OISD-STANDARD-156
First Edition, January, 1992
Second Edition, October, 2005
FOR RESTRICTED
CIRCULATION ONLY
FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES
FOR
PORTS HANDLING HYDROCARBONS
OISD-STANDARD-156
SECOND EDITION, OCTOBER, 2005
OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS
7th Floor, New Delhi House
27, Barakhamba Road
Connaught Place, New Delhi - 110 001
NOTES
This publication is the property of Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas and shall not be reproduced or copied or loaned or exhibited to others without written consent from OISD.
Though every effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of data contained in these documents, OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from their use.
These documents are intended only to supplement and not replace the prevailing statutory requirements.
FOREWORD
With a view to standardise the design philosophies, operating, maintenance, inspection practices etc. keeping in view the safety considerations, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas in 1986 constituted a Safety Council assisted by the Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) to formulate and implement a series of self regulatory measures aimed at removing obsolescence, standardising and upgrading the existing standards to ensure safe operations at hydrocarbon processing / storage / handling facilities. Accordingly, OISD constituted a number of functional committees of experts nominated from the industry to draw up standards and guidelines on various subjects.
The first edition of the document "Fire Protection Facilities for Port Oil Terminals"’ was prepared on request from the Ministry of Surface Transport that the oil industry should coordinate in preparing requirements of fire fighting facilities at port terminals handling hydrocarbons and published in January, 1992. The present document "Fire Protection Facilities for Port Terminals handling Hydrocarbons" is the revised document by functional committee based on the accumulated knowledge and experience of industry members and the various national, international codes and practices. It is hoped that the provisions of these Guidelines if implemented objectively may go a long way to improve safety and minimise consequences of accidents at Ports.
This document is meant to be used as supplement and not as a replacement for existing codes and practices. Suggestions are invited from the industry to improve the document further, and the same may be addressed to :
The Coordinator,
Committee on " Safety at Port Terminals”
Oil Industry Safety Directorate,
7th Floor, New Delhi House,
27, Barakhamba Road
New Delhi - 110 001
FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEE
(First Edition - January, 1992)
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NAMEDESIGNATIONPOSITION IN
COMMITTEE
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1.Sh. R.P. Bhatla DGM – EILLeader
2.Sh. S.S. Gadkari Chief ShippingMember
Manager - IOC
3.Sh. S.V. Puthli Chief TerminalMember
Manager – HPCL
4.Sh. T.V. Viswanath Manager Member
BPCL
5.Capt. A.K. Karkare Dock MasterMember
Bombay Port
6.Capt. J. Parakal Senior PilotMember
Cochin Port
7.Sh. A.A. RaichurManager SafetyMember
HPCL (Ref.)Co-Opted
8.Sh. R.M.N. Marar Joint DirectorMember
OISD
9.Sh. S.B. Shah Joint Director Member
OISDCoordinator
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FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEE
( Second Edition, October, 2005)
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NAMEDESIGNATIONPOSITION IN
COMMITTEE
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1.Capt. M.K. Sinha Harbour MasterLeader
Visakhapatnam Port Trust,
Marine Deptt.
2.Sh. U.S. PandeyDGM (IP & D)Member
BPCL, Mumbai
3.Sh. A.A. Raichur Ch. Manager (Fire & Safety) Member
HPCL, Mumbai
4.Sh. T.K. Kumar Chief Manager (S&EP)Member
IOCL, Noida
5.Sh. L.L. Sahu Sr. Ops. Manager, Member
IOCL, Mumbai
6.Sh. S.K. Singh Sr. S & EP Manager, Member
IOCL, Mumbai
7.Sh. S. Sreekanth Manager (Safety & Fire), Member
KRL, Kochi
8.Sh. P.P. BhondePort Safety & Fire Officer, Member
Mumbai Port Trust
9.Sh. S.C. Gupta Joint Director, Member
OISD, New Delhi Co-ordinator
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CONTENTS
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SECTIONDESCRIPTION Page no.
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1.0INTRODUCTION
2.0SCOPE
3.0DEFINITIONS
4.0 FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES
5.0 FIRE DETECTION ALARM
& COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
6.0FIRE SAFETY ORGANISATION / TRAINING
7.0ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT / FITTINGS
8.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM,
INSPECTION & TESTING
9.0REFERENCES
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ANNEXURES
I.First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment
II.Typical Example - Fire Protection on Port Terminal
III.Broad specifications for fire floats
FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES
FOR
PORTS HANDLING HYDROCARBONS
1.0INTRODUCTION
Oil Loading/unloading Port terminals are generally located in the remote areas and/or near ports. Experience shows that these installations over the years get surrounded by residential/ Industrial installations in the absence of any statutory regulations prohibiting their construction. The large quantities of inflammable material handled in these installations pose a great threat to their own safety as well as of the surrounding installations. Therefore it is necessary to introduce in-built fire protection facilities for Port terminals.
