MODUL PERKULIAHAN
Bahasa Inggris III
Unit 11: New Business
Fakultas / Program Studi / Tatap Muka / Kode MK / Disusun Oleh
Ekonomi dan Bisnis / MANAJEMEN / 11 / 90026 / Yudi Anjangsana, Drs. SE. MM.
Abstract / Kompetensi
In our daily life, the need to pursue the highest career might be the best achievement. This module will guide you how to learn and understand what your current activity. / At the end of the learning program each student is expected to know basic English skills in connection with TIME CLAUSE.

MODULE 11

UNIT 11: NEW BUSINESS

Overview

Vocabulary: Economic terms

Reading: Developing a new industry

Language Review: Time clauses

Skills: Dealing with numbers

Case Study: Marcia Lee Jeans

“There is always plenty of business, if you are smart enough to get it”.

E W Howe (1853 – 1937) American writer

Starting Up

  1. What conditions are important for people starting new business? Choose the three most important from the list. Can you think of any others?
  • low taxes
  • skilled staff
  • low interest rate
  • cheap rents
  • stable economy
  • good transport links
  • training courses
  • high unemployment
  • a strong currency
  • government grant
  • Many companies contain a mix of public and private sector businesses. Think of companies you know in the areas below. Which are public sector companies and which are private sector companies?
  • post office
  • TV/newspaper
  • energy
  • cars
  • rail
  • water
  • telecoms
  • airlines
  • Many companies in the UK have been privatized recently. What are the trends in your country? Talk about business sectors in exercise B.

Vocabulary

Economic Terms

  1. Match the economic terms 1 to 10 to their definitions a) to j).

1. interest ratea) total value of goods and services

Producedin a country

2. exchange rateb) general increase in prices

3. inflation ratec) cost of borrowing money

4. labour force d) price at which one currency can

buy another

5. tax incentivese) percentage of people without jobs

6. government bureaucracyf) people working

7. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) g) low taxes to encourage business

activity

8. unemployment rateh) money from overseas

9. foreign investmenti) official rules/regulations/paperwork

10. balance of tradej) difference in value between a country’s

imports and exports

  1. Try to complete this economic profile without looking back at the terms in Exercise A.

The economy is stable following the problems of the past two years. By following a tight monetary policy the government has reduced the………… ………….1 to 2%. After going up dramatically, the ………….. ………….2 is now down to *%. The last six months has seen a slight improvement in the ……….. ……………3 against the dollar. The ………….4.has grown by 0,15%. Exports are increasing and the……………of……………..5 is starting to look much healthier.

The ……… ………6 continues to be a problem as it is still 16%. In order to stimulate the economy and attract ………… ……….7 the government is offering new………… ………..8 as well as making a renewed effort to reduce………

……………9. Finally, a large skilled……….. ……………10 means there could be attractive investment opportunities over the next five years.

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

The economy is stable following the problems of the past two years. By following a tight monetary policy the government has reduced the…INFLATION RATE …….1 to 2%. After going up dramatically, the …………..INTEREST RATE ………….2 is now down to *%. The last six months has seen a slight improvement in the …EXCHANGE RATE……3 against the dollar. The ……GDP…….4.has grown by 0,15%. Exports are increasing and the BALANCE ……of……TRADE………..5 is starting to look much healthier.

The …UNEMPLOYEMENT RATE……6 continues to be a problem as it is still 16%. In order to stimulate the economy and attract …FOREIGN INVESTMENT….7 the government is offering new……GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY…..8 as well as making a renewed effort to reduce………UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ………9. Finally, a large skilled……LABOUR FORC E……10 means there could be attractive investment opportunities over the next five years.

  1. Write sentences about the economic profile of your country!
  1. Write sentences about the economic profile of your country!

Reading:

Expansion in a Downturn

Harriet Arnold

Expansion in an economic downturn is possible for smaller businesses, says Colin Barrow, director of the business growth and development programme at CranfieldSchool

Of Management. The challenges are tougher than in good times but small and medium-sized enterprises can still grow, he says, and some of them may be better placed than bigger businesses. He says owner managers should focus on customers and finance:

  • Hang on to customers and research how much more they could order from the business.
  • Concentrate on working capital* - ‘the smaller the business the worse they are at controlling capital,’ says Mr Barrow. He says that often the money they need is already there: ‘Many small companies take 90 days to collect payment. Finding ways to reduce that to 35 days would greatly reduce the cost of capital.’

The area of greatest weakness in most small businesses ‘strategic thinking’ is in finance. Most small companies are financed by overdraft, the worst source of money,’ hesyas, and advises building links to other sources of finance.

From the Financial Times

True or False, according to Colin Barrow?

1)It is not possible for small companies to grow during economic downturns.

2)Small companies are in a worse situation than big companies during downturns.

3)Small companies should look especially at their customers and their finances.

4)If small companies were paid more quickly, they would have fewer financial problems.

5)Overdrafts (=borrowing money from a bank by spending more than is in your account) are a good source of finance in case of difficulty.

Language Review

Mixed Conditionals

Unreal conditionals (type II + III) sometimes can be mixed, that is, the time of the if clause is different from the one of the main clause.

