Name ______Class ____

Review Test for the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test 2.0 Science

Scientific Thinking

1)There is more than one way to test a hypothesis, such as through a/n ______or a/n ______

2)In order for a controlled experiment to be valid, it must consist of several parts such as a/n ______, (also known as a test variable), the ______(also known as a outcome variable), ______, and possibly a ______group.

3)When the results of an experiment are not what was originally expected, we say the results do not ______the hypothesis. When the results are as expected, we say the results ______the hypothesis.

4)When the results of an experiment fail to support the hypothesis, the results are still valuable because they lead to further ______

5)Replication is ______

6)Repetition is ______

7)Both replication and repetition are important because they make an experiment ______.

8)Models can be used when something is too ______, ______, ______, ______, etc.

9)Give an example of technology that is used from science: ______

10)The word empirical means ______

11)An example of scientific knowledge changing in history is: ______

12)A ______is a rule that describes a pattern of nature.

13)A______is an explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations.

14)Give some examples of scientific laws you have learned: ______

15) Give some examples of scientific theories you have learned: ______

Scientific Thinking Practice Questions:

1. Students made an electromagnet by wrapping a wire in loops around an iron nail and attaching the wire to a battery, as shown below.

The students conducted a test to learn how the number of wire loops affected the number of paper clips held by the electromagnet. The table below shows the results of the test.

Number of wire loops / Number of paper clips held
10 / 2
20 / 4
30 / 7
40 / 9

Based on the information from the table, which of the following is the outcome (dependent) variable in this experiment?

A.The number of wire loops wrapped around the nail.

B.The number of paper clips held by the electromagnet.

C.The material the nail was made of.

D.The size of the battery.

2.

/ After seeing these results, Ella wrote four questions in her lab notebook.
Question 1: Why did the water level in the test tube go down?
Question 2: Is light needed to change the water level in the test tube?
Question 3: Did light cause the water level in the test tube to go down?
Question 4: Would a different type of plant change the water level in the test tube?

Ella set up an experiment to investigate one of her questions. She set up one test tube to look like Figure 1. She set up another test tube similar to Figure 1 but without a lamp, and placed it in a dark closet. A day later, Ella checked the water level in each test tube. Which question could best be answered with Ella’s experiment?

A.Question 1

B.Question 2

C.Question 3

D.Question 4

3. Researchersgrew some bacteria in a lab and tested them in several trials. The results are shown in the table.

In this experiment, which trial served as the control?

A. / 1
B. / 2
C. / 3
D. / 4

4. Derek hypothesizes that a potted fern in a closed container will stay healthier than the same type of plant on an open windowsill. At the conclusion of his investigation, Derek finds that his results support his hypothesis. Which BEST explains why Derek should repeat the investigation?

A / to be able to start another investigation
B / to prove the investigation is important
C / to learn why the hypothesis is correct
D / to make sure the results are reliable

5. Before 1896, many scientists concluded that light could not pass through black paper. In 1896, Henri Becquerel observed that uranium salts could cause a plate covered by black paper to react as if light had reached it. How did this observation affect conclusions about light passing through black paper?

  1. Scientists ignored Becquerel’s evidence because uranium is dangerous to use, so his study was not valid.
  2. Scientists repeated Becquerel’s experiment until it no longer worked and reported that his conclusions were not valid.
  3. Scientists had to revise their earlier conclusion because evidence from Becquerel did not support the original conclusion.
  4. Scientists stood behind the earlier conclusion that black paper blocks light because it was already an accepted conclusion.

6. Keesha did an experiment to study the rate of photosynthesis in the water plant Elodea. She placed a piece of Elodea in a beaker of water and set the beaker 10 centimeters (cm) from a light source. Keesha counted the bubbles released from the plant every minute for five minutes (min). She repeated the process two more times. First, she moved the light to 20 cm from the beaker, and then she moved the light to 30 cm from the beaker. Keesha’s setup and data are shown below.