The provisions of this standard shall be considered necessary to provide a reasonable level of protection from loss of life and property from fire and explosion at port terminals handling hydrocarbons. However, it is important to assess & comply with the requirements arising from HAZOP studies/ risk analysis and also considering the availability of the mobile fire fighting services from Fire Brigade and nearby industries i.e. mutual aid partners as per contingency plan.
2.0SCOPE
The document lays down the minimum requirements of the fire protection facilities at Port terminals & related facilities to Port Terminals handling hydrocarbons i.e. oil, gas, LPG etc.
This document does not cover Oil / Gas/ LPG Terminals such as petroleum depots / terminals, LPG installations/ bottling plants, Group Gathering Stations (GGS), Oil Collecting Stations (OCS), Central Tank Farms (CTF), Gas Processing Plants, single point mooring system etc. for which relevant OISD standards should be referred to. The facilities at port terminals used for storage of petroleum shall be in line with OISD-STD-117 - "Fire Protection Facilities for Petroleum Depot and Pipeline Installations".
3.0DEFINITIONS
3.1PORT TERMINAL
All facilities constructed in the sea in the port area for loading/unloading of hydrocarbons from oil tanker/ships with loading arms, piping manifolds, control facilities or pumping in or out of oil gas to/ from storage terminal facilities constitutes a port terminal.
3.2OIL TERMINAL
That portion of property where combustible/ flammable liquids are received by tanker, pipelines, tank wagons, tank trucks and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tankers pipelines, tank wagons, tank trucks, portable tanks or containers constitutes an oil terminal.
3.3WHARF
The area at the dock basin where ancillary facilities such as crane, warehouse etc. are provided for serving the ship.
3.4JETTY
The actual frontage of the wharf where the fender system is attached for the vessels to berth.
3.5PIER
This is the exclusive area where the wharfage is constructed in the port.
3.6FLASH POINT
The flash point of petroleum liquid is the minimum temperature at which the liquid gives off vapour in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid within a container.
3.7CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
I) General Classification:
Petroleum Products other than “Liquefied Petroleum Gas” (LPG) which is covered under separate category, are classified according to their FLASH POINTS as per closed cup method as follows:
Class “A”: Liquids which have a flash point below 23 oC
Class “B” : Liquids which have a flash point of 23 oC and above but below 65 oC
Class “C” : Liquids which have a flash point of 65 oC and above but below 93 oC
Unclassified: Liquids which have a flash point of 93 oC and above.
ii) Classification for High Ambient Temperatures and for Heated Products :
At locations where the handling temperatures are higher than the flash point of the product or in circumstances where product handled is artificially heated to above its flash point special consideration should be given in the terminal layout.
3.8SHALL
“Shall” indicates a mandatory requirement.
3.9SHOULD
“ Should” indicated a requirements which is non-mandatory in nature.
3.10HIGH HAZARD AREAS
These are the areas where equipment, piping manifolds, valves etc. handling flammable, combustible and toxic products are located.
3.11DEADWEIGHT
The weight in tonnes of cargo, stores, fuel, passengers and crew carried by the ship when loaded to her maximum summer loadline.
4.0FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES
4.1GENERAL
Layout of Port Terminals handling hydrocarbons should be done in accordance with Standard Engineering Practices/Requirements. A good layout provides adequate access for fire fighting, escape routes in case of fire and also provisions for segregation of facilities in the event of emergency.
