Multiple Choice: Industrialization

Multiple Choice: Industrialization

1. During the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century, farmers in the United States worked to increase their land holdings and modernize their equipment. A lasting effect of these changes was

a. higher prices for crops

b. increased rural population density

c. a shortage of land for farming

d. greater productivity of farming

2. One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was

a. a decrease in child labor

b. an increase in the demand for handicraft goods

c. a decrease in immigration to the United States

d. an increase in urbanization

3. Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s?

a. Unions were needed to guarantee

a steady supply of workers

b. Union membership was required

for employment in new

industries

c. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their larger

workforce

d. Unions organized industrial

workers to protest unsafe

working conditions and long workdays.

4.What effect of 19th-century industrialization in the United States is represented by the changes shown in the above graph?

a. increased regulation of child labor

b. modernization of agriculture

c. decreased demand for farm products

d. emigration from the US

5. What problem arising from U.S. industrialization did the progressive reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries wan the federal government to address?

a. use of child labor in the workplace

b. unfair taxes on the wealthy

c. restrictions on the use of natural

resources

d. lack of capital for railroad

expansion

6. As a result of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, progressive reformers sought government regulation of business in order to

a. control economic cycles of

inflation and recession

b. provide money for public services

such as schools and libraries

c. restore competition by limiting the power of monopolies and trusts

d. prevent companies from moving

their factories to other countries

7. The appearance in many U.S. cities of department stores, organized sporting events, musical theaters and amusement parks in the last decades of the 19th century was evidence of what effect of industrialization?

a. improved living conditions on

American farms

b. the growing power of unions to

negotiate benefits for their

members

c. government-sponsored programs

to improve public health and

education

d. an increase in the leisure time and disposable income of the urban middle class

8. In 1770 James Hargreaves of England received a patent for his spinning jenny. Another Englishman, Samuel Crompton, combined the spinning jenny with a water frame. He called his new invention the spinning mule. The spinning jenny and spinning mule are examples of

a. cultural changes

b. socioeconomic changes

c. technological advances

d. communication advances

9. In the late 19th century, industrialization led to harsh working conditions in the United States. Which policies of the U.S. government allowed such conditions to develop and later led to the growth of labor unions to correct abuses of workers?

a. laissez faire policies toward big

business

b. antitrust policies toward monopolies

c. imperialist policies regarding

territorial expansion

d. isolationist policies regarding

international alliances

10. Railroads brought goods and people to America’s trade and manufacturing centers. Chicago grew as a meatpacking city. Philadelphia became a manufacturing center for steel and coal. New York grew as a thriving center for trade. Increased industrialization led to

1. Improved sanitation and housing
2. The elimination of the working class
3. Improvements in the lifestyle of the working class
4. An increase in the number of people working in manufacturing

11. Labor unions formed as a way to help workers

1. Find better jobs
2. Learn more skilled trades
3. Improve their working conditions
4. Increase the hours children could work

12. As part of the garment industry, adults and children worked in small, crowded rooms called sweatshops making new clothes. Their hours were long. Their pay was little. Often the rooms were dark. What advantage were sweatshops to the textile industry?

1. They eliminated textile factories
2. Kept the cost of production low
3. They employed only women and children
4. They helped families create their own small businesses

13. In which countries did industrialization take place?

1. In those that had limited trade routes
2. In those that had largely rural populations
3. In those that had coal or other power source
4. In those that wanted to maintain traditional ways of working

14. What is the meaning of the cartoon?

1. The children need food.
2. The children need new clothes.
3. Capitalists cared about child welfare.
4. Children are being treated as property.

15. Industrialization affected the United States

1. Through the growth of urban centers
2. By encouraging the westward movement
3. Through the growth of small family farms
4. By emigration from the United States to Europe.

16. In his article, The Gospel of Wealth, Andrew Carnegie stated, “The contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us today…is not to be deplored, but welcomed as highly beneficial. It is…essential for the progress of the race.”

Andrew Carnegie

1. Believed in equality
2. Promoted regulation of industry as a means to wealth
3. Felt a class system was essential
4. Believed that everyone should receive the same opportunities.

