Name: ______
Below is the plan for the unit on the Civil War. Lessons/assignments are subject to change, but this should give every student an idea on what to expect in the coming days!
Date / Lesson/Topic/Assignment / What is due?
Day one: /
- Compromises & Conflicts Reading & Questions
- Notes: Causes of C.W. (Abolitionist-South View of Slavery)
- Activity: Causes Project
- Compromises & Conflict Reading & Questions
- Causes Project: Abolitionist-Slave Revolts & Reactions
Day two: /
- Causes Vocab: Abolitionist-Nat Turner(1-7)
- Notes: Causes of C.W. (MO Comp-Dred Scott Decision)
- Activity: Causes Project
- Causes Vocab: #1-7
- Causes Project: MO Comp-Scott Decision
Day three: /
- Causes Vocab: MO Compromise-Roger Taney (8-17)
- Notes: Causes of C.W. (Debates-Secession)
- Activity: Causes Project
- Finish Causes Vocab
- Causes Vocab: #8-17
- Causes Project: Election 1860
Day four: /
- Quiz: Causes Vocab
- C.W. Part 2 Packet
- Causes Project completed
- C.W. Pt1 Packet due
- Causes Vocab Quiz
Unit Questions: Each answer must be a paragraph long (3-5 sentences)
- Compare and Contrast the North and South United States in the early 1800s.
- Explain the impact that abolitionists had on slavery, specifically citing examples from at least three of the following people: William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Harriet Tubman, John Brown
- As westward expansion began to occur, explain the impact of the acts and compromises that attempted to keep the country together (as well as helped to tear it apart).
- Explain the impact on the Dred Scott Decision with slavery.
Causes of the Civil War Vocabulary
1.Abolitionist
2. Frederick Douglass
3. Harriet Beecher Stowe
4. Harriet Tubman
5. William Lloyd Garrison
6. Gabriel Prosser
7. Nat Turner
8. Missouri Compromise
9. Compromise of 1850
10.Fugitive Slave Act
11. Popular Sovereignty
12. Kansas-Nebraska Act
13. Republican Party
14. Bleeding Kansas
15. John Brown
16. Dred Scott Case
17. Roger Taney
18. Lincoln-Douglass Debates
19. Harper’s Ferry
20. Election of 1860
21. Secede/secession
22. South Carolina
23. Confederate States of America
24. Jefferson Davis
25. Abraham Lincoln
Compromises & Conflicts Leading to Civil War
Part One – Compromises & Differences
Alright, gang. You know all about how and why the U.S. expanded—how, in 1803, Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France, doubling our nation’s size. And how Sam Houston led the Texans the Mexican Army (Remember the Alamo!!!!), defeating Santa Anna and his men, gaining Texas its independence,which soon became a state. Yes, I’m sure you all remember that. And how this led to the Mexican-American War, where General Zachary Taylor led American troops tovictory over Mexico, gaining California and New Mexico territories (that made up several states). I mean, I did such a great job teaching y’all that, how could you POSSIBLY forget it?
The Missouri Compromise: Nor can you forget the 1820 Missouri Compromise, dividing the U.S. into two halves—the North and South. From this compromise, all states north of the line would become free states, with the exception of Missouri. All the states south of the line would be slave states. To even out the number of slave states to free-states, Maine would be added as a free state. This compromise would serve well for a couple of decades.
Sectional Differences (tariffs): As the U.S. gained more land, however, the division between the North and the South became even more apparent. First, there was the issue of tariffs. A tariff is a high tax on an imported good (goods that come from other countries). In the North, they were all about industry. They had many factories up there and produced many things to sell throughout the country. They loved high tariffs – with high tariffs, they would not face any foreign competition (example: if a northern factory made t-shirts, and so did Great Britain, a high tariff on a Britain-made shirt would make that shirt more expensive; therefore you’d buy the American one). The South, however, opposed high tariffs. The exported a lot of products (mainly cotton) and by placing high tariffs on foreign products, other countries would do the same to them. Tariffs, however, were only a part of the tensions that developed between the North and the South.
