MODEL RULES
for
NATIONAL ANTI-DOPING ORGANIZATIONS
Version 3.0
(Based upon the
2015 Code)
February 2014
Model Rules for National Anti-Doping Organizations
These Model Rules reflect the World Anti-Doping Code (the "Code") and its related International Standardsin force as from 1 January 2015. They have been drafted pursuant to Article 23.2 of the Code to help National Anti-Doping Organizationsto implement the Codeand the International Standards in their respective countries, as an essential part of the National Anti-Doping Organizations’ mission in the fight against doping.
The attention of each National Anti-Doping Organization is drawn to the clauses in these Model Rules that must in all circumstances be reproduced without substantive change in the National Anti-Doping Organization’s Anti-Doping Rules. Such clauses (specified in Article 23.2.2 of the Code) are highlighted in yellow in the text of the Model Rules.
The commentary that accompanies those clauses in the Code has also been includedin these Model Rules. ANational Anti-Doping Organizationmay elect not to set out these comments in full in its Anti-Doping Rules, but in that case Article 23.2.2 of the Code requires that a clause be included in the Anti-Doping Rules statingthat the comments to the Codeare deemed to be part ofthe Anti-Doping Rules and shall be used to interpret the Anti-Doping Rules. See Article 20.6 of these Model Rules, which proposes alternative formulations, depending on which option is chosen.
The following are highlighted in blue in the text of the Model Rules: (i) certain optional clauses; (ii) certain situations where the National Anti-Doping Organizationis able to choose between alternative options; (iii) notes to the drafter; and (iv) paragraphs to be completed by each National Anti-Doping Organization. Specific places where the general acronym [NADO] has to be replaced with the name of the National Anti-Doping Organizationin question are noted with brackets.
Other clauses in these Model Rules can be amended or reworded to best fit the National Anti-Doping Organization's needs, but the substance of the original clause must be maintained. For example, it is recognized that different wording may be required in some non-verbatim articles depending on whether the National Anti-Doping Organization has been established through legislation, policy or private law (or a combination thereof), and on whether it is an arm of the government, a National Olympic Committee (NOC), part of a sports confederation, or an independent organization.
Subject to the optional clauses and other clauses where the National Anti-Doping Organization's input is required, WADA recommends that the Model Rules be adopted verbatim, so as to eliminate possible uncertainties and difficulties of interpretation and simplify the work of all those engaged in the National Anti-Doping Organizations’ fight against doping.
These Model Rules are drafted on the basis that the national administrative body responsible for anti-doping is distinct from the hearing panels who determine cases and impose sanctions. It is recommended that all National Anti-Doping Organizations observe this distinction.
Finally, to put in place a fully operational national anti-doping program, in addition to adopting anti-doping rules based on the Model Rules,a National Anti-Doping Organization must also adopt supplementary procedural regulations based on the International Standards and on the related Guidelines published by WADA.
[NOTE: The introduction above is meant to assist National Anti-Doping Organizations to use the Model Rules while implementing the 2015 Code. It does not have to be reproduced in the National Anti-Doping Organization's rules.]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Preface
Fundamental Rationale for the Code and [NADO]'s Anti-Doping Rules
The National Anti-Doping Program
Scope of these Anti-Doping Rules
ARTICLE 1APPLICATION OF ANTI-DOPING RULES
ARTICLE 2DEFINITION OF DOPING - ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS
ARTICLE 3PROOF OF DOPING
ARTICLE 4THE PROHIBITED LIST
ARTICLE 5TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS
ARTICLE 6ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES
ARTICLE 7RESULTS MANAGEMENT
ARTICLE 8RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING
ARTICLE 9AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS
ARTICLE 10SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS
ARTICLE 11CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS
ARTICLE 12SANCTIONS AND COSTS ASSESSED AGAINST NATIONAL FEDERATIONS
ARTICLE 13APPEALS
ARTICLE 14CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING
ARTICLE 15APPLICATION AND RECOGNITION OF DECISIONS
ARTICLE 16INCORPORATION OF [NADO] ANTI-DOPING RULES AND OBLIGATIONS OF NATIONAL FEDERATIONS
ARTICLE 17STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS
ARTICLE 18[NADO] Compliance Reports to WADA
ARTICLE 19EDUCATION
ARTICLE 20AMENDMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF ANTI-DOPING RULES
ARTICLE 21INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE
ARTICLE 22ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETES AND OTHER PERSONS
APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS
APPENDIX 2 EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 10
[NADO]ANTI-DOPING RULES
INTRODUCTION
Preface
These Anti-Doping Rules are adopted and implemented in accordance with [NADO]'s responsibilities under the Code, and in furtherance of [NADO]'s continuing efforts to eradicate doping in sport in[name of the country].
These Anti-Doping Rules are rules governing the conditions under which sport is played.Aimed at enforcing anti-doping principles in a global and harmonized manner, they are distinct in nature from criminal and civil laws, and are not intended to be subject to or limited by any national requirements and legal standards applicable to criminal or civil proceedings. When reviewing the facts and the law of a given case, all courts, arbitral tribunals and other adjudicating bodies should be aware of and respect the distinct nature of theseAnti-Doping Rules implementing the Code and the fact that these rules represent the consensus of a broad spectrum of stakeholders around the world as to what is necessary to protect and ensure fair sport.
