Human Anatomy and Physiology

Course Syllabus

Joseph C. Allen

KenmoreEastHigh School

OVERVIEW

Anatomy and Physiology Honors

Grade:11-12 Honors

Exam:Local

Prerequisites:

Chemistry, or may be taken concurrently with Chemistry; Regents/Honors Biology with a grade of 85% or better (preferably 90%). Self motivation is critical as is attendance. This rigorous course is designed to give students a college level experience in a lab course required for entry into medically oriented courses of study such as Physician’s Assistant, pre-Med, pre-Dental, pre-Vet, Occupational and Physical Therapy and Nursing. Superior students, who are interested in receiving college level instruction, regardless of their intended major, are encouraged to take this course. Overall emphasis is on holistic and preventative medicine along with fitness and high activity lifestyles. General pathology is explored as it relates to topics covered. Specimen dissection is required. At most colleges, students may opt to test out of anatomy and physiology and receive college credit.

Offering:Yearly

Evaluations:Lab and Lecture Tests of equal value-100% of grade

Sequencing: pH, basic chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry

Cellular anatomy and physiology, mitosis, cell cycle, DNA/RNA, cellular chemistry, plasma membrane, pathology of cancer

Tissues and histology, skin anatomy and physiology, skin diseases and cancer

Skeletal system anatomy and physiology, Ca++ uptake, skeletal pathology

Muscular system anatomy and physiology, chemistry of contractions

Nervous system anatomy and physiology, CNS, ANS, synaptic transmission, brain, cranial nerves, neurotransmitters, pyschophysiological disorders

Special senses, optic, otic, olfactory, equilibrium

Endocrine system, biochemistry of hormone action, hormone pathology

Reproductive system/fetal development, meiosis, hormone actions

Respiratory system, gas laws, chemistry of gas exchange, pulmonary diseases

Cardiovascular system/lymphatic system, blood chemistry, hemostasis, vascular tissue, exercise physiology and fitness, cardiovascular pathology

Urinary system, renal thresholds, urinary chemistry, urinary pathology

Digestive system, metabolism of organic molecules, gastric and intestinal physiology

DETAILS

Course: Human Anatomy and Physiology

Instructor: Joseph C. Allen

Prerequisites: Honors biology and chemistry (may be taken concurrently) or consent from the instructor; it is highly recommended that the students taking this class have a high degree of motivation and academic skill.

Course Description: This course represents a two semester study of the systematic topics in Human Anatomy and Physiology. The major emphasis of study is structural and functional biology of the human. The molecular-cellular approach early in the course served as the basis for body-system study through the major portion of the year. This course will have 5 lecture meetings per week plus 1 lab period per 6 day cycle. There is heavy concentration on pathophysiology as well as normal homeostasis. Preventative methodology as well at treatment regimens are also covered with respect to disease.

Special lab equipment considerations:

Histological slides, human models of various system, skeleton kits, wall diagrams, preserved tissue specimens, dissection specimens (cats, cow eyes, sheep hearts, sheep brains, animal kidneys) and implements, as well as models, skeletons, and multiple anatomical charts are on hand and will be purchased as needed. Students provide their own lab coats and gloves.

Course Objectives:

Upon completion of this course, students will:

  1. obtain an understanding of the fundamentals of human anatomy and physiology
  2. understand the functions of the human body are based on an integration of properly operating systems which are influenced by external and internal environmental conditions
  3. understand many of the advances made in the knowledge of structural components and the biochemical process in the living body.
  4. be familiar with scientific methods and observations
  5. have a solid framework for further laboratory/clinical experience and advance study
  6. have acquired concise reading and speech skills enabling them to communicate principles of structure and function of the human to others

Course Objectives (continued):

  1. have performed lab activities for collection and/or analysis of experimental data to reinforce and demonstrate origin of current theory or dogma
  2. have acquired an awareness of current issues is science and medicine for making effective social and legal decisions as a citizen
  3. have effectively participated in development of good physical and mental health through a better understanding of the human body
  4. have learned the systematically and logically apply the basic principles of human anatomy and physiology to complex problems of both normal and abnormal natures

The following is the proposed course topic for the year by subject:

