Multiple Choice Review

1.  We know that the kinetic energy of an object can be calculated utilizing the formula KE = 1/2mv2. Suppose the KE of helium atoms is equal to the KE of iron atoms. Why might one have a much higher velocity than the other?

  1. difference in number of protons
  2. difference in number of electrons
  3. difference in atomic mass
  4. difference in kinetic energy

2.  Some characteristics are true for all elements on the periodic table. Which of the following statements accurately identifies one such characteristic?

  1. The less mass the higher velocity, if all other conditions are equal
  2. The atoms from all elements are light enough to escape from Earth’s atmosphere.
  3. All atoms found on Earth, were once found within stars
  4. Both A & C

3.  Organic monomers may have originated on Earth, but may also have been brought to early Earth. What is one theory of how they might have been brought to Earth?

  1. organic monomers were brought to Earth by alien plants and animals
  2. organic monomers originated from stars that exploded long ago
  3. organic monomers were brought to Earth by meteorites
  4. organic monomers were brought to Earth by comets.

4.  Stanley Miller developed an experiment to test which hypothesis

  1. that organic monomers originated on Earth
  2. that organic monomers originated in stars
  3. that organic monomers were brought to Earth
  4. that organic monomers developed after cells

5.  Ultimately, others have developed experiments expanding upon Stanley Miller’s work. In these more recent experiments, which of the following molecules have been produced?

  1. Proteins
  2. Cells
  3. Sugars
  4. All of the above

6.  If chemical evolution requires specific conditions, what are those conditions?

  1. oxygen present - inorganic molecules - adequate time - hydrogen and helium in atmosphere
  2. oxygen absent- inorganic molecules present - high energy input - adequate time
  3. oxygen absent - organic polymers present - low UV radiation - adequate time
  4. oxygen present - organic polymers present - ozone present - adequate time

7.  Identify the process shown in the illustration below:

http://kasper-achs-block2.wikispaces.com

  1. Dehydration synthesis
  2. Hydration synthesis
  3. Hydrolysis
  4. De-polymerization

8.  One end of a phospholipid molecule forms hydrogen bonds with water. We can describe this end of the molecule as the ______.

  1. polar hydrophilic end
  2. polar hydrophobic end
  3. non-polar hydrophilic end
  4. non-polar hydrophobic end

9.  Which of the characteristics of life relate to an organism’s change as it proceeds through a life cycle?

  1. adaptation
  2. development
  3. sexual reproduction
  4. response

10.  Which characteristic refers to regulation?

  1. Adaptation
  2. Environmental response
  3. Adaptation
  4. Homeostasis

11.  The extinction of the American mastodon occurred approximately 6,000 years ago. If the average human lifetime is 70 years, approximately how many lifetimes ago did these animals become extinct?

  1. 8.6 lifetimes
  2. 86 lifetimes
  3. 420,000 lifetimes
  4. 4,200 lifetimes

Use the table provided below to answer questions 12, 13, and 14

Event / Time / Event / Time
Formation of Earth / 4.6 BYA / Mammals / 200 MYA
A. / 3.6 BYA / Birds / 150 MYA
First Prokaryotic Cell / 3.5 BYA / D. / 85 MYA
Photosynthesis (in Cyanobacteria) / 3.0 BYA / Dinosaurs Extinction / 65 MYA
First Eukaryotic Cell (single celled) / 2.0 BYA / First Hominids (Genus Homo) / 2.5 MYA
First Eukaryote (multi-cellular) / 1.0 BYA / First Homo habilis (species of hominid that made the first stone tools) / 2.4 MYA
B. / 600 MYA / First Homo neanderthalensis / 350,000 YA
Simple Animals in Oceans / 600 MYA / First Early Humans (Homo sapiens) / 100,000 YA
Fish / 500 MYA / Extinction of Homo neanderthalensis / 30,000 YA
First Vertebrate appears (fish) / 480 MYA / Extinction of Wooly Mammoth / 10,000 YA
C. / 360 MYA / Extinction of America Mastodon / 6, 000 YA
Reptiles / 320 MYA / The Fall of the Roman Empire / 1,500 YA

12.  LUCA existed during the time period marked

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D

13.  The first single celled eukaryote occurred approximately ______years after the Earth was formed.

  1. 3.6 billion
  2. 2.6 billion
  3. 2.6 million
  4. 3.6 million

14.  Approximately how long after the first vertebrates appeared, did dinosaurs become extinct?

  1. 39.5 my
  2. 480 my
  3. 395 my
  4. 48.0 my

15.  Amino acids have an identifiable structure. Which of the following accurately represents that structure?

  1. ammonia - carbon group - side chain
  2. NO2 - COH - side chain
  3. NH3 - COOH - side chain
  4. N2OH- COOH - side chain

16.  When proteins are formed , their monomers are linked together to form

a ______.

  1. polypeptide
  2. monopeptide
  3. bipeptide
  4. plurapeptide

17.  Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the structure of proteins?

  1. The structure of a protein is the major factor in its function.
  2. The structure of a protein has some impact on its function.
  3. The structure of a protein can change, without impacting its function.
  4. The structure of a protein results from being changed by enzyme reactions.

18.  Glucose is an example of a(n) ______, and is a ______.

  1. inorganic molecule; carbohydrate
  2. carbohydrate; disaccharide
  3. protein; monocarbohydrate
  4. carbohydrate; monosaccharide

19.  Polysaccharides play important roles in cells. Which of the following correctly matches one type of polysaccharide with its primary function?

  1. starch, storage
  2. starch, cell walls
  3. glucose, cell walls
  4. cellulose, storage

20.  There are five types of nitrogenous bases, four of which are found within DNA molecules. These are:

  1. adenine, thymine, guanine, uracil
  2. adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine
  3. adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
  4. adenine, uracil, phosphate, ribose

21.  The nucleotides of DNA pair bond utilizing ______bonds. ______bonds with guanine and ______bonds with ______.

  1. oxygen; cytosine, adenine, uracil
  2. hydrogen; guanine, adenine, cytosine
  3. hydrogen; cytosine, adenine, thymine
  4. helium; cytosine, adenine, thymine

22.  The image below represents a(n) ______fatty acid, identifiable because of its ______bond(s).

  1. saturated fat; single carbon
  2. saturated fat; double carbon
  3. unsaturated; double carbon
  4. unsaturated, single carbon

Use the table of results below to answer question 23

Results from an experiment testing for presence of specific chemicals. Indicators used are listed across the top of the chart.

unknown / Lugol’s iodine / Sudan stain / Biuret reagent /
1 / positive / Negative / negative

23.  The results of the lab tests performed (shown in the data table above) indicate that unknown #1 contains ______. This is because the ______changed from light brown to blue black during the test.

  1. proteins; Lugol’s
  2. sugars; Biuret
  3. starch; Lugol’s
  4. lipids; Lugol’s

24. 
The image below represents monomer of a nucleic acid. Which of the lists below accurately identifies the components of this monomer?

  1. 1 = sugar; 2 = phosphate; 3 = base
  2. 1 = base; 2 = sugar; 3 = phosphate
  3. 1 = phosphate; 2 = sugar; 3 = base
  4. 1 = sugar; 2 = base; 3 = phosphate

25.  Cell membranes allow some materials to pass freely, therefore, they are considered to be ______

  1. selectively permeable
  2. ionically permeable
  3. completely permeable
  4. protein permeable

Use the illustration below to answer

26.  Using the information found within the illustration above, determine the concentration of NaCl outside of the cell and the concentration of NaCl inside of the cell.

  1. Outside = 2.0g/ml; inside = 0.1g/ml
  2. Outside = 5.0g/ml; inside = 10.0g/ml
  3. Outside = 50.0g/ml; inside =1.0g/ml
  4. Outside = 0.20g/ml; inside 0.10g/ml

27.  Based upon the concentrations of NaCl inside and outside of the bag, the outside environment is considered to be ______relative to the inside of the bag.

  1. hypertonic
  2. isotonic
  3. hypotonic
  4. equatonic

28.  A cell will likely shrink or shrivel up when placed into a ______environment.

  1. Hypotonic
  2. Hypertonic
  3. Isotonic
  4. Neutral tonic

29.  What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common?

  1. They both involved the movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration.
  2. They both involve the transport but facilitated diffusion requires energy for movement across the cell membrane.
  3. They both involve the movement of molecules that require proteins for movement across the cell membrane.
  4. They both involve the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

30.  What is the purpose of active transport if molecules can already move into and out of the cell by diffusion or facilitated transport?

  1. Some molecules must move down the concentration gradient and energy is required to accomplish this.
  2. Water molecules need to move even when solutions are isotonic and energy is needed for this.
  3. Some molecules must move against the concentration gradient and energy is needed to accomplish this.
  4. Molecules that are too large to pass directly through the phospholipid membrane must use energy to pass through.

Cells are placed in a liquid environment. The concentration of glucose outside of the cells is 30mg/ml. The concentration of glucose inside of the cells is 3g/l. Use this information to answer questions 35 below:

31.  Assuming the glucose is the only solute, in which direction will osmosis occur?

  1. Water will diffuse into the cell.
  2. Water will diffuse out of the cell.
  3. Water is already in equilibrium
  4. The solute will move out of the cell.

32.  The formation of a membrane has allowed cells to regulate materials coming into and out of the cell. This allows the cell to maintain ______.

  1. an isotonic state
  2. acidic pH
  3. isolation
  4. homeostasis

33.  Molarity is one way to measure the concentration of a solution. We dissolve 0.15 moles of KMnO4 in 0.75 L of solution. What is the molarity of the solution?

  1. 0.5M
  2. 2.0M
  3. 0.2M
  4. 5.0M

34.  Which of the following characteristics are not associated with catalysts?

  1. Change DG of the reaction
  2. Speed up reactions
  3. Remain unchanged
  4. Lower activation energy

35.  The graphs below show the same reaction, with the energy of activation required for each reaction. Which graph represents the reaction with the contribution of an enzyme?

http://cnx.org/content/m46004/latest/?collection=col11496/latest

  1. a represents the reaction with the enzyme
  2. b represents the reaction with the enzyme
  3. neither represents the reaction with the enzyme
  4. both represent the reaction with the enzyme

36.  How might a significant variation from the optimal temperature or pH affect an enzyme in a reaction?

  1. The enzyme will perform faster if the pH and temperature are extremely high.
  2. The enzyme will perform slower if the pH and temperature are extremely high.
  3. Any significant variation will denature the enzyme.
  4. Any significant variation will cause dehydration synthesis in the enzyme.

37.  There are a few ways in which the human body will increase internal temperature above the normal 37o Celsius. Why might this potentially be a problem?

  1. The optimal temperature for bacterial enzymes are 40oC and above.
  2. At 40oC and above, bacterial enzymes will be denatured.
  3. At 40oC and above, human enzymes will be denatured.
  4. The optimal temperature for viral enzymes are 40oC and above.

Use the data provided in the table below to answer this question:

“Normal” values for human blood test for five indicators:

Partial pressure of oxygen / 75-100 mmHg
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide / 38-42 mmHg
Arterial blood pH / 7.38 – 7.42
Oxygen saturation / 94 – 100%
Bicarbonate / 22-28 mg/L

38.  Based upon the data provided, enzymes found in our blood most likely have an optimal pH range, which is ______.

  1. neutral
  2. basic
  3. acidic
  4. acidic or basic

39.  The graph below shows the action of two enzymes, pepsin and trypsin, both of which are found in the human body. Trypsin is found primarily within the small intestine while pepsin is found within the stomach. What is the pH of the stomach and small intestine?

  1. Both tend to be neutral environments
  2. The small intestine is acidic while the stomach is basic
  3. The small intestine is neutral while the stomach is basic
  4. The small intestine is neutral while the stomach is acidic

40.  Which of the following is not true regarding the active site of an enzyme?

  1. It is specific to a substrate
  2. It may require a cofactor
  3. It can be denatured
  4. It can be utilized only once

41.  Which of the following best describes how a competitive inhibitor may affect the enzyme substrate complex?

  1. A competitive inhibitor binds to non-active site obstructing the reaction.
  2. A competitive inhibitor binds to a non-active site encouraging the reaction.
  3. A competitive inhibitor binds to the active site encouraging the reaction.
  4. A competitive inhibitor binds to the active site obstructing the reaction.

42.  The image below represents a type of inhibition. Which type of inhibition is seen in this illustration?

  1. Competitive inhibition
  2. Non-competitive inhibition
  3. Accidental inhibition
  4. Irreversible inhibition

43.  Increasing the concentration of the substrate in the above situation will most likely

  1. Inhibit the reaction
  2. Inhibit the enzyme’s function
  3. Increase the enzyme concentration
  4. Increase the rate of the reaction

44.  Below is an illustration representing how a product of a reaction can have an impact on the reaction itself. What type of interaction is seen in this illustration?

  1. Allosteric inhibition
  2. Feedback activation
  3. Allosteric denaturation
  4. Feedback inhibition

45.  What molecules and bonding connects one strand of DNA to another strand of DNA?

  1. Purine and pyrimidine connected by hydrogen bonds
  2. Purine and purine connected by hydrogen bonds
  3. Pyrimidine and pyrimidine connected by hydrogen bonds
  4. Sugar and base connected by hydrogen bonds.

46.  Both DNA and RNA contain codes for the production of molecules. Where is this code contained?

  1. in the sequence of phosphate groups
  2. in the sequence of amino acids
  3. in the sequence of bases
  4. in the sequence of sugars

47.  If one strand of DNA is A-A-T-C-C-C-T-G-A what is the base sequence of the complimentary strand of DNA?