Number of Bubbles
Time
(min) / Distance (cm)
10 / 20 / 30
1 / 30 / 5 / 1
2 / 29 / 5 / 1
3 / 31 / 5 / 3
4 / 31 / 4 / 2
5 / 30 / 4 / 2

What is the outcome variable (dependent variable) in this experiment?

A. the number of bubbles produced

B. the type of plant placed in the beaker

C. the amount of time the bubbles were counted

D. the distance of the light source from the plant

7. Which would be a constant for Keesha’s experiment?

  1. The distance from the light
  2. The number of bubbles produced
  3. Water temperature
  4. All of the above

8. When Alfred Wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift, most Earth scientists did not immediately accept it. Many expressed skepticism because the theory did not explain what force was strong enough to move continents. Later, scientists investigating continental drift found evidence that explained how continents are able to move. Plate tectonics, which grew from the theory of continental drift, now explains how continents move over time.

How was the initial skepticism of earth scientists useful to the scientific process?

  1. Skeptical comments showed that continental drift was not a correct explanation of Wegener’s observations.
  2. Skeptics kept people from forgetting about earlier observations that did not support continental drift.
  3. The scientists who were skeptical kept earth science from changing views too rapidly.
  4. The skeptics raised questions that became the starting point for new investigations.

9. Which of the following best explains how a scientific theory might be changed?

  1. All scientists agree to change the theory.
  2. Data from new experiments could lead to revisions of the theory.
  3. Several scientists propose a new theory.
  4. Theories do not change because they are based on well-tested hypotheses.

10. The following statements were taken from the procedures of four different investigations:

Investigation 1 / Pour 50 mL of water down four inclined surfaces
Investigation 2 / Roll a marble down the ramp from a height of 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm
Investigation 3 / Take the mass of five rocks separately and then determine the average mass in grams
Investigation 4 / Conduct 4 trials of counting bubbles produced by a water plant for 1 minute each

Which statement is an example of repetition? A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

11. A student made 2 different models of cell showing the structures, one was a detailed drawing while the other was a clay model. Which of the following describes a limitation of the drawing, but not he clay model?

A. it doesn’t show the main parts of the cell

B. it doesn’t not contain the correct number of nuclei

C. it cannot represent a living cell since a true cell is three dimensional

D. it cannot represent a living cell since the cytoplasm should be in constant motion

12. The timeline of some models of atoms throughout history is shown below. These models have contributed to the formation of the atomic theory.

Which statement best summarizes the development of atomic theory over time?

  1. Advancements in atomic models proved the atomic theory was accurate
  2. The discovery of new evidence resulted in changes to the atomic theory
  3. With the discovery of every new element, the atomic theory was modified
  4. Changes in atomic models showed that the atomic theory was based on opinion

13. Scientific knowledge may change as new evidence or information is discovered. Which of the following would NOT be a result of new scientific research and information?

A. binomial nomenclature is assigned to a recently identified plan species

B. an endangered monkey species is put in a reserve for protection from extinction

C. A newly discovered chemical element will be added to the periodic table of the elements

D. a nonnative plant species will begin to reproduce rapidly after being introduced into a swamp ecosystem.

Physical Science

1) Substances can be identified based on physical characteristics such as ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______

2) Some physical characteristics that can change with the size of the sample: ______, ______

3) Other physical characteristics that DO NOT depend on the size of the sample: ______, ______, ______, ______, ______

4) The amount of matter: ______

5) How much space something takes up: ______

6) The formula for density is ______

7) Differentiate between mass and weight: ______

8) Atoms are made up of ______, ______, and ______.

9) Protons have a ______charge, neutrons have _____ charge and electrons have a ______charge.

10) Atoms move ______and ______in place in a solid, mover ______and move ______apart in a liquid, and very ______and very far ______in a gas.

11) Elements are arranged in ______(horizontal) and ______(vertical) on the periodic table.