The following fire protection facilities shall be provided depending upon size and nature of risk of installation :
-Fire Water System
- Foam System
- Halon/ its proven equivalent / Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing System
-DCP Protection System
-First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment
- Portable & Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment
- Water borne Fire Fighting Equipment
- Fire / smoke / Gas Detection and Alarm System
- Fire Alarm/ Communication System
4.2DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIRE PROTECTION
I) It is assumed that in case of fire on ship tanker, ship will be towed to open sea and that fire protection for ship tanker will be treated as first aid till towing is done.
ii) Fire water system shall be designed for facilities on the basis that city fire water is not available close to the installation.
iii) One single largest risk shall be considered for providing fire protection facilities.
iv) All facilities shall be covered with Hydrant System.
v) Tower mounted water cum Foam monitors shall be provided for protection to loading /unloading arms/first aid to tankers.
vi) Water curtains shall be provided for segregation of loading / unloading arms/piping manifold and ship tanker in the event of fire on either of these facilities.
vii) Manual/ automatic below deck fixed water spray system or pile fire-proofing to protect berth structure and installations shall be provided.
viii) For ports terminals handling ships of less than 50,000 tonnes capacity one set of fire water Pumps shall be provided which will cater to both tower mounted monitors as well as hydrant service and water curtains, and for Port terminal
handling ships of 50,000 tonnes or larger two sets of Fire water Pumps shall be provided for:
a) Tower mounted water cum foam monitors.
b) Hydrant Service and water curtains.
ix) Halon / its equivalent or clean agent fire extinguishing system shall be provided for control room / computer room.
x) Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) protection shall be provided for LPG/Gas loading / unloading port terminal.
4.3FIRE WATER SYSTEM
For the purpose of fire fighting, water turrets, spray and mist/ fog may be used effectively against oil fires and for making a screen between the fire fighter and the fire. Water is used for fire extinguishing, fire control, cooling of equipment etc.
Water should be used with discretion in areas of electrical equipment. Provision should be made to prevent inadvertent operation of a water suppression system. When water is used, an adequate drainage system should be provided. Before selecting water for use indoors, it should be determined if the equipment is water tight.
If conditions are such that the equipment cannot be de-energized and the fire cannot be extinguished by non-conducting agents, water spray may be used with proper nozzle selection. Water-spray nozzles can be used safely and effectively on voltages upto 138 KV, phase to phase with the following precautions :
i) Only spray type nozzles are used.
ii) The minimum distance from the equipment is at least 2 meters.
iii) The fire fighter does not stand in a pool of water.
ANSI/IEEE Standard 979 may be referred for further guidelines on the types of water-spray nozzles.
For details, OISD-STD-173 on “Fire Prevention and Protection System for Electrical Installations” shall be referred.
4.3.1COMPONENTS OF WATER SYSTEM
The main components of the system are:
- Design Flow Rate
- Fire water pumps.
- Distribution piping network.
4.3.2DESIGN FLOW RATE
i) The fire water system at port Terminal shall be designed to meet the fire water flow requirements of a single largest risk at a time
ii) Fire water flow rate for Port terminal protection shall be aggregate of the following:
- Water flow for Tower mounted water/ foam monitors for protection of loading / unloading arms./ piping manifold and ship tanker.
- Water flow for area segregation by providing water curtains between ship tanker and loading / unloading arms and Hydrant service.
iv) Design Flow rate shall vary with type of product and size of ships handled. Refer Table-1 (for POL products) & Table –II (for Liquefied Petroleum Gas) for water flow design requirements.
TABLE-1
FIRE WATER DESIGN REQUIREMENT FOR PORT
TERMINALS HANDLING OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
(EXCLUDING LIQUEFIED HYDROCARBON GASES)
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SL.NO.INSTALLATIONFIRE WATER RATE
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1.Barge berth at a wharf or Jetty Fire mains/monitors with a
fire water supply of 288 M3/hr
(One monitor + Four hydrants)
2.Tanker berth at a wharf or jetty Fire mains/monitors with a
handling ships of less that 20,000 fire water supply of 410 M3/hrtonnesdeadweight capacity (2 monitors X 3000 lpm + 50m3)
3.Tanker berth at a wharf or Jetty Fire mains/monitors with a
Handling ships of 20,000 tonnes and fire water supply of 820 M3/hr
above but less than + 50,000 tonnes. 2 monitors X 3000 lpm + 2 deadweight jumbo Nozzles X 3000 lpm + 100 M3/hr.
4.Tanker berth at a wharf of Jetty handling i) 600 M3/Hrs for water/Foam monitors
ships of 50,000 tonnes and above but (2 tower monitors X 5000 lpm)
less than 100,000 tonnes deadweight
ii) 600 M3/Hrs for hydrant &
water curtain service. ( 2
Jumbo Nozzles X 5000 lpm)
5.Tanker berth at wharf or Jetty handling I) 720 M3/hr for water/
ships of 100000 tonnes deadweight or Foam monitors ( 2 tower
larger capacity. monitors X 6000 lpm)
ii) 720 M3/hr for hydrant &
water curtain service. (2
Jumbo Nozzles X 6000 lpm)
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4.3.3DESIGN FIRE WATER PRESSURE
The fire water pressure system shall be designed for a minimum residual pressure of 7.0 Kg/cm.2 at the hydraulically remotest point of application in the terminal.
4.3.4FIRE WATER SOURCE
Sea water which is available in plenty near Port Terminal is normally used for fire fighting. However, Consideration shall be given to location of fire water source such that it is away from oil leakage source.
TABLE - 2
FIRE WATER DESIGN GUIDE FOR PORT
TERMINAL HANDLING LIQUEFIED HYDROCARBON GASES
------INSTALLATION FIRE WATER RATE
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1.Tanker berth at Jetty handling ships of Fire main incorporating isolating
less than 10,000 tonnes deadweight valves, fire hydrants and fixed water monitors with a fire water supply of 2 x 140 M3/hr (2 X 3000 lpm monitors + 2 X 300 lpm Jumbo Nozzles)
2.Tanker berth at a Jetty handling ships of Fire main incorporating isolating
10000 to 20,000 tonnes deadweight valves, fire hydrants and fixed water monitors with a fire water supply of 2 x 720 M3/hr ( 2 Tower monitors x
6000 lpm + 2 Jumbo Nozzles x 6000 lpm)
3.Tanker berth at a Jetty handling ships of Fire main incorporating isolating
20000 to 40,000 tonnes deadweight valves, fire hydrants and fixed water monitors with a fire water supply of 3 x 720 M3/hr ( 3 Tower monitors x
6000 lpm + 3 Jumbo Nozzles x 6000 lpm)
4.Tanker berth at a Jetty handling ships of Fire main incorporating isolating
more than 40,000 tonnes deadweight valves, fire hydrants and fixed water monitors with a fire water supply of 4 x 720 M3/hr ( 4 Tower monitors x
6000 lpm + 4 Jumbo Nozzles x 6000 lpm)
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4.3.5FIRE WATER PUMPS
i) Centrifugal type fire water pumps shall be installed to meet the design fire water flow rate and head. These should have flooded suction.
ii) The pumps shall be capable of discharging 150% of its rated discharge at a minimum of 65% of the rated head. The Shut-off head shall not exceed 120% of rated head for horizontal centrifugal pumps and 140% for vertical turbine pump.
iii) A minimum of 50% standby pump(s) (minimum one no.) of the same type as the main pumps shall be provided. Standby pump provision shall be as follows:
- If one pump is the requirement then a standby of the same capacity shall be provided.
- If 2 pumps are required then one additional pump of similar capacity shall be provided as spare.
iv)The fire water pump(s) including the standby pump(s) shall be of diesel engine driven type. Where electric supply is reliable 50% of the pumps may be electric driven. The diesel engines shall be quick starting type with the help of push buttons located on or near the pumps or located at a remote location. Each engine shall have an independent fuel tank adequately sized for 6 hours continuous running of the pump.
v) Fire water pump shall be located in a covered shed 100 M(Minimum) away from equipment or where hydrocarbons are handled or stored.
vi) Fire water pumps shall be exclusively used for fire fighting purpose only.
vii) Jockey Pumps of adequate capacity to maintain minimum pressure 7 kg / cm2 in fire water distribution network . The fire water system shall be kept on auto mode at a minimum pressure of 7 kg/cm2 at jetties where a tanker is berthed and/or the hydrocarbon lines are kept charged after loading/unloading. At jetties where flushing of hydrocarbon lines are done after each loading/unloading the fire water network need not be kept charged.
4.3.6FIRE WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
i) The fire water network shall be laid to ensure multi-directional flow in the system where possible. Isolation valves shall be provided in the network to enable isolation of any section of the network. The isolation valves shall be located normally near the loop junctions. Additional valves shall be provided in the segments where the length of the segment exceeds 300 meters.
ii) The fire water network piping should normally be laid above ground at a height of 300 mm to 400 mm above finished grade. However, the fire water network piping shall be laid below ground level at the following places:
a. Road crossings.
b. Places where the above ground piping is likely to cause obstruction to operation, vehicle movement and placed where the above ground piping is likely to get damaged mechanically.
iii)Where the pipes are laid underground the following protections shall be observed:
- The main shall have at least one metre earth cushion in open ground and 1.2 metre cushion under the roads.
- The mains shall be provided with protection against soil corrosion by suitable coating/wrapping.
- In case of poor soil conditions it may be necessary to provide concrete / masonary /supports under the pipe.