17. The Industrial Revolution began in which country?

1. France
2. Great Britain
3. Japan
4. The United States

18. Which was the first industry impacted by the Industrial Revolution?

1. Automobile
2. Electrical appliances
3. Steel
4. Textile

19. Which of the following was NOT an effect of the Industrial Revolution?

1. An increasing number of people worked in factories
2. An increasing number of people lived in cities
3. An increasing number of people worked on family farms
4. An increasing number of people left the family farms

20. In response to industrialism, which of the following did Karl Marx envision would inevitably occur?

1. The wealthy class would grow more powerful
2. The middle class would grow more powerful
3. The lower class would grow more powerful
4. There would be a classless society

21. Which of the following societal changes was brought on by the Industrial Revolution?

1. Coal miners moved out of the cities
2. Rural folk moved to cities for factory jobs
3. Farm wives gained a valuable source of income
4. Seamstresses were promoted to management positions

22. Cities had been built on rivers from the very beginning of human civilization. When the Industrial Revolution began, growing cities were often located close to what other resource?

1. Farmland
2. Oil wells
3. Child labor
4. Coal and iron mines

23. The major feature of industrial cities in Britain was a growing population. How did population growth affect these industrial cities?

1. Population growth created more jobs
2. Population growth resulted in more schools
3. Population growth encouraged migration to rural areas
4. Population growth led to overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions

24. Certain conditions workers faced in growing industries led them to form labor unions. Which of the following conditions was most responsible for the growth of unions?

1. Long hours and low wages
2. Women in the workforce
3. Lack of skilled jobs in factories
4. Violence in the workplace

25. Industrialization began in northeastern Europe, but later spread to the rest of the world. This expansion was a result of

1. Improved transportation
2. Better working conditions
3. A ban on child labor
4. Reliance on a family-based economy

POPULATION OF SELECT BRITISH CITIES, 1801-1891

TOWN / 1801 / 1861 / 1891
Birmingham / 74,000 / 296,000 / 523,000
Leeds / 53,000 / 207,000 / 429,000
Liverpool / 80,000 / 444,000 / 704,000
Manchester / 90,000 / 339,000 / 645,000

26. Which development best explains the pattern shown in the chart above?

1. The Enlightenment
2. The Industrial Revolution
3. The Irish Potato Famine
4. The American Revolution

27. As the inventions and methods of the Industrial Revolution spread around the world, they brought many important changes. What was an important effect of industrialization in the United States?

1. A decline in the size of the middle class
2. A decline in the use of labor-saving technologies
3. An increase in migration from the countryside to the cities
4. An increase in the demand for hand-made goods

“It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which endless smoke trailed forever and ever. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye.”

28. This is a quotation from the novel Hard Times, by Charles Dickens. The condition of the town described in this passage illustrates the effects of the

1. Enlightenment
2. American Revolution
3. Industrial Revolution
4. French Revolution

29. Why was industrialization in the United States primarily concentrated in the Northeast?

1. This region had the greatest supplies of capital and labor.
2. The climate of the North favored industrial development.
3. Other regions of the country lacked water transportation.
4. The Midwest and South had fewer natural resources.

“Crouched over the coal chutes, the boys sit hour after hour, picking out the pieces of slate. I once tried to do the work a twelve-year old boy was doing day after day, for ten hours at a stretch, for sixty cents a day. The gloom appalled me.”

-John Spargo

30. What development did the conditions described in this quotation lead to?

1. Passage of child labor laws
2. Ideas of the Enlightenment
3. Spread of imperialism to Africa
4. A migration from the countryside to cities

31. A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts is a

1. Factory
2. Corporation
3. Stock
4. Monopoly

32. The economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit is called

1. Capitalism
2. Socialism
3. Communism
4. Democracy

33. The coauthor of The Communist Manifesto who described communism as a form of complete socialism in which the people own the means of production was

1. Adam Smith
2. Karl Marx
3. Thomas Jefferson
4. Jane Addams

34. The economic policy that favors a free marked unregulated by government is called

1. Utilitarianism
2. Socialism
3. Laissez faire
4. Monopolies

35. Large fields surrounded by fences or hedges, in which landowners experimented with seeding and harvesting methods to boost crop yields, were called