Land, and the Compromise of 1850:Land was the bigger issue. Specifically, California, which we gained from Mexico (Mexican-American War), but what type of state should it become? Slave? Free? Well, you’d obviously go the Missouri Compromise on this, right? Problem was, the Missouri Compromise line went straight through California—half the state was over the line, half was under the line. So should it be a slave state or free state, people argued. In 1850, a new idea was established—popular sovereignty (and yes, you better know this word!). Basically, this meant that the issue of slavery wouldn’t even be discussed for a while. Just let people move into California. And when it becomes large enough to become a state, the people can vote on if it becomes a slave state or free-state. Well, it decided to become a free state. The South was not happy about this, because it upset the balance of slave-to-free states. A couple of guys, Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, organized the Compromise of 1850. This stated that Californiawould become a free state. In exchange, however, the other territories acquired by the U.S. during the Mexican-American War must be allowed “popular sovereignty” to decide (most of which were presumed to become slave states). Additionally, it called for the Fugitive Slave Law—any slaves that escaped from the South seeking refuge in the North must be returned. This was strictly enforced. Although the Compromise of 1850 created a temporary solution, nobody was really happy. The South lost control of California and there were suddenly more free states than there were slave states. And the North were OUTRAGED by the Fugitive Slave Law.
Part two – Abolitionist & Violence
The Rise of the Abolitionists: You see, during this time, abolitionists began to speak out against slavery (an abolitionist is one who is against slavery). Among them were New England born William Lloyd Garrison, who wrote a newsletter called “The Liberator.” (Liberate means ‘to free’). In this, Garrison spoke out harshly against slavery and its evils and demanded the emancipation (freeing) of slaves. In addition, former slave Frederick Douglass spoke out against slavery as well. As Garrison, Douglass, and other abolitionists began to speak out, people in the North began to listen. When the Fugitive Slave Law was enacted, people in the north did NOT want to return the slaves. Additionally, the northerners did not want any more slave states!
The Kansas-Nebraska Act and a time of Violence: That’s when the Kansas-Nebraska Act came. In 1854, these two territories were to become states. By this time, Popular Sovereignty was the new idea, and the Missouri Compromise was basically thrown out. People of the states would decide whether they would be free or enslaved. In Nebraska, there was never any doubt—it would be a free state. But Kansas was in question. Knowing that it would be close, pro-slavery citizens (people who supported slavery) from the next-door neighbor state of Missouri, flooded across Kansas’s borders and voted for slavery. Once it was established as a slave state, they returned to Missouri. Angered by this, many abolitionists and anti-slavery citizens poured into the state of Kansas. Fighting between the two groups (anti-slavery and pro-slavery citizens) became common, and this area became known as “Bleeding Kansas.” John Brown, a huge abolitionist, led a group of men called the ‘Free-Soil Militia’ in an assault along a Kansas River, where he and his four sons hacked five defenseless settlers to death with sabers. For this, he was considered a hero by many in the North; a villain by those in the South, and the country came closer and closer to a Civil War
The Dreaded Dred Scott Decision: And then, in 1857, the Dred Scott disaster happened, in which the U.S. Supreme Court weighed in on slavery. Dred Scott was a slave of John Emerson of Missouri. Well, Emerson, an army surgeon, was transferred to a northern state, which was free. He brought Scott with him. When Emerson died, his wife moved back to the South. Scott refused to go, saying that his owner was passed away and he was in a free state, that he should be given freedom. He then went on to sue for his freedom. He should have it, right? Well, not according to Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Taney, who by the way, was a slave-holding southerner. His ruling was that since Scott was a slave, he was property and not a citizen, and property could not sue! Then, he went on to say that people are guaranteed the rights of life, liberty, and property through the Constitution, and that if Dred Scott was property, then he could not be taken away! So, basically he used the Bill of Rights—which guarantees human rights—against Dred Scott! Crazy!!!!
Oh, the Northerners were outraged. Abolitionists were outraged. Southerners were thrilled with the decision. Through the various acts of Congress and abolitionists, the North and South became more and more divided—and a Civil War seemed so inevitable.