Past --> Present
If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn't have a headache now.
Past --> Future
If I had known that you are going to come by tomorrow, I would be in then.
Present --> Past
If she had enough money, she could have done this trip to Hawaii.
Present --> Future
If I were you, I would be spending my vacation in Seattle.
Future --> Past
If I weren't flying to Detroit, I would have planned a trip to Vancouver.
Future --> Present
If I were taking this exam next week, I would be high-strung

Type I

It is possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

if clause / main clause
Simple Present / will-future
or
infinitive
or
Modal + infinitive

Examples

If I study, / I will pass the exams.
If you see John tonight, / tell him to e-mail me.
If Ben gets up early / hecan catch the bus.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I study, / I will pass the exams.
I will pass the exams / if I study.

Type II

It is theoretically possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

if clause / main clause
Simple Past / would + infinitive
or
could + infinitive
or
might + infinitive

Examples

If I studied, / I would pass the exams.
If I studied, / I could pass the exams.
If I studied, / I might pass the exams.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I studied, / I would pass the exams.
I would pass the exams / if I studied.

Type III

It is impossible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

if clause / main clause
Past Perfect / would + have + past participle
or
could + have + past participle
or
might + have + past participle

Examples

If I had studied, / I would have passed the exams.
If I had studied, / I could have passed the exams.
If I had studied, / I might have passed the exams.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I had studied, / I would have passed the exams.
I would have passed the exams / if I had st

A) Finish the sentences. Use the correct phrases.
1) You would have slept much better
2) If he studied the new words,
3) My uncle would stay longer in York
4) If we had seen the film,
5) If Amy does the washing up,

B) Complete the sentences.
1) type II: If I (to study), I (to pass) the test.
2) type III: They (to fly) to Canberra if they (to have) more money.
3) type III: If the sun (to shine), we (to go) swimming.
4) type III: If I (to study), I (to pass) the test.
5) type II: They (to fly) to Canberra if they (to have) more money.

C) Put in the correct verb forms.
1) If Brian (to like) horses, he could ride well.
2) If the weather had been better, we (to come) by bike.
3) They will stay longer in Paris if they (to find) a cheap hotel.
4) If Alice(to have) more money, she would go to Africa.
5) If you were older, you (to go) to the party.

STRUCTURE PART 11

SKILL 11 : USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY

An adjective clause is a clause that describes a noun. Because the clause is an adjective, it is positioned directly after the noun that it describes.

thatsheput on the table.

The womanis filling the glass

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

thatsheput on the table

The glass contains milk.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

In the first example there two clauses: woman is the subject of the verb is filling, and she is the subject of the verb put. That is the adjective clause connector that joins these two clauses, and the adjective that she put on the table describes the noun glass.

In the second example there are also two clauses: glass the subject of the verb contains, and she is the subject of the verb put. In the sentence also, that is the adjective clause connector that joins these two clauses, and the adjective clause that she put onthe table describes the noun glass.

The following example shows how these sentence patterns could be tested in structure questions on the TOEFL test.

Example from the Paper and Computer TOEFL ® Tests
The gift selected for the bride was rather exspensive.
(A)because
(B)was
(C)since
(D)which we

In this example you should notice quickly that there are two clauses: gift is the subject of the verb was, and the verb selected needs a subject. Because there are two clauses, a connector is also needed. Answer (A) and (C) have connectors, but there are no subjects, so these answers are not correct. Answer (B) changes selected into a passive verb; in case the sentence would have one subject and two verbs, so answer (B) is not correct. The best answer to the question is answer (D). The correct sentence should say: The gift which we selected for the birde was rather expensive. In this sentence gift is the subject of the verb was, we is the subject of the verb selected, and the connector which joins these two clauses.

The following chart lists the adjective clause connectors and the sentence patterns used with them:

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS
Whom
(for people) / Which
(for things) / That
(for people or things)
S V
I liked the book which you recommended.

S V
The book which you recommended was interesting.
NOTE: The adjective connectors can be omitted. This omission is very common in spoke English or in casual English. It is not in formal English or in structure question on the TOEFL test.

EXERSICE 11: Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subjects once and the verb twice. Circle the connectors. Put boxes around the adjective clauses. The indicate if the sentence are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

C 1.Itis important to fill out the form in the way

I2. The car which Ihave been driving for five for sale at a really good price.

  1. I just finished reading to novel whom the professor suggested for my book report.
  2. The plane that he was scheduled to take to Hawaii was delayed.
  3. The movie which we wanted on cable last night it was really frightening.
  4. I made an appointment with the doctor whom you recommended.
  5. The enthusiasm with which he greeted me made me feel welcome.
  1. The story that you told me about Bob.
  2. The men with whom were having the discussion did not seem very friendly.
  3. I’m not really sure about taking part in the plans that we made last night.

Daftar Pustaka

  1. David Catton, David Falvey, and Simon Kent, MARKET LEADER, Course Book, Pre-Intermediate Business English, 2002, Edinburg Gate, Harlow, Essex, CM 2JE, England.
  1. Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar, Second Edition, Prentice Hall Regents, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632, 1989, United States of America.
  1. Debora Philips, PREPARATION COURSE for the TOEFL TEST, The Paper Test, Pearson Longman, Pearson Education, 2003, United States of America.

2016 / 1 / Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 3 / Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
Yudi Anjangsana, Drs. SE. MM. /