Online Appendix 1. Summary of Linear Regressions of Soil Factors and Elevation on Stem
Online Appendix 1. Summary of linear regressions of soil factors and elevation on stem number by size class in lowland forest at Gunung Palung National Park, Indonesia. Woody stems >10 cm dbh were enumerated in 30 (0.16 ha) plots throughout a lowland watershed (~340 ha; 8-195 m a.s.l.) underlain by alluvium (n = 10 plots), sedimentary rock (n = 8) and granite (n = 12). Separate regressions were performed for all plots combined and plots from hill forest only (sedimentary and granite). Results are shown separately if they differed, with all plots first then hill plots only. (*) 0.05 < P 0.1, * P 0.05, ** P 0.01, *** P 0.001
Habitat / 10-20 / 20-30 / 30-40 / 40-50 / 50-60 / 60-70 / 70-80 / 80-90 / 90-100 / 100-110 / 110-120 / >120 / Total(a) Labile nutrients
PCA Axis 1 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / - * / ns / ns / - * / ns / ns / + (*) / + * / ns / + ** / ns / ns
PCA Axis 2 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns
PCA Axis 3 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / - * / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns
(b) Total nutrients
PCA Axis 1 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / - * / - ** / - * / - * / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / + (*) / ns
PCA Axis 2 / ns / ns / ns / - * / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns
PCA Axis 3 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / - *** / - * / ns / ns
(c) Soil texture
PCA Axis 1 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / + (*) / ns / ns / ns
PCA Axis 2 / ns / + * / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / + * / + ** / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / + (*)
(d) Other
Elevation / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / + * / ns / ns / ns / ns / - (*) / ns / + (*) / ns
Online Appendix 2. Summary of linear regressions of soil factors and elevation on basal area of woody stems by size class in lowland forest at Gunung Palung National Park, Indonesia. Woody stems >10 cm dbh were enumerated in 30 (0.16 ha) plots throughout a lowland watershed (~340 ha; 8-195 m a.s.l.) underlain by alluvium (n = 10 plots), sedimentary rock (n = 8) and granite (n = 12). Separate regressions were performed for all plots combined and plots from hill forest only (sedimentary and granite). Results are shown separately if they differed, with all plots first then hill plots only. (*) 0.05 < P 0.1, * P 0.05, ** P 0.01, *** P 0.001
Habitat / 10-20 / 20-30 / 30-40 / 40-50 / 50-60 / 60-70 / 70-80 / 80-90 / 90-100 / 100-110 / 110-120 / >120 / Total(a) Labile nutrients
PCA Axis 1 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / + (*) / ns / ns
PCA Axis 2 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / - * / - (*) / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns
PCA Axis 3 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns
(b) Total nutrients
PCA Axis 1 / ns / ns / ns / ns / - (*) / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns
PCA Axis 2 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / + * / ns / ns / ns / + (*) / ns
PCA Axis 3 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns
(c) Soil texture
PCA Axis 1 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / + * / + (*) / ns / + (*) / ns / ns / ns / ns
PCA Axis 2 / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / + (*) / ns / - * / - * / ns / ns / ns / - (*) / ns
(d) Other
Elevation / + * / + * / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / ns / - * / - * / ns
Online Appendix 3. Comparison of stem density (10 cm dbh) and size distribution between Bornean and Neotropical lowland forests.