Fundamental Rationale for the Code and [NADO]'s Anti-Doping Rules
Anti-doping programs seek to preserve what is intrinsically valuable about sport. This intrinsic value is often referred to as "the spirit of sport". It is the essence of Olympism; the pursuit of human excellence through the dedicated perfection of each person’s natural talents. It is how we play true. The spirit of sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind, and is reflected in values we find in and through sport, including:
- Ethics, fair play and honesty
- Health
- Excellence in performance
- Character and education
- Fun and joy
- Teamwork
- Dedication and commitment
- Respect for rules and laws
- Respect for self and other Participants
- Courage
- Community and solidarity
Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport.
[OPTIONAL: National Anti-Doping Organizations may wish to insert here some commentary regarding their historical commitment to anti-doping].
The National Anti-Doping Program
[NADO] was established by [NOC/Government/Act of Parliament, etc] with the objective of acting as the independent National Anti-Doping Organization for [name of the country]. As such, [NADO] has the necessary authority and responsibility for:
- Planning, coordinating, implementing, monitoring and advocating improvements in Doping Control;
- Cooperating with other relevant national organizations, agencies and other Anti-Doping Organizations;
- Encouraging reciprocal Testing between National Anti-Doping Organizations;
- Planning, implementing and monitoring anti-doping information, education and prevention programs;
- Promoting anti-doping research;
- Vigorously pursuing all potential anti-doping rule violations within its jurisdiction, including investigating whether Athlete Support Personnel or other Persons may have been involved in each case of doping, and ensuring proper enforcement of Consequences;
- Conducting an automatic investigation of Athlete Support Personnel within its jurisdiction in the case of any anti-doping rule violation by a Minor and of any Athlete Support Personnel who has provided support to more than one Athlete found to have committed an anti-doping rule violation;
- Cooperating fully with WADA in connection with investigations conducted by WADA pursuant to Article 20.7.10 of the Code; and
- Where funding is provided, withholding some or all fundingto an Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel while he or she is serving a period of Ineligibility for violation of anti-doping rules.
[Comment: It is intended that there should be a National Anti-Doping Organization in each country, and that the National Anti-Doping Organization should be independent in operational decisions and activities from all public and sports movement bodies. The principle of independence underpins anti-doping programs worldwide and ensures the integrity of the anti-doping work].
Scope of these Anti-Doping Rules
The scope of application of these Anti-Doping Rules is set out in Article 1.
ARTICLE 1APPLICATION OF ANTI-DOPING RULES
1.1Application to [NADO]
These Anti-Doping Rules shall apply to [NADO].
1.2Application to NationalFederations
1.2.1 As a conditionof receiving financial and/or other assistance from the Government of [name of the country] and/or the National Olympic Committee of [name of the country], each National Federationof [name of the country]shall accept and abide by the spirit and terms of [name of the country's]National Anti-Doping Programand these Anti-Doping Rules,and shall incorporate these Anti-Doping Rules either directly or by reference into their governing documents, constitution and/or rules as part of the rules of sport that bind their members and Participants.
[Comment to Article 1.2.1: [NADO]shall work cooperatively with its Government and National Olympic Committee to ensure that recognition of [NADO] and acceptance and application of these Anti-Doping Rules represents a pre-condition to a National Federation's receipt of any financial and/or other assistance from the Government and/or the National Olympic Committee.]
1.2.2 By adopting these Anti-Doping Rules, and incorporating them into their governing documents and rules of sport, National Federations recognize the authority and responsibility of [NADO]for implementing the National Anti-Doping Program and enforcing these Anti-Doping Rules (including carrying out Testing) in respect of all of the Persons listed in Article 1.3 below who are under the jurisdiction of the National Federation, and shall cooperate with and support [NADO] in that function. They shall also recognize, abide by and give effect to the decisions made pursuant to these Anti-Doping Rules, including the decisions of hearing panels imposing sanctions on individuals under their jurisdiction.
1.3Application to Persons
[NOTE: Article 5.2.1 of the Code gives a National Anti-Doping Organization jurisdiction over all Athleteswho are nationals, residents, license-holders or members of sports organizations of its country or who are present in that country. Within that very broad pool of Athletes, the top tier of Athleteswill fall within their respective International Federations' definitions of International-Level Athletes. The National Anti-Doping Organization needs to identify which of the remaining Athleteswill be classified as National-Level Athletes (see Article 4.3 of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations). It should still retain the anti-doping jurisdiction conferred on it by the Code over all other Athletesin its country, so that it can test them and bring anti-doping rule violation proceedings against them in appropriate circumstances. However, in accordance with Article 4.3 of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, the main focus of a National Anti-Doping Organization's test distribution plan should be National-Level Athletes, and National-Level Athletesshould be prioritized in terms of provision of advance TUEs and collection of whereabouts information. As to other Athletes, the Code definition of Athlete states: “In relation to Athletes who are neitherInternational-Level nor National-Level Athletes, an Anti-Doping Organization may elect to: conduct limited Testing or no Testing at all; analyze Samples for less than the full menu of ProhibitedSubstances; require limited or no whereabouts information; or not require advance TUEs. However, if an Article 2.1 or Article 2.5 anti-doping rule violation is committed by any Athlete over whom an Anti-Doping Organization has authority who competes below the international or national level, then the Consequences set forth in the Code (except Article 14.3.2) must be applied. For purposes of Article 2.8 and Article 2.9 and for purposes of anti-doping information and education, any Person who competes in sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports organization accepting the Code is an Athlete".].