Lecture topicLaboratory topic

Introduction to the basic chemistrylab methods/microscope

Basic biochemistry, the cellcell chemistry/planes of body

Cell anatomy/physiology, mitosis, Mitosis/DNA/RNA

DNA/RNA

Gene activityHistology

Histology/IntegumentHistology

Skeletal Tissue/Axial SkeletonSkeleton

Appendicular Skeleton/ArticulationSkeleton

Muscular TissueMuscles

Contraction physiology/movementMuscles

Nervous Tissue/physiologyNervous System

Synaptic Transmission/brainNervous system

Brain/Cranial vervesNervous system

Spinal cord/neural pathwaysNervous system

Autonomic nervous systemNervous system

Special sensesEye/ear/nose/tongue/skin

Endocrine systemEndocrine system

Male ReproductionMale Reproduction

Female ReproductionFemale Reproduction

Sexual reproductionChild birth process

Circulation systemCirculation system

Lymphatic system/AIDSLymphatics

Respiration systemRespiration

Urinary systemUrinary system

Fluid/electrolyte balanceUrinary/Buffer system

Digestion systemDigestion

Proposed Grading system: Students will be given 3-6quarterlylecture and lab exams announced at least one week in advance. Projects will be accomplished and included in the classroom grade. Each unit will have both a lecture and lab evaluation. Lab tests are practical in nature and are valued equally to the lecture exams. The final exam is valued at 20% of the final grade and will be comprehensive in nature. Grade data will be stored and analyzed on grading data base.

Texts:

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 10th edition, by Tortora and Anagnostakos. John Wiley and Son Publishing, 2003.

Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, 7th edition, by Elaine Marieb. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, 2002.

The Anatomy and Physiology Coloring Book

Core Key Ideas 1-7 from New York Standard 4:

Key Idea 1- would describe and explain the structures and functions of the human body at different organizational levels (cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms). This will be interwoven in every unit.

Key Idea 2-during the unit on human development, we will explain how certain traits are inherited in such a manner that the offspring resemble the parents.

Key Idea 3- will show how the human body changes over time (development) during the reproduction unit and also compare the bones and organs of modern man with that of humans and other organism throughout time.

Key idea 4- will see how humans and cells of the body reproduce during the unit on cells that the unit on reproduction.

Key Idea 5- will see how homeostasis and maintaining a dynamic equilibrium is woven into every aspect of a cell, organ, tissue, organ system, and organism function (encompasses multiple units).

Key Idea 6- will study the factors that limit growth of humans, how the human body fits into the circle of life (Reproduction Unit, Endocrine Unit, among others).

Key Idea 7- will study how carcinogens drugs, and pollutants (created by humans) have effects on our body and will use case studies throughout the units to discover this.

Course outline for Anatomy and Physiology with the Core Curricular Standards they meet:

IIntroduction: (1.2a, 1.2b, 1.2c, 1.2d)

  1. Functions of life

1. Life Process/Functions/Organization

2. Metabolism/Homeostasis

B. Structure of Living Organisms

1. Cell theory

2. Cell organelles

3. Cell specialization

4. Cell transport

C. Anatomical References/Clinical Terminology

1. Superficial anatomy

2. Sectional anatomy

II Chemical Organization

  1. Atomic structure/bonding
  2. Chemical notation
  3. Organic/Inorganic compounds
  4. Relationship to living cells

III.Cellular organization (1.2g. 1.2f, 5.1d, 1.3d, 2.1k, 1.2g,)

  1. Cell membrane
  2. Basic cell structure/function
  3. Organelle function

IV.Tissue Organization (1.2a, 1.2b, 1.2e)

  1. Epithelial tissue
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Membranes
  4. Muscle tissue
  5. Neural tissue
  6. Aging and tissue

V. Integumentary System(1.2b)

A. Epidermis

B. Dermis

C. Subcutaneous

1. Hair

2. Glands

3. Nails

D. Control

E. Aging and integumentary system

VI. Osseous Tissue (1.2b)

  1. Structure of bone
  2. Bone development
  3. Nature of bone
  4. Skeletal elements
  5. Integration with other systems

VII. Skeletal System (know all the bone and muscle attachment sites) (1.2b)

  1. Skull
  2. Facial
  3. Change in structure with age
  4. Vertebral column
  5. Thoracic
  6. Pectoral girdle
  7. Upper limbs
  8. Lower limbs
  9. Phalanges

