Nominative and Genitive Cases
I. Nominative Case
A. Subject______
B. Predicate Nominative ______
C. After verbs of electing or creating:
Caesar has been elected consul.______
Augustus is chosen emperor.______
II. Genitive Case
A. Possession
1. Julia's house is nearest to the Forum.______
2. Flavia's hair is very pretty.______
3. The name of the dictator is long.______
B. Description
1. The emperor is a man of great virtue.______
2. The professor was a man of great knowledge.______
C. Genitive with Adjectives.
1. Hercules was skilled in fighting.______.
2. The man was desirous of money.______
3. Mary was full of grace.______
4. The student was mindful of the laws.______
Reason: peritus, cupidus, plenus, memor, particeps, avidus, conscius
D. Genitive of the Whole/Partitive Genitive
1. There is enough water in the jar.______
2. There is no wine on the table. ______
3. We walked two miles.______
cf. We walked a mile.______
4. They saw three thousand soldiers.______
cf. They saw a thousand soldiers.______
Reason: satis, nihil, more than one thousand
Exceptions: With cardinal numbers, ex, de, pauci, and quidam
use the ablative case instead (Ablative of Separation).
one of(from) the soldiers______
a few of the men ______cf. a few men______
certain ones of the students______
E. Objective Genitive
1. The love of money is the root of evil.______
2. the love of your country______3. the love of your mother______
F. Genitive of Definite Measurement
1. a ten-foot wall ______
2. a three-hour test______
G. Genitive of Indefinite Value
1. It is worthless.______
2. It is of such great importance.______
3. It is worthwhile.______
Reason: magni, tanti, parvi
H. Genitive after Verbs of Remembering and Forgetting Reason: memini, obliviscor
1. Forget murder and fire. ______
2. Do you remember his name?______
N.B. With words denoting things, the accusative case may be used instead.
To remember the past. Praeterita meminisse. I forgot that. ______
I. Genitive with Verbs of Judicial Action.
I condemn myself of inactivity and negligence.______
J. Genitive with Impersonal Verb. Follow this pattern: Accusative of the person who feels
and the genitive of the person to whom the feeling is directed.
1. I pity the sailor.______= It pities me of the sailor.
2. The children tire me.______
3. I am ashamed of his deed.______
Reason: miseret=______taedet=______, piget=______
paenitet=______, pudet=______
1. (Italia, Italiae, Italiam) est mea patria. ______
2. Caesar (dictator, dictatoris, dictatorem) creatus est.______
3. Mucius appellatus est (Scaevola, Scaevolae,Scaevolam)______
4. Populus Fabium (dictator, dictatoris, dictatorem) creavit.______
5. Nomen (mater, matris, matri) Gracchorum erat Cornelia.______
6. Catilina cupidus (imperium, imperi, imperio) erat.______
7. Cicero erat vir magnae (virtus, virtutis, virtute).______
8. Non est satis (aqua, aquae, aquam) in flumine.______
9. Ambulavimus mille (passus, passuum, passibus). ______
10. Cucurrimus sex milia (passus, passuum, passibus). ______
11. Pauci ex (viri, viris, viros) discesserunt. ______
12. Duo ex (amici, amicos, amicis) eum servaverunt. ______
13. Amor (mater, matris, matri) est fortis. ______
14. four-foot wall murus quattuor (pedibus, pedes, pedum)______
15. It is worthless. Est (parvum, parvi, parvo). ______
16. Obliviscere (timor, timorem, timoris). ______
17. Oblita est (multi, multa, multis). ______
18. Miseret me (puer, pueri, puerum) ______
19. Paenitet me (factum, facti, facto). ______
20. Croesus erat clarus (rex, regis, regi) ______
21. Tullia facta est (regina, reginae, reginam). ______
22. Nomen (dictator, dictatoris, dictatori) erat Cincinnatus.______
23. Imperator erat vir (sapientia, sapientiae, sapientiam).______
24. Maria erat femina plena (gratia, gratiae, gratiam).______
25. Sempronia erat memor (caedis, caedi, caedem). ______
26. Erat nihil (loquendi, loquendo, loquendum) in classe.______
27. Sallustius erat peritus (scribendi,scribendo, scribendum)______
28. Unus ex (milites, militum, militibus) mortuus est. ______
29. Piget nos (liberi, liberorum, liberis) ______
30. Amor (pecunia, pecuniae, pecuniam) est malus. ______
Beggarly Elements - Dative Case
A. Dative - Indirect object. After verbs of giving, showing, or telling.
Nauta aquam amico dabat. Femina picturam matri monstravit.
