Name saichandra Period 5 Date 10/23/12
Hydroponics Unit
Study Guide Part 2
Directions
Match the vocabulary words on the left with the definitions on the right.
_____ element / A.The building blocks of matter. Made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons. (It is the smallest amount of an element.)_____ atom / B.A pure substance. All the atoms have the same atomic number, or number of protons. (It is a basis substance that can’t be simplified.)
Example: Hydrogen (H2)
_____ mixture / C.The smallest unit of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of the substance and that is composed of two or more atoms. (The atoms are chemically joined together.)
Examples: Hydrogen (H2)and water (H20)
_____ molecule / D.A molecule that contains two or more elements that are chemically bonded, and which has a chemical formula
Examples: Carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H20)*
_____ compound / E.A combination of two or more substances that have not combined chemically and that can be separated by physical means.
Examples: Dirt, rocks, a salt and pepper combination
_____ matter / F.Anything that has volume and mass.
*What is the difference between a compound and a molecule?
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.
Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element. Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are compounds because each is made from more than one element.
Directions
Classify each of the following as element (E), compound (C), or mixture (M).
Carbon, C ______/ Salt water ______/ Taco ______C6H12O6
Glucose ______/ H2O
Water ______/ Air (Oxygen and Nitrogen) ______
Calcium (Ca) / Salad ______/ Table salt (NaCl)
Use the information below to answer item1.
When Chemical X is added to a certain liquid, the chemical breaks into Substances Y and Z. Itis not possible to break Substances Y and Z into simpler particles.
- Which statement is best supported by this evidence?
A Chemical X is an element.
B Chemical X is soluble in water.
C Substances Y and Z are elements.
D Substances Y and Z are compounds.
Use the information below to answer item 2.
Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton.
- A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are
A magnetic
B elements
C compounds
D soluble in water
Use the information below to answer item3.
Matter can be classified as an element, a compound, or a mixture. The elements sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) react with each other to form the compound sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as table salt. The reaction between sodium and chlorine releases energy. This energy causes the temperature of the substances in the reaction to increase. When table salt dissolves in water a solution is formed, which is a type of mixture.
- Which of these changes must happen for elements to become a compound?
A elements are heated
B a gas becomes a liquid
C elements dissolve in water
D chemical bonds form between atoms
Directions
Use the information and graphic to answer items4 and 5.
Paula conducted an investigation to split water molecules. She sharpened both ends on two pencils. She used cardboard with two holes in the center to hold the pencils in place in a glass of water. The pencils were extended in the water, but did not touch the bottom of the glass. She then connected a wire to each graphite tip of the pencil and then connected the other end of the wires to a battery.
As soon as the wires were connected to the battery, bubbles started to appear around each of the pencil tips in the water. The electricity causes the water molecules to split apart.
- Paula observed that there were twice as many bubbles around one of the graphite tips than the other. What is the best explanation for this?
A Paula did not set up the investigation properly.
B There are twice as many hydrogen atoms in a molecule of water than there
are in oxygen.
C Water is a molecule.
D The electricity probably traveled faster through one of the pencils.
- Hydrogen and oxygen are classified as ______.
A elements
B compounds
C mixtures
D protons
Directions
Use the information and the data table to answer items 6 -8.
Rosa has four eggs that she has dissolved the shell off of with vinegar. She puts each egg into four solutions: water, salt water, syrup and nothing. Below is the data for the three days:
Liquid / Egg’s Circumference- Day 1 / Egg’s Circumference-Day 3 / Change in circumference
Water / 14.3 cm / 15.3 cm / 1 cm
Salt water / 14.3 cm / 12.3 cm / - 2.0 cm
Syrup / 13.8 cm / 13.0 cm / - 0.8 cm
nothing / 13.9 cm / 13.6 cm / -0.2 cm
- The independent variable in Rosa’s investigation is the
A Size of the eggs on day 3
B Liquid the egg was in
C Starting size of the egg
D Number of eggs used
- The dependent variable in Rosa’s investigation is the
A Size of the eggs on day 3
B Liquid the egg was in
C Starting size of the egg
D Number of eggs used
- Which type of molecular movement best explains the results of the egg soaked in salt water?
A Selectively permeable
B Osmosis
C Active transport
D Diffusion
Directions
Use the information and graphic to answer items9 - 11.
- Which statement best describes how the cells changed after the plant was
watered?
A The cells increased in size
B The cells decreased in size
C There was no change in the size of the cells
D The cell membrane grew
- What process most likely caused the change in the plant cells in figure B?
A Selective permeability
B Osmosis
C Active transport
D Diffusion
- Diffusion is
A the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
B the movement of water across a cell wall.
C the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration.
D the movement of elements in a heterogynous mixture
Directions
Use the chemical equation below to answer items 12 - 14.
- What process is represented by the chemical equation above?
A how plants make food
B how plants digest food
C how animals make food
D how animals digest food
- Which statement best describes photosynthesis?
A Photosynthesis is the process in which plants take in water and nutrients.
B Photosynthesis is the process in which plants lose water through the leaves.
C Photosynthesis is the process in which oxygen breaks down sugars to provide
energy to an organism.
D Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use the sun’s energy to convert
water and carbon dioxide to sugar and oxygen.
- The main purpose of photosynthesis is to
A make provide water for plants to grow
B help with cell division
C make food (energy) for the plant
D make carbon dioxide for the plant
- Which statement best describes cellular respiration?
A During cellular respiration, plant cells convert water and carbon dioxide to
sugar and oxygen.
B During cellular respiration, cells convert carbon dioxide to hydrogen and
water.
C During cellular respiration, cells produce oxygen.
D During cellular respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as
sugar and release the energy they contain.
- Which statement best summarized the connection between photosynthesis and
cellular respiration?
A Photosynthesis makes sugar and oxygen which are used in cellular
respiration and cellular respiration makes carbon dioxide and water that is
needed for photosynthesis.
B Photosynthesis and cellular respiration require energy from the sun.
C Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are part of cell division.
D Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both occur in the chloroplast of a
plant cell.
Directions
Use word bank-1 to fill in the blanks.
The word formula for photosynthesis is:
Water + ______and sunlight = ______+ ______
Plant cells use carbon dioxide and water to make ______.
Glucose (sugar) is used by plants as a source of ______.
Photosynthesis occurs in the ______of the cell.
The main energy source for photosynthesis is ______.
______is the process by which cells obtain energy from sugar. During this process cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain.
Photosynthesis occurs in this part of a plant: the ______.
WORD BANK-1
Chloroplast / Carbon Dioxide / Sugar (glucose) / OxygenEnergy / Cellular Respiration
Directions
Use word bank-2 to complete the chart.
Cellular RespirationRaw Materials (Starting Materials) / Products (Results)
WORD BANK-2
Oxygen / Water / Glucose / Carbon Dioxide / EnergyDirections
Use the information below to answer item 17.
In a lab study, eight bean plants are grown from seeds in individual containers. After a few leaves are visible on each plant, the plants are separated into two groups. One group is placed in a room that gets sunlight, and the other group is placed in a dark room. All of the plants receive the same amount of water daily. After two weeks, the plants are observed.
OBSERVATIONSPlant Feature / Plants Grown in Sunlight / Plants Grown in Dark Room
Leaves / Dark green / Light yellow
Stem / Green and sturdy / Yellow and wilted
Average Plant Height / 30 cm / 18 cm
17. Plants use energy from the sun to convert
A sugars to oxygen and water
B oxygen and water to sugars
C carbon dioxide and water to sugars
D sugars to water and carbon dioxide
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