / 0.56 / 7
Luxembourg / 0.36 / 0.02 / 0.33 / 0.38 / 9
Netherlands / 0.36 / 0.04 / 0.27 / 0.43 / 12
New Zealand / 0.47 / 0.03 / 0.41 / 0.50 / 8
Norway / 0.32 / 0.03 / 0.29 / 0.35 / 8
Poland* / 0.42 / 0.02 / 0.40 / 0.46 / 9
Portugal* / 0.46 / 0.05 / 0.40 / 0.53 / 9
Russia / 0.59 / 0.02 / 0.57 / 0.61 / 2
Slovakia / 0.34 / 0.03 / 0.30 / 0.39 / 9
Slovenia / 0.24 / 0.03 / 0.20 / 0.28 / 9
Spain* / 0.46 / 0.02 / 0.43 / 0.50 / 9
Sweden / 0.19 / 0.11 / 0.04 / 0.32 / 10
Switzerland* / 0.53 / 0.01 / 0.52 / 0.53 / 2
Turkey / 0.61 / 0.00 / 0.61 / 0.61 / 2
United Kingdom / 0.45 / 0.03 / 0.42 / 0.51 / 16
United States / 0.55 / 0.02 / 0.51 / 0.56 / 11
Average / 0.37 / 0.13 / 0.00 / 0.67 / 320

Table A2. Summary statistics for by countryunder .

*Denotesa break in the series occurred (see OECD 2015)

Figure A4: Association between grossGini and predicted and actual net Gini under