B. Dative with Adjectives: Define these:
amicus______similis______proximus______
idoneus______inimicus______par______
Sara is like her mother.______
Gaul is next to Switzerland. ______
C. Dative with Special Verbs: Define these:
confido______credo______faveo______impero______
noceo______persuadeo______parco______pareo______
placeo______resisto______servio______studeo______
licet(impersonal) ______
Imperator persuadit militibus ut pugnarent.______
Populus studuit novis rebus.______
Marcus and Lucius, do not harm the horses!______
The soldiers have been commanded to obey the leader.______
D. Dative with Compound Verbs:
infero______Romani bellum hostibus intulerunt.
occurro______In via Marco occurrimus.
praesum______Labienus exercitui praeerat.
praepono______Caesar Labienum(acc) militibus praeposuit.
praeficio______Magister discipulum operi praefecit.
E. Dative of Possession. Gladius est mihi.______
I have a new car.______Mihi nomen est______
F. Dative of Agent. USED WITH PASSIVE PERIPHRASTICS!
Carthago delenda est Romanis.______
Agendum est mihi.______Eundum est nobis. ______
Pugnandum erat nobis.______
N.B. To avoid ambiguity, a(ab) with the ablative is sometimes used.
Hostibus a nobis parcendum est. The enemy must be spared by us.
G. Double Dative. Combination of Dative of Purpose (reason) and Dative of Reference (for whom)
Murus nobis aedificandus est praesidiourbi.______
Gladius erit auxiliomiliti.______
Salus populi curaeAugusto erat.______
Genitive and Dative Practice
I. Choose the correct form
1. He remembers my name. Meminit (mei nominis, meum nomen, meo nomini).
2. Forget fire. Obliviscere (ignis, igni, ignem).
3. Caesar erat peritus _____. (loquendi, loqui, locutus).
4. Vir erat cupidus ______. (pecunia, pecuniae, pecuniam)
5. Est in urna satis _____. (aqua, aquae, aquam)
6. Est in piscina nihil _____. (aqua, aquae, aquam)
7. Ambulavi mille ______. (passus, passuum)
8. Ambulavisti duo milia ______. (passus, passuum)
9. Duo ex______in proelio pugnabant. (milites, militibus)
10. a ten-foot wall murus decem (pes, pedes, pedum)
11. (Italia, Italiae, Italiam) est mea patria.
12. Caesar (dictator, dictatoris, dictatorem) creatus est.
13. Mucius appellatus est (Scaevola, Scaevolae,Scaevolam)
14. Populus Fabium (dictator, dictatoris, dictatorem) creavit.
15. Catilina cupidus (imperium, imperi, imperio) erat.
16. Cicero erat vir magnae (virtus, virtutis, virtute).
17. Pauci ex (viri, viris, viros) discesserunt.
18. Duo ex (amici, amicos, amicis) eum servaverunt.
19. Amor (mater, matris, matri) est fortis.
20. It is worthless. Est (parvum, parvi, parvo).
21.Miseret me (puer, pueri, puerum)
22. Paenitet me (factum, facti, facto).
23. Maria erat femina plena (gratia, gratiae, gratiam).
24. Sallustius erat peritus (scribendi,scribendo, scribendum)
25. Unus ex (milites, militum, militibus) mortuus est.
25. Piget nos (liberi, liberorum, liberis)
1. suitable for a camp idoneus_____ a. castrorum b. castris c. ad castra d. pro castra
2. enough money satis ______a. pecunia b. pecuniae c. pecuniam d. pecunia
3. many miles multa milia _____ a. passus b. passuum c. passibus d. passui
4. a three-foot wall murus ____ a. pes tres b. pedum trium c. pedibus tribus d. cum pedibus tribus
5. unfriendly to his sister inimicus ____ a. sororum b. sororibus c. sorori d. ad sororem
6. no money nihil ______a. pecunia b. pecuniae c. pecuniam d. pecunia
7. obey your teachers Pare _____ a. magistri b. magistro c. magistrum d. magistris
8. The lieutenant has placed the soldier in command of the legion Legatus ______praefecit
a. legionis militem b. legioni militem c. legionis militi d. legionem militi
9. Oregtorix (novae rei, novis rebus, novas res) studuit.
10. Haec castra (praesidium, praesidio, praesidi) urbi est.
11. (Marcus, Marci, Marce), noli terrere (equi, equis, equos)!