12) Elements in groups have similar ______and also have the same number of ______electrons.

13) A ______is a substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

14) A(n) ______has a pH lower than 7. Examples include: ______, ______, ______

15) A(n) ______has a pH higher than 7. Examples include: ______, ______, ______

16) A ______is a compound formed when an acid is combined with a base (Alkali metal with a halogen) Example: ______

17) A ______is matter that can vary in composition, while a ______is matter made up of just one element.

18) A ______is another name for homogeneous mixture. It is made up of a solvent and a solute. The solvent does the dissolving, while the ______is what breaks apart or dissolves. If you mixed sugar in water, which is the solute? ______the solvent? ______

19) When matter goes through a physical or chemical change, ______is conserved. This is called the Law of ______. Matter cannot be created or ______.

20) Rate of a chemical change can increase when the ______increases.

21) Radio waves have the ______wavelength, while gamma rays have the ______wavelength. What wave property differentiates each type of wave? ______.

22) What happens to the frequency as the wavelength decreases? ______Which waves have the highest frequency (energy) ______.

23) High frequency waves can be dangerous to living things. Which waves in the electromagnetic spectrum are dangerous? ______, ______, and ______.

24) Humans can only see which type of wave on the electromagnetic spectrum ______. Our eyes can only see light with wavelengths between ______nm and ______nm.

25) The order of the colors in the visible spectrum is (from largest wavelength to shortest wavelength: ______.

26) Telescopes are designed to collect a certain type of waves in the ______. Some detect visible light, and other detect microwaves and ______waves. Light and sound travel on ______.

27) When light travels from one medium (material) to another, it can bend or ______.

28) Any wave can change speed when it moves through a different ______.

29) In sound waves, the ______of sound increases as frequency ______.

Physical Science Practice Questions:

1. Physical properties can be used to compare and classify substances. The process below demonstrates a physical property of sugar.

SUGAR WATER SUGAR SOLUTION

Which of the following physical properties of sugar is demonstrated by the process?

A. Solubility B. Density C. Thermal conductivity D. Melting point

2. The physical property that determines how easily heat and electricity pass through a material is _____.

a. / Conductivity / c. / Hardness
b. / density / d. / Weight

3. Matthew has six cubes of different materials. Each cube has a mass of 10 grams (g). Matthew sorts the cubes into two groups using one physical property.

GROUPS OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS

Group 1 Cubes / Group 2 Cubes
Aluminum / Glass
Copper / Plastic
Steel / Wood

Which physical property did Matthew most likely use to sort the cubes into two groups?

A. densityB. MagnetismC. Melting PointD. Electrical Conductivity

4. A student is given two different objects, a marble and a cube, that appear to be made of the same substance. The student did some measurements of the objects and recorded the measurements in the table.

/ Using the student's measurements, determine if the two objects are indeed made of the same substance. The formula for density is D = M / V.
A.No. The objects are different substances because their masses are different.
B.No. The objects are different substances because their densities are different.
C.No. The objects are different substances because their volumes are different.
D. Yes. The objects are the same substance because they have the same density.

5. Fresh milk has several parts that a farmer can separate and sell. A farmer removes the top layer of fat from fresh milk. Why is the layer of fat on top?

A.The fat does not mix well with the other parts of the milk.

B.The fat has a lower density than the other parts of the milk.

C.There is less fat in compared to other parts of the milk.

D. There other parts of the milk come out of the cow before the fat.

6. Trudy made a pitcher of lemonade. Which diagram BEST represents the liquid water molecules?

A. B. C. D.

7. If you were to take a radio to the moon, which of the following would correctly describe the changes to its mass and weight?

A.Its mass and weight would not change.

B.Its mass would increase, and its weight would remain the same.

C.Its weight would increase, and its mass would remain the same.

