Prestwick Academy Chemistry department
National 4/5 Unit 2 – Everyday consumer products Problem sheets
Revision questions
(N5)
1. Boron consists of two isotopes with mass number 10 and 11.
(a) Explain the meaning of the word isotope.
(b) Boron has the atomic number 5. How many neutrons are present in each isotope?
(c) If the relative atomic mass of boron is 10.8 which isotope is the most abundant?
2. Write the chemical formula for:
(a) sulphur trioxide (b) nitrogen(N4)
c) iron (III) oxide (d) magnesium nitrate(N5)
Carbohydrates (National 4)
1. A balanced diet should contain some carbohydrate, protein and fat. In the body what is the function of a carbohydrate?
2.
(a) Label the diagram of the plant below showing the reactants and products of photosynthesis.
(b) From the above diagram how do you know that photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction?
3. In the process of photosynthesis, plants use light energy to make carbohydrate.
(a) Name the pigment found in plants that absorbs light energy.
(b) Write a word equation for photosynthesis showing the two reactants and two products of the reaction.
4. Animals release energy from carbohydrates by the process known as respiration.
(a) Write a word equation for respiration.
(b) State the test (and result) for carbon dioxide.
(c) Explain how photosynthesis and respiration help to maintain a balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
5. Household sugar has the chemical name sucrose. Sucrose has the chemical formula, C12H22O11. From the formula of sucrose how would you know it was a carbohydrate?
Burning carbohydrates (National 4)
6. Carbohydrates are often used as fuels. Name the products formed when a carbohydrate is burned in a good supply of oxygen.
Analysis of carbohydrates (National 4)
7. Most sugars react with warm Benedict’s solution. Name a sugar which does not react with Benedict’s solution.
8. A solution containing two carbohydrates was tested with iodine solution and Benedict’s solution. The results were as follows:
Iodine solution: the iodine turned blue-black in colour.
Benedict’s solution: The Benedict’s turned orange/red.
The solution could have contained:
A Starch and glucoseB Starch and sucrose
C Glucose and maltose
D Fructose and sucrose
9. Which sugar will not be detected by Benedict’s solution?
A Fructose / B Glucose / C Maltose / D SucroseProducing alcohol (National 4)
10.
(a) Name the two products formed from the fermentation of glucose.
(b) Zymase is the enzyme used for fermentation. Where is it found?
(c) How is the alcohol, ethanol, separated from the fermentation mixture?
(d) Why is this method suitable for separating alcohol from water?
(e) Explain why the maximum percentage of alcohol obtained by fermentation is never more than about 15%.
(f) What method is used to increase the % of alcohol in high strength alcoholic drinks?
Alcohols/alkanols (National 5)
11.
(a) Name the two alkanols CH3CH2CH2OH and CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
(b) Draw the full structural formula of:
(i) butan-1-ol (ii) 2 methylpropan-2-ol (iii) 2,3 dimethyl pentan-2-ol
12. Draw the full and shortened structural formula for the following alcohol molecules:
(a) ethanol (b) hexan-3-ol (c) butan-2-ol (d) 2 methyl pentan-3-ol
13. Ethan-1,2-diol is an alcohol widely used as a deicer. It has the following full structural formula.
(a) Which functional group identifies ethan-1,2-diol as an alcohol.
(b) What makes ethan-1,2-diol different to normal alcohols.
(c) Using ethan-1,2-diol to help you, draw the full structural formula for propan-1,2,3-diol.
14. Butan-1-ol can be made by the hydration of an alkene.
(a) Name and draw the full structural formula for the alkene hydrated to make butan-1-ol.
(b) Draw 2 isomers of butan-1-ol.
(c) Suggest a suitable use for butan-1-ol.
15. Some examples of alkanols are shown below:
(c) Name the following alkanol
(d) Draw the full structural formula for butan-2-ol.
Carboxylic acids/alkanoic acids (National 5)
16.Name the following alkanoic acids
(a) HCOOH (b) CH3CH2COOH
17. Draw full structural formula for the following:
(a) ethanoic acid (b) pentanoic acid
18. Identify from the following organic compounds, the molecules that are part of the carboxylic acid homologous series.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(e) CH3CH3(f) CH3CHCHCH3
19. A diacid is an organic acid with a carboxyl functional group at both ends.
Draw the full structural formula for ethan-1,2,dioc acid.
Esters (National 5)
20. Identify from the following organic compounds, the molecules that are part of the ester homologous series.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(e) CH3CH3(f) CH3CHCHCH3
Past paper questions
28. Hydroxy acids are compounds that contain both a hydroxyl group and a carboxylic acid group within the same molecule.
Hydroxy acid Lactone
These compounds are able to form cyclic esters called lactones.
(a) On the hydroxyl acid shown above circle both the hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups.
(b) On the lactone shown above circle the ester functional group.
(c) The above reaction produces water as a by product, suggest a name for this type of reaction.
(d) Draw the structural formula for the lactone formed when this hydroxyl acid reacts.
(e) Draw the structural formula for the hydroxyl acid from which this lactone was formed.
Unit 2 Homework Ink Exercise
*You should use your summary sheets to help you answer the questions.*
National 4
1. Photosynthesis and respiration are two chemical processes that sustain life on earth.
(a) Write a word equation for photosynthesis.
______[1]
(b) Why is chlorophyll required for photosynthesis?
______[1]
(c) Photosynthesis requires energy from the sun to take place, does this make photosynthesis exothermic or endothermic?
______[1]
(c) The amount of carbon dioxide in the air has increased significantly over the last 60 years.
Give a reason for this and state which environmental problem could be caused by this increase in carbon dioxide.
______
______[2]
2. Starch and glucose are both examples of carbohydrates. Glucose is produced when starch is hydrolysed.
(a) Describe how you could test carbohydrates to tell if they were starch or glucose. (You must give the result of the test in your answer
______
______
______[2]
When we eat food containing carbohydrates, starch is “hydrolysed”.
(b) What is meant by “hydrolysed”?
______[1]
(c) What name is given to the process that allows us to release the energy from food?
______[1]
3. The alcohol ethanol can be formed by the hydration of ethene and fermentation.
(a) State the reactants involved in fermentation.
______[1]
(b) Apart from ethanol which other products are formed during fermentation?
______[1]
(b) Fermentation can produce alcoholic drinks with a percentage of alcohol of14%. Spirits like whisky contain 40% alcohol. How is the percentage of alcohol increased?
______[1]
National 5 only
4.
(a) Identify the homologous series to which each of the following compounds belong. Choose from: alkane, alkene, alkanol, ester, alkanoic acid.
A. B.
C. D.
A - ______B - ______C - ______D - ______[4]
(b) Give the systematic names of compounds A, C and D.
A - ______
C - ______
D - ______[3]
(c) Which of the 2 compounds above are isomers?
______[1]
[ /20]
1