Name: ______Compromises & Conflicts Leading to Civil War, questions
Part one: Compromises & Differences
- What two halves did the Missouri Compromise divide the U.S. into? ______
- All states North of line would be what? ______
- Which state North of the line was the exception? ______
- All states South of the line would be what? ______
- Why was Maine added as a free state? ______
- What are tariffs? ______
- Why did the North love tariffs? ______
- Who opposed high tariffs? ______
- What was the bigger issue other than tariffs? ______
- What state was the Compromise of 1850 specifically concerned about? ______
- What was the problem with the Missouri Compromise when it came to California? ______
- What is popular sovereignty? ______
- Did California become a free or slave state? ______Why was the south so made about it? ______
- What two guys organized the Compromise of 1850? ______
- According to the Compromise of 1850 what would California be? ______What territories would be allowed popular sovereignty? ______What was the Fugitive Slave Law? ______
Part two: Abolitionists & Violence
- What is an abolitionist? ______
- What did abolitionist begin to do during this time? ______
- Who was the New England born abolitionist? ______What did he write? ______
- Who was the former slave who spoke out against slavery? ______
- By the time of the Kansas-Nebraska Act what was the new idea? ______What was basically thrown out? ______
- Did Nebraska become a free or slave state? ______
- Who flooded Kansas to vote? ______Did Kansas become a free or slave state? ______Who became angry by this and poured into Kansas? ______
- What did the fighting between pro-slavery & anti-slavery citizens become known as? ______
- Who was the abolitionist who led a group that hacked 5 men to death? ______
- Explain who Dred Scott was and the events leading to the case? ______
- What was he suing for? ______
- Who was the Supreme Court Justice that ruled on the Dred Scott Decision? ______
- What was his ruling? ______
- What document did Taney use against Scott? ______
- Who was outraged by the decision? ______Who was thrilled by it? ______
Causes of the Civil War
______MOVEMENT
•Abolitionist
people who spoke & acted out ______slavery
Both in the ______
•______Douglas
Free blacks were ______out against slavery (early 1800’s)
Escaped ______Frederick Douglass ______A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
•William Lloyd ______
Publisher of The ______
Antislavery ______published in New ______
Newspaper that argued slavery was not ______
•Harriet Beecher ______- “Uncle ______Cabin”
Bestselling______revealing horrors of Slavery to people in the ______
Inflamed ______abolitionists & united much of North against ______(the cancer of ______society)
______South the North was out to ______their way of life
Emphasized ______equality &______stance against slavery
“So this is the little lady that made this big war.” -Abraham ______
•Underground ______
Network of ______routes for ______
Harriet ______“the Black ______”
WOME’S______MOVEMENT
•At the same time ______movement grew, another reform movement took root, to give equal rights to ______
•______Convention
Women’s ______convention in Seneca Falls, NY
Led by Elizabeth Cady ______
•Both Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B ______were leaders of the women’s ______movement ______the Civil War
SLAVE REVOLTS: Gabriel ______(1800) & Nat ______(1831) led slave ______in Virginia
•______blame ______for instigating revolts
•Revolts cause ______for Southerners
•New State laws passed as a ______of the revolts
–______to educate blacks
–illegal for blacks to ______
–______ministers to be present at all ______worship services
•Southern abolitionists were ______into silence
______VIEW ON ______
•North ______horrors of ______
•Slavery had been around since ______times
•Founding ______had slaves
•Spreading the ______to un-churched ______
•Slaves were ______cared for than Northern ______workers
MISSOURI ______1820
•______added as slave state so…
•Maine added as ______state to maintain ______of free & slave
•Compromise line drawn across ______Purchase – no new states ______of the line (except Missouri) could have slaves
COMPROMISE OF ______
•______joined the Union as a free state
•Mexican ______: Divided into two territories, New Mexico & Utah
–People in New ______& Utah would ______to decide if their state would allow slavery - Popular ______
•Sale of ______would be illegal in D.C.