D. Its weight would decrease, and its mass would remain the same.

8. The mass of the products of a chemical reaction ____ the mass of the reactants.

a. / is greater than / c. / is the same as
b. / is less than / d. / may be more or less than

9. An atomic model of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is shown below. How many different elements have combined to form this compound of sulfuric acid?

/ A.2
B.B. 3
C.C. 6
D.D. 7

10. Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr) are in the same column in the periodic table. Why are these elements in the same column in the periodic table?

A. they have similar propertiesB. they have atoms of the same size

C. they have the same number of protonsD. they have the same number of neutrons

11. When a candle is lit, the wick burns, the wax melts, the candle changes shape, and the air around the candle heats up. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A. the wick burningB. the wax melting

C. the candle changing shapeD. the air around the candle heating up

12. Hydrogen sulfide has a pH of 4.5, water has pH of 7.0, and sodium hydroxide has a pH of 12.0 which of these compounds is an acid?

  1. Hydrogen sulfide c. sodium hydroxide
  2. Water d. Cannot be determined

13. When two or more substances are combined so each substance can be separated by physical means, the result is a(n)____.

a. / chemical change / c. / Element
b. / compound / d. / Mixture

14. If a substance has a high solubility, _____ of it can dissolve in a given solvent.

a. / less / c. / an equal amount
b. / more / d. / None

15. In a chemical reaction, if the reactants are heated, the reaction usually happens

a) Faster b) Slower c) At the same rate d) In a smaller volume

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

16. Sunlight is composed of energy that is visible to humans and energy that is not visible to humans. Which statement describes how the visible energy from the Sun is different from the nonvisible energy?

A. It travels at a different speed through space. B. It travels a different distance through space.

C. It has different wavelengths.D. It has different amplitudes

17. The diagram below demonstrates how a magnifying lens can make a penny appear larger.

What property of the magnifying lens is most responsible for allowing it to magnify the penny?

A. It can reflect light.B. It can refract lightC. It can increase the intensity of light.

D. It can increase the wavelength of light.

Energy Transfer and Transformation

1)Describe potential energy: ______

2)Describe kinetic energy: ______

3)c) What are the major forms of energy? ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______

4)Give an example of potential energy becoming kinetic energy______

5)Energy cannot be created or destroyed is described in the Law of ______of Energy or the 1st Law of Thermodynamics.

6)Give an example of energy transformation ______

7)Thermal energy always transfers from a warmer object to a ______one. This heat transfer occurs until the temperatures between objects are in ______(the same).

8)What can happen when heat is added or removed to a substance? ______

9)What are the 3 types of heat transfer? ______, ______, and ______.

10)The Earth is heated by this type of heat transfer ______.

11)Differentiate between mass and weight ______

12)When an ______force acts on an object, it will change its speed and/or ______. Change of speed or direction is called ______.

13) An object that is speeding up is experiencing ______acceleration, while and object slowing down is experiencing ______acceleration.

14)Forces are often shown using ______on diagrams. The bigger the arrow, the ______the force.

15) If opposing forces on an object are ______, the object will remain stationary or at a constant speed if moving.

Energy Transfer and Transformation Practice Questions

1. Emma constructed a simple motor. When connected correctly, the coil of copper wire spins.

/ Which of the following best describes the energy transformation that takes place between the paper clips and the spinning coil?
A. Chemical energy transforms into electrical energy.
B. Mechanical energy transforms into electrical energy.
C. Electrical energy transforms into mechanical energy.
D. Mechanical energy transforms into chemical energy.

2. Mrs. Aldaco added a room-temperature copper (Cu) cube and an aluminum (Al) cube that she just removed from the freezer to a beaker of boiling water.

/ She left the cubes in the water for three hours. Which of the following describes a heat flow that took place during those three hours?
A. from the aluminum cube to the beaker
B. from the copper cube to the boiling water C. from the aluminum cube to the copper cube
D. from the boiling water to the aluminum cube

3. Substances change states when they move between solid, liquid, and gas forms. When a substance changes from one state of matter to another, it has undergone: