Muscle Worksheet

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A Ecl 365

Muscle Worksheet

1. Name 3 function of the muscle system.
2. Locomotion
3. Eating and digestion
4. Circulation of blood
5. Breathing
6. Communication-talking, touching, etc.

1. Types of muscle include: ______, ______, and ______.

Describe each.

1. Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
2. Skeletal- attached to bones via tendons
3. Long cylindrical fibers with alternate light and dark bands (striations)
4. Associated with limbs , respiratory system, etc.
5. Responsible for voluntary motions
6. Adults cannot increase # cells, but can increase size
7. Cardiac
8. Striated but also branched
9. Associated only with the heart
10. Fast acting, but involuntary
11. Intercalated discs join fibers to coordinate simultaneous contraction
12. Smooth Muscle
13. Not striated, associated with the digestive system, blood vessels, and respiratory system
14. Involuntary
15. Slow acting and not branched
16. Spindle-shaped

1. The individual units comprising muscle are called ______and a

bundle of these form a ______

1. fibers, fascicle

1. ______attaches bones to muscles
2. tendons (or connective tissue)

1. ______join cardiac muscle fibers to coordinate simultaneous contraction
2. Intercalated discs

1. What type(s) of muscle are involuntary
2. Smooth, cardiac

1. Muscles ______, but cannot push. Therefore, they ______and

______. Muscles work in ______.

1. Pull, contract and shorten, pairs

1. What is the functional unit of the muscle?
2. Sarcomere
3. From z-line to z-line is a sarcomere (functional unit of muscle)

1. What is a sarcolemma?
2. Membrane surrounding a muscle fiber.

1. Describe the types of myofilaments
2. Myosin myofilament- thick, contain the protein myosin
3. Actin myofilaments- thin, contain the protein actin

1. Describe a myofibril
2. Made of a series of light and dark alternating bands
3. Dark bands (Z-lines) hold individual units together along the myofibril
4. From z-line to z-line is a sarcomere (functional unit of muscle)

1. What happens during muscle contraction (on the cellular level)?
2. During contraction, length of sarcomere is reduced
3. There are cross bridges between the 2 types of filaments and they slide past one another, moving the z-lines closer together, contracting
4. During relaxation, bridges no longer there, filaments then can slide apart

1. Fill in the blanks for the structure of muscle.

→Muscle

→Fascicle

→Fiber

→Myofibril

→Myofilament

→Actin & Myosin

1. In reference to muscle control, tension is controlled by the

______.

1. Number of motor neurons recruited by the brain

1. ______control skeletal muscle.
2. Motor neurons (possibly ‘nerves’)

1. Name an energy source for muscles.
2. ATP - (adenosine triphosphate) is an energy source for muscle
3. ADP + creatine phosphate  ATP + creatin
4. If creatine phosphate is depleted, muscles break down carbohydrates, to get additional energy

1. What are myomers?
2. Fish muscles arranged in segmental bands (Also salamanders)

1. Reptiles move by ______
2. Lateral undulations
3. Describe the muscle arrangement of birds.
4. Fast muscle fibers make up flight muscles - able to sustain long period without fatigue
5. Pectoral muscles proportionately largest of any vertebrate; can be 25% body mass.