•______Slave Act
Federal law that ______must aid in the capture & return of ______slaves
______-______ACT of 1854
•Again the issue of ______states as slave or free
•Repeals ______Compromise line
•Gave ______& Nebraska ______Sovereignty
•______in violence throughout ______territory
RESULTS OF______-NEBRASKAACT
•______sovereignty causes a small war in Kansas
•“Border ______” from ______sides come to vote
•Violence breaks out
Abolitionist John ______led 5 pro-slavery men from their homes & hacked them to death with ______(Pottawatomie Massacre)
•Creation of the ______Party
______the spread of slavery
Created in direct ______to slavery supporters
Goals
- Fight ______
- ______Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Repeal Fugitive ______Act
DIRECT CAUSES OF THE “SIVIL” WAR
Sectionalism
Spansion/Slavery
State’s Rights
Supreme Court Decisions
______
•North: Industrial Society
Pro-Tariffs b/c they could sell their products for more
•______: Agricultural Society
Against high tariffs because manufactured goods get more expensive
Westward ‘Spansion
•North: Wanted new states to ____ have ______
•South: Wanted new states to have ______
State’s Rights
•North: Believed the ______was______
•South: South Carolina argued that states are______and could ______
______DECISION:
•Supreme ______Chief Justice Roger ______rules on case
•Supreme Court rules ______people from Africa are ______protected by the Constitution
–they will ______be U.S. citizens
–______may not sue in court
–U.S. Congress can’t ______slavery in any ______
–Slaves ______be taken away from their owners w/o due process (because they are ______)
LINCOLN-______DEBATES
•Series of _____ debates by presidential candidates Stephen A. ______& Abraham ______(both of ______)
•______: popular sovereignty & majority rule
•Lincoln: opposed the spread of ______& supported ______rights
•Lincoln makes his famous “______” speech
JOHN BROWN’S RAID- ______FERRY
•John Brown, ______abolitionist, dedicates his life to ridding the world of slavery
•Bleeding Kansas Guy
•Leads a ______on Harpers Ferry attempting to start a ______uprising
•______slave uprising; John ______and men are ______
ELECTION OF 1860- ______ELECTION
•______A. Douglas; ______Democrat
•Abraham Lincoln; ______
•John C. Breckinridge; Southern ______
•John ______; Constitutional Union
•Lincoln is elected President ______winning a single ______vote in the ______States
SECESSION
•South no longer felt ______
•______believed states entered ______freely & could ______freely
•December 20, 1860, ______officially seceded
•______other states of Lower South follow
•February ______—these states proclaimed themselves a new nation the Confederate States of America, or ______
•______(former ______from Mississippi) elected ______of the Confederacy
•Montgomery, AL. established as the ______(later moved to ______, VA)
Causes Project- You choose!!!
Assignment: Create a booklet, a poster, a poem, or write a journal for each of the following terms:
Abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison/Liberator, Harriet Beecher Stowe/Uncle Tom’s Cabin, & Harriet Tubman/Underground Railroad; Slave Revolts & Reactions; Missouri Compromise; Popular Sovereignty; Compromise of 1850; Kansas-Nebraska Act & Bleeding Kansas; Sectionalism; Dred Scott Decision; Election of 1860
For booklet: one page for each + a cover; for Poster: one panel for each + a title; for a poem: one verse for each, each verse must contain 4-8 lines; for the journal: 2 pages; must include details on all of the words.
For each term: Must include a summary of what it was / how it impacted America and helped lead to the division between North and South
**This is worth 95 points**
Crossword Vocabulary- EXTRA CREDIT
Name:______
Period:______
Across
3. States in which slavery is illegal
4. An abolitionist newspaper edited by William Lloyd Garrison
5. To join a new territory to an existing country
6. Law making popular sovereignty policy in certain western territories
9. The largest slave revolt; occurred in Virginia
10. The government of the seceded American states
12. Fanatical abolitionist who led a raid on the south
13. A series of seven debates with slavery being the central issue
14. Court case stating that slaves were merely property
15. Disliking people not from America- nativism
16. To withdraw from the Union
17. States that were in-between the slave and free states
18. Law requiring Northerners to return run-away slaves to their owners
19. Compromise that eased the tension between slave states and free states
20. States in which slavery is legal
Down
1. The Compromise that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state
2. Citizens themselves making the decision regarding slavery
7. Best-selling anti-slavery book; authored by Harriet Beecher Stowe
8. Political party founded in the support of nativism- know nothing party
11. Movement to end slavery