1.3.1These Anti-Doping Rules shall apply to the following Persons (including Minors), in each case, whether or not such Person is a national of or resident in [country]:
1.3.1.1all Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel who are members or license-holders of any National Federation in [country], or of any member or affiliate organization of any National Federation in [country](including any clubs, teams, associations or leagues);
1.3.1.2all Athletes and Athlete Support Personnelwho participate in such capacity in Events, Competitions and other activities organized, convened, authorized or recognized by any National Federation in [country], or by any member or affiliate organization of any National Federation in [country](including any clubs, teams, associations or leagues), wherever held;
1.3.1.3any other Athlete or Athlete Support Person or other Person who, by virtue of an accreditation, a licence or other contractual arrangement, or otherwise, is subject to the jurisdiction of any National Federation in [country], or of any member or affiliate organization of any National Federation in [country](including any clubs, teams, associations or leagues), for purposes of anti-doping;
1.3.1.4all Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel who participate in any capacity in any activity organized, held, convened or authorized by the organizer of a National Event or of a national league that is not affiliated with a National Federation; and
[Comment to Article 1.3.1: These organizing bodies shall be incorporated into the national anti-doping program.]
[NOTE: It may also be possible in some nations to extend this provision to persons using facilities and/or services provided by the Government, National Anti-Doping Organization and/or National Federations and members of National Federations.]
1.3.1.5all Athletes who do not fall within one of the foregoing provisions of this Article 1.3.1 but who wish to be eligible to participate in International Events or National Events (and such Athletes must be available for testing under these Anti-Doping Rules for at least [twelve][six] months before they will be eligible for such Events).
1.3.2These Anti-Doping Rules shall also apply to all other Persons over whom the Code gives [NADO] jurisdiction, including all Athletes who are nationals of or resident in [country], and all Athletes who are present in [country], whether to compete or to train or otherwise.
1.3.3Persons falling within the scope of Article 1.3.1 or 1.3.2 are deemed to have accepted and to have agreed to be bound by these Anti-Doping Rules, and to have submitted to the authority of [NADO] to enforce these Anti-Doping Rules and to the jurisdiction of the hearing panels specified in Article 8 and Article 13 to hear and determine cases and appeals brought under these Anti-Doping Rules, as a condition of their membership, accreditation and/or participation in their chosen sport.
1.4National-Level Athletes
[NOTE: The Code defines National-Level Athletesas:“Athletes who participate in sport at the national level, as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization, consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.”Article 4.3 of theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations states: “a National Anti-Doping Organization is free to determine the criteria it will use to classify Athletes asNational-Level Athletes. Again, it should make that determination in good faith, in accordance with its responsibility to protect the integrity of the sport at the national level … . Consequently, the definition should normally encompass all those who compete at the highest levels of national Competition in the sport in question, i.e., in national championships or other Events that determine or count towards determining who are the best in the country in the category/discipline in question, and/or who should be selected to represent the country in international-level Eventsor Competitions. It should also include those nationals of its country who generally or often compete at international level and/or in International Events or Competitions (rather than at national level) but who are not classified as International-Level Athletes by their International Federation”.]
1.4.1Of all of the Athletes falling within the scope of Article 1.3, the following Athletes shall be deemed National-Level Athletes for purposes of these Anti-Doping Rules:
1.4.1.1………….;
1.4.1.2………….;
1.4.1.3………….;
but if any such Athletes are classified by their respective International Federations as International-Level Athletes then they shall be considered International-Level Athletes (and not National-Level Athletes)for purposes of these Anti-Doping Rules as well.
1.4.2These Anti-Doping Rules apply to all Persons falling within the scope of Article 1.3. However, in accordance with Article 4.3 of the International Standard for Testingand Investigations, the main focus of [NADO's] test distribution plan will be National-Level Athletes and above.
ARTICLE 2DEFINITIONOF DOPING - ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS
Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violations set forth in Article 2.1 through Article 2.10 of these Anti-Doping Rules.
The purpose of Article 2is to specify the circumstances and conduct which constitute anti-doping rule violations. Hearings in doping cases will proceed based on the assertion that one or more of these specific rules have been violated.
Athletesor other Persons shall be responsible for knowing what constitutes an anti-doping rule violation and the substances and methods which have been included on the Prohibited List.
The following constitute anti-doping rule violations:
2.1Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete’sSample
2.1.1 It is each Athlete’s personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited Substance enters his or her body.Athletes are responsible for any Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found to be present in their Samples. Accordingly, it is not necessary that intent, Fault, negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated in order to establish an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.1.