Location / Site / Plots(No. x ha) / Stem
density
(no ha-1) / Stem density by size class (no ha-1) / Source
10-50 / 50-60 / 60-70 / 70-80 / 80-90 / 90-100 / >100
(a) Borneo
East Kalimantan / B. Bangkirai / 30 x 0.01 / 500 / 483.3 / 6.7 / 6.7 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 3.3 / 1
East Kalimantan / Berau / 5 x 0.3 / 758 / 736.0 / 13.3 / 4.0 / 3.3 / 0.7 / 0.0 / 0.7 / 1
East Kalimantan / Berau / 30 x 0.01 / 620 / 576.7 / 13.3 / 20.0 / 0.0 / 10.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 1
East Kalimantan / G. Lumut / 30 x 0.01 / 413.3 / 390.0 / 6.7 / 6.7 / 0.0 / 3.3 / 6.7 / 0.0 / 1
East Kalimantan / G. Meratus / 60 x 0.01, 4 x 0.2 / 409.3 / 370.7 / 7.9 / 9.3 / 8.6 / 5.7 / 1.4 / 5.7 / 1
East Kalimantan / S. Wain / 120 x 0.01 / 502.5 / 480.8 / 7.5 / 3.3 / 4.2 / 2.5 / 0.0 / 4.2 / 1
East Kalimantan / PT ITCI / 3 x 0.3 / 325.6 / 298.9 / 7.8 / 5.6 / 3.3 / 5.6 / 1.1 / 3.3 / 1
East Kalimantan / PT ITCI / 2 x 0.3 / 410 / 371.7 / 10.0 / 6.7 / 8.3 / 6.7 / 0.0 / 6.7 / 1
East Kalimantan / Samboja / 5 x 0.3 / 502.7 / 474.0 / 10.7 / 10.0 / 2.7 / 1.3 / 1.3 / 2.7 / 1
East Kalimantan / Tj. Redeb / 12 x 4 / 530.7 / 497.1 / 12.1 / 8.0 / 5.0 / 3.5 / 2.1 / 3.0 / 2
West Kalimantan / G. Palung / 28 x 0.16 / 638.8 / 588.8 / 18.1 / 11.8 / 7.8 / 4.7 / 1.8 / 5.8 / 3
West Kalimantan / G. Palung / 10 x 0.16 / 507 / 463.0 / 13.0 / 4.0 / 6.0 / 3.0 / 7.0 / 11.0 / 4
West Kalimantan / G. Palung / 8 x 0.16 / 507 / 459.0 / 13.0 / 11.0 / 7.0 / 5.0 / 6.0 / 6.0 / 4
West Kalimantan / G. Palung / 12 x 0.16 / 549 / 500.0 / 17.0 / 8.0 / 8.0 / 7.0 / 4.0 / 5.0 / 4
Sarawak / Bako / 1 x 1 / 615 / 589.8 / 8.0 / 6.8 / 1.5 / 5.0 / 1.5 / 1.5 / 5
Sarawak / Bako / 1 x 1 / 778 / 721.2 / 17.1 / 17.9 / 14.0 / 1.9 / 6.3 / 7.1 / 5
Sarawak / Bako / 1 x 1 / 708 / 663.4 / 12.7 / 9.9 / 9.2 / 7.8 / 1.8 / 4.0 / 5
Sarawak / Bako / 1 x 1 / 644 / 600.9 / 18.7 / 9.0 / 10.3 / 1.6 / 3.5 / 1.6 / 5
Sabah / G. Silam / 4 x 0.4 / 655 / 606.9 / 16.9 / 10.8 / 12.1 / 5.7 / 0.3 / 0.5 / 6
Brunei / B. Belalang / 3 x 0.25 / 512 / 460.3 / 14.3 / 15.9 / 5.6 / 4.1 / 3.1 / 8.7 / 7
(b) Neotropics
Panama / BCI / 3 x 0.14 / 371 / 337 / 20 / 7 / 7 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8
Panama / BCI / 3 x 0.14 / 384 / 371 / 5 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 0 / 2 / 8
Costa Rica / La Selva / 3 x 0.14 / 515 / 483 / 14 / 9 / 2 / 0 / 5 / 2 / 8
Costa Rica / La Selva / 3 x 0.14 / 426 / 392 / 18 / 14 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8
Brazil / Km 41 / 3 x 0.14 / 601 / 583 / 11 / 5 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 8
Brazil / Km 41 / 3 x 0.14 / 707 / 684 / 9 / 14 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8
Peru / Cocha Cashu / 3 x 0.14 / 768 / 741 / 16 / 2 / 0 / 2 / 5 / 2 / 8
Peru / Cocha Cashu / 3 x 0.14 / 562 / 499 / 18 / 20 / 9 / 5 / 5 / 6 / 8
Sources: 1, J.W.F. Slik (unpubl. data); 2, Sist et al. (1998); 3, C. Webb (unpubl. data); 4, this study; 5, Proctor et al. (1983); 6, Proctor et al. (1988); 7, Pendry & Proctor (1996); 8, DeWalt & Chave (2004).