VIII. Articulations (1.2b)

  1. Types of joints
  2. Form/function
  3. Specific joint

IX. Muscle Tissue (1.2b)

  1. Skeletal
  2. Contraction/physiology of
  3. Muscles of the body
  4. Skeletal
  5. Smooth
  6. Cardiac
  7. Mechanics/physics of

X. Neural Tissue (1.2b, 1.2j, 5.3a, 5.3b)

A. Neurons

1. Structure

2. Function

3. Action potential

4. Synapses

B. Spinal Cord/Peripheral Nerves

1. Reflexes

2. Patterns

C. Brain/cranial nerves

1. Meninges

2. Cerebral spinal fluid

3. Cerebrum

4. Pons

5. Medulla oblongata

6. Cranial nerves (use sheep brain to identify)

D. Integrative Functions (1.2c, 1.2d, 1.2b, 1.2j, 5.3a, 5.3b)

1. Pathway

2. Brain Activity

3. High order functions

4. Brain chemistry/behavior

E. Autonomic Nervous System (1.2b, 1.2j, 5.3a, 5.3b)

1. Sympathetic

2. Parasympathetic

3. Interactions

F. Sensory Functions (1.2b, 1.2j, 5.3a, 5.3b)

1. Eye

2. Ear-physics of hearing

3. Taste

4. Touch

5. Olfactory

XI. Endocrine System (5.3b, 1.2j)

  1. Feedback loops
  2. Different types of hormones
  3. Endocrine glands/secretions/functions
  4. Pituitary
  5. Thyroid
  6. Parathyroid
  7. Thymus
  8. Kidneys
  9. Heart
  10. Pineal
  11. Pancreas
  12. Gonads
  13. Interactions between (5.2a)

XII. Blood/Circulation (1.2b, 5.2d, 5.2a-j)

  1. Composition of Blood
  2. Plasma
  3. Formed elements
  4. Homeostasis
  5. Heart
  6. Dynamics of heart-ECG EKG
  7. Blood vessels-physiology of
  8. Types of circulation

XIII. Respiratory System (1.2b)

  1. Organization
  2. Upper Respiratory tract
  3. Lower respiratory tract
  4. Gas exchange
  5. Boyle’s law
  6. Control of respiration

XIV. Lymphatic System (5.2a, 5.2b, 5.2c, 5.2d, 5.2e, 5.2f5.2f, 5.2g, 5.2h, 5.2I, 5.2j)

  1. Vessels of lymphatic system
  2. Tissues
  3. Organs
  4. Defenses
  5. Immune Response
  6. WBC
  7. t-cells
  8. b-cells
  9. Antigens/antibodies
  1. Disorders
  2. AIDS
  3. Allergies
  4. Stress

XV. Digestive System (1.2b, 1.2h, 5.1c, 5.1g, 5.1f)

  1. Digestive Tract
  2. Pharynx
  3. Esophagus
  4. Small Intestine/Large Intestine
  5. Accessory Organs
  6. Digestion/Absorption
  7. Lipids
  8. Proteins
  9. Carbohydrates

XVI. Urinary System (1.2b, 5.2a, 1.2g, 1.3d, 2.1k)

  1. Kidneys
  2. Renal Physiology
  3. Urine Transport
  4. Elimination
  5. Fluid/Electrolyte Balance
  6. Disturbances/disorders

XVII. Reproduction/Development (2.1e, 4.1c, 4.1e, 4.1b, 4.1d, 4.1g, 4.1f, 4.1h)

  1. Male
  2. Testes
  3. Spermatogenesis
  4. Accessory glands
  5. Semen
  6. Penis
  7. Hormones
  8. Disorders/tests
  9. Female
  10. Ovaries
  11. Oogenesis
  12. Uterine tubes
  13. Uterus
  14. Vagina
  15. Hormones
  16. Menstrual cycle
  17. Disorders/tests
  18. Sexual Functions
  19. Aging
  20. Development
  21. Conception->birth

XVIII. Integration of all systems (1.2c, 1.2d)

  1. Homeostasis/disruptions of Homeostasis/Pathophysiology