12. Catilina (coniuratio, coniurationis, coniurationi) praepositus est.
13. Noli credere (equus, equum, equo).
14. Caesar (Labieno, Labienum, Labieni) legioni praeposuit.
15. Liberi, nolite nocere (parentes, parentibus, parentium).
16. Gallia est proxima (Helvetia, ad Helvetiam, Helvetiae). Gaul is next to Switzerland.
17. Orgetorix studebat ( novae res, novas res, novis rebus). Orgetorix was eager for a revolution.
18. Gladius est (ego, meum, mihi).
19. Murus aedificatus est (praesidium urbis, praesidio urbi, praesidio urbis).
20. Gladius erit (auxilium, auxilio, auxili) militi.
Beggarly Elements - Accusative Case
1. Direct Object. I saw ______. I love ______.
2. Inner Object (Two Accusatives). Some verbs of asking, demanding, or teaching
take two accusatives, one of the person and the other of the thing.
Brutum hoc moneo.______
Sextum responsum rogavi.______
(N.B. peto and postulo usually take ab, and quaero takes ab, de, or ex with the
ablative of the person).
Fur pecuniam a patre postulavit.______
Puella auxilium a matre petivit.______
3. Accusative of Duration of Time/ Extent of Space.
paucos annos______mille passus______sex horas______
tria milia passuum______quattuor milia passuum______
multos dies______for a few days______for two hours______
We walked five miles.______
4. Accusative as Object of Prepositions. Cucurri ad ______; per______;inter______
5. Accusative of Exclamation. O tempora! O mores!______O me miseram!______
6. Accusative, Subject of the Infinitive in Indirect Discourse.
Puto milites venire.______
Scio milites venisse.______
Putavimus milites venire.______
Scivimus milites venisse.______
Spero milites venturos esse.______
Speravi milites venturos esse.______
I know that the answer is correct.______
We knew that he was coming.______
He thought that I was driving the car.______
He said that he had finished the work.______
I hope that we will go soon.______
He said that we would help.______
7. Greek Middle Voice. Accusative of Specification.
In poetry many passive verbs, in imitation of Greek usage,are employed as Middles, that is,
they retain traces of a reflexive meaning and act upon a part of themselves.
velatus tempora = having veiled his temples
(velatus is a passive participle with an active meaning and acts upon a part of one's self)
nodo sinus collecta______
manus vinctus______
nuda genu(acc) = bare to the knees
8. Dates. Kalends = 1st of month; Nones= 5th or 7th; Ides= 13th or 15th
(Nones and Ides come on the 7th and 13th of March, May, July, October)
ante diem decimum Kalendas Decembres = November 22
ante diem tertium Nonas Decembres=______Your birthday:______
a.d. V Kal. Ian.=______Homecoming:______
a.d. III Non. Apr.=______
The day before any of the three divisions is expressed in Latin by the word pridie followed
by the accusative.
pridie Kalendas Ianuarias= December 31 pridie Nones Ianuarias=______
If the English date falls exactly on the division, the date is considered an ablative of time.
Idibus Martiis= March 15 Kalendis Maiis=______
The Beggarly Elements - Ablative Case
The Ablative Case is used to express three different relations: 1. From 2. With 3. Where or at
I. Ablative Place from Which is used with de, ex, or ab.
(Nota Bene: Names of towns and domo regularly omit the preposition. If the preposition is used,
it means "from the vicinity of." ex oppido ______de caelo______
We shall depart from Tulsa soon.______
II. Ablative of Separation is used with ab, de, or ex and such verbs as defendo, libero, and prohibeo.
With persons a preposition is regularly used. Labienus proelio abstinebat.______
Romani oppidum ab hostibus defenderunt.______
III. Ablative of Source or Origin. The participles natus and ortus take the ablative usually
without a preposition. Amplissimo genere natus est.______
IV. Ablative of Material is used with ex to denote the material. Naves factae sunt ex robore.______
V. Ablative of Agent requires these three elements:
P______,P______,P______.
The preposition a or ab will be used. Oppidum a Caesare captum est______
The letter was written by my friend.______.
VI. Ablative of Means is expressed without a preposition. The letter was written with stylus.______
VII. Ablative with Adjectives. Adjectives, such as dignus,indignus, liber, nudus, and vacuus,
take the ablative without a preposition. Catilina poena dignus est.______
The senate was empty of speakers.______
VIII. Ablative of Specification or Respect is used to specify in what respect a statement is true.
Romani Gallos virtute praecedunt.______
Girls are greater in intelligence.______
IX. Ablative of Manner. The preposition cum is optional if an adjective is present.
cum celeritate______magna cum diligentia______
cum virtute______summa laude______
X. Ablative of Description. Use the ablative regularly for physical qualities.
homines inimico animo______vir magna altitudine______
XI. Ablative of Accompaniment. Use cum. Veni mecum.______
The boy was walking with his father.______
XII. Ablative of Time When or Within.aestate______hieme______
tribus annis______duobus horis______
XIII. Ablative with Deponents. List the vocabulary entry for these verbs:
utor ______=______fruor ______=______
fungor ______=______potior ______=______
vescor ______=______
Utere stylo in tabulis.______
Esne fructus carmine?______
Aves carne hominum vescebantur.______
XIV. Ablative of Degree of Difference.
multo post______paulo post______a little before______
duobus pedibus altior______duobus annis post______
XV. Ablative Place Where. Nota Bene: Names of towns in 1st and 2nd declension sing. and domus, humus, and rus use the locative case instead.
Ablative: in Italia______in aqua______
Locative: in Rome = Romae on the ground=humi at home = domi
in Corinth = Corinthi in the country=ruri
But..... in Athens = Athenis because it is ablative, not locative, since Athenae is 1st declension plural.
..... in Carthage = Carthagine because it is ablative since Carthago is 3rd declension.
XVI. Ablative of Comparison.
When quam is used after a comparative, it is followed by the same case as the noun to which it is
compared. When quam would followed by the nominative or accusative case, it may be omitted and the
following noun is placed in the ablative case.
Ei sunt humaniores quam ceteri (nominative because it is compared to ei).
or ceteris (abl. of comparison when quam is omitted).
Hic mons est altior than that one. quam ______or simply______
XVII. Ablative with Verbs of plenty and want. Compleo and careo take the ablative.
Populus caruit (food)______.
XVIII. Opus est and usus est take the dative of the person who wants and the abl. of the thing wanted.
Mihi auxilio tuo opus est.______
The leader needs the help of the plebs.______
Ablative Practice
A. Circle the correct word to complete the phrase.
1. suitable for a camp idoneus___a. castrorum b. castris c. ad castra d. pro castra
2. enough money satis ---- a. pecunia b. pecuniae c. pecuniam d. pecunia
3. He departed from the city Discessit_____ a. urbem b. ad urbem c. ex urbe d. urbis
4. worthy of praise dignus ____ a. laus b. laudis c. laudi d. laude
5. men braver than boys viri fortiores_____ a. quam pueros b. pueros c. pueri d. pueris
6. men braver than boys viri fortiores quam____ a. pueri b. puerorum c. pueros d. pueris
7. much more easily _____ facilius a. magis b. multum c. multo d. maxime
8. they use books utuntur ______a. libri b. librorum c. libros d. libris
9. difficult to do difficile _____ a. facere b. ad faciendum c. factu d. fecisse
10. many miles multa milia _____ a. passus b. passuum c. passibus d. passui
11. We need a leader. Opus est nobis ______a. dux b. ducis c. duce d. ducem
12. from Rome to Athens
a. a Roma ad Athenas b. Roma ad Athenas c. Roma Athenas c. a Roma Athenas
13. at Rome a. Roma b. Romae c. Romam d. Roma
14. within three years a. tres annos b. tres anni c. tribus annis
15. at home a. domus b. domi c. domum d. domo
16. for two hours a. duae horae b. duarum horarum c. duabus horis d. duas horas
17. He ran with great speed. Cucurrit ______
a. magna celeritas b. magnae celeritati c. magna celeritate d. magnae celeritatis
18. he ordered me to remain Iussit me ____
a. manere b. ut maneam c. ad manendum d. ut manerem
19. he ordered me to remain Imperavit mihi ____
a. manere b. ut maneam c. ad manendum d. ut manerem
20. men desirous of peace viri cupidi _____ a. pax b. pacis c. pacem d. paci
21. men wish to enjoy peace viri _____frui volunt a. pax b. pacis c. pacem d. paci
22. the soldier wounded by the arrow miles _____vulneratus
a. cum sagitta b. a sagitta c. sagitta d. sagittam
23. the soldier wounded by the enemy miles _____vulneratus
a. cum hoste b. a hoste c. hoste d. hostem
24. obey your mother Pare _____ a. matris b. matri c. matrem d. matre
25. born from a god natus______a. deus b. dei c. deum d. deo
26. a chest made from oak cista ______facta a. e robore b. robur c. roboris d. robori
27. two of the consuls duo ____ a. consules b. consulum c. consulibus d. e consulibus
28. come as quickly as possible veni ___ a. celerrime b. celerius c. quam celerrime d. celeriter
29. He is lacking food. Caret ______a. cibus b. cibi c. cibum d. cibo
30. a three-foot wall murus ____
a. pes tres b. pedum trium c. pedibus tribus d. cum pedibus tribus
31. men freed from fear viri ______
a. metus liberatus b. metum liberatum c. metu liberati d. metum liberatos
32. He used a sword. Usus est _____ a. gladius b. gladi c. gladium d. gladio
33. the lieutenant placed in command of the legion legatus ______
a. legionis praefectus b. legioni praeficiens c. legioni praefectus d. legionem praefectam
34. a man with great height vir ______
a. magna altitudo b. magnae altitudinis c. magnam altitudinem d. magna altitudine
35. These students are greater in courage. Hi discipuli maiores sunt ______
a. virtus b. virtuti c. virtutem d. virtute
Beggarly Elements Comprehensive Test 1
1. Catilina ______studebat. novam rem novis rebus novas res novae res
Dat - Spec. Verbs Dat-Comp. Verbs Acc-Direct Object
2. We must go. ______eundum est. Nos Nobis Nostrum A nobis
Nominative Dative of Agent Ablative of Agent
3. Cicero _____imperavit ut excederet. Catilinae Catilinam Catilina ad Catilinam
Acc.-D.O. Dat.w/Adj. Dat w/Spec. Verbs Abl. of Agent
4. love for gold amor _____ aurum auri auro
Gen. of Poss. Objective Gen. Dat w/Adj. Acc-Motion to
5. in Athens= Athenis Athenarum Athenae Athenas
Locative Abl. Place Where Acc.Place to
6. ten miles decem ______mille passus milia passibus milia passuum
Abl.Deg. of Diff. Gen of Whole Gen.w/Adjectives
7. He has no children. Nulli liberi sunt _____. eius ei eum is
Nom. Gen.of Poss. Dat. of Poss. Abl. of Sep.
8. Caesar ______creatus est. consul consulis consulem consule
Nom. Acc-DO Abl. Abs. Gen.of Descrip.
9. Pauci ______Romam venerunt. equitum ex equitibus ad equites equitibus
10. Ille vir est peritus ______. bellum belli bello bella
Gen. w/Adj Dat w/Adj Abl w/Adj Gen of Descrip.
11. Ne ______obliviscamur. Cicero Ciceronis Ciceroni Ciceronem Cicerone
Acc-DO Gen w/Verbs Dat w/Spec Verbs Abl. Of Sep.
12. ______memini. his rebus haec illos illis
13. He is weary of life. ______taedet. eius vitam eum vita eo vitam eum vitae
14. Manebit ______. duos dies duobus diebus duabus horis
15. in Rome= Roma Romae Romam
Locative Abl. Place Where Acc. Place to
16. to eat the food ______vesci cibum cibo cibi ciborum
Acc-DO Abl w/Deponents Gen.of Poss. Dat w/SpecVerbs
17. Agricola satis ______non habet. pecunia pecuniae pecuniam pecuniis
Dat w/Adj Gen of Whole Acc-DO
18. Ille vir est dignus _____. praemium praemi praemio praemia
19. Patria mea mihi ______carior est. quam vitam vita vitae quam vitae
20. We need a leader. Nobis ______opus est. dux duci ducis duce
21. Cucurrimus ______domum celerius perveniremus. ne ut non qui quo
22. a three-foot wall murus ______tres pedes trium pedum tribis pedibus
23. Cornelius ______altior quam soror sua est. unus pes unius pedis uni pedi uno pede
Gen of Descrip Abl of Comp Abl Deg. of Diff. Gen of Desc.
24. Ludus ______idoneus erit. meis filiis meos filios meorum filiorum
Gen w/Adj Dat w/Adj Dat w/SpecVerbs Abl w/Adj.
25. We saw a river of great depth. Flumen ______vidimus.
altitudo magna altitudini magnae altitudine magna
26. Milites _____uti non poterant. gladii gladios gladiis gladiorum
27. Pare ______. tuum patrem tuo patri tuo patre tui patris