1. Enclosures
2. Stocks
3. Entrepreneurs
4. Farms

36. The economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all people is called

1. Capitalism
2. Utilitarianism
3. Socialism
4. Laissez faire

37. The process of developing machine production of goods is called

1. Enclosure
2. Industrialization
3. Urbanization
4. Crop rotation

38. Land, labor, and capital are ______, or resources needed to produce goods and services.

1. Factors of production
2. Urbanization
3. Entrepreneur
4. Industrialization

39. A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business is an

1. Industrialist
2. Capitalist
3. Entrepreneur
4. Communist

40. The building of cities and the movement of people to the cities is called

1. Industrialization
2. Urbanization
3. Enclosure
4. Citification

41. The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1799s is called the ______.

1. Industrial Revolution
2. Enlightenment
3. Urban Movement
4. Great Migration

42. The ______is a social class of people made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers.

1. Middle class
2. Lower class
3. Upper class
4. Urbanites

43. This is NOT one of the reasons contributing to making Great Britain the starting place for the Industrial Revolution.

1. Population growth
2. Ready supply of capital
3. Plentiful natural resources
4. Lack of industrial markets

44. This is the production method done by individuals in their rural homes.

a. Cottage industry

b. Laissez faire

c. Capitalism

d. Puddling

45. This is the system in which society owns and controls the means of production.

a. Socialism

b. Capitalism

c. Classless society

d. Democracy

46. He discovered the first radio waves. a. Alexander Graham Bell

b. Karl Marx

c. Guglielmo Marconi

d. Leopold II

47. These were the working class oppressed.

a. Bourgeoisie

b. Capitalist

c. Revisionists

d. Proletariat

48. One of these is NOT part of mass society.

1. New elite
2. Middle class
3. Upper class
4. Working class

49. ______is the movement for gaining women’s rights.

1. Suffrage
2. Capitalism
3. Feminism
4. Socialism

50. A ______is a government in which a person or group has absolute power.

1. Democracy
2. Dictatorship
3. Socialist government
4. Communist government

51. He wrote the Communist Manifesto.

1. Marconi
2. Marx
3. Edison
4. Lenin

52. Which one of these was NOT an effect of compulsory education (that means people being forced to get an education)?

1. Educated voters
2. Increased literacy
3. Trained people to work in factories
4. Started feminism

53. What basic right were women denied until WWI?

1. Suffrage
2. Right to own property
3. Right to work
4. Right to liberty

54. True or False: Women and children made up 2/3 of the cotton workers during the Industrial Revolution?

1. True
2. False

55. This was one of the main causes of railroads being built more during the Industrial Revolution.

1. More places to go
2. Cheaper production of steel
3. Improvement of working conditions
4. Women need jobs

56. True or False: Compulsory Education meant that all boys and girls were forced to attend school.

1. True
2. False

57. ______is the right of unions to negotiate with employers over wages and hours.

1. Collective Bargaining
2. Trade union
3. Assembly line
4. Socialism

58. Which of the following was NOT a new form of leisure activity during the industrial revolution?

1. Newspapers
2. Swimming pools
3. Amusement parks
4. Organized sports teams

59. Why did cities grow so quickly in the 19th century?

1. Because of migration from rural areas
2. Because of disease
3. Because of tenements
4. Because of new leisure activities

60. Which of the following was the first professional baseball team?

1. Brooklyn Dodgers
2. Cincinnati Reds
3. New York Yankees
4. Boston Red Sox

61. Laissez faire philosophers/economists supported which of the following?

a. Child labor

b. Minimum wage laws

c. Lack of government interference.

d. Better working conditions

62. What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th century Britain and elsewhere in Western Europe?

a. Poor crop yields

b. Improved living conditions in cities

c. Industrialization

d. More efficient transportation systems

63. Which of the following factors MOST contributed to the shorter life span of those living in cities as opposed to those in the country during the Industrial Revolution?

a. Long working hours

b. Illness caused by unhealthy conditions

c. Inadequate housing

d. Excessive garbage

64. Read the following excerpt from Hannah Goode, a young female textile mill worker in England in 1833.

“William Crookes is overlooker in our room. He is cross-tempered sometimes. He does not beat me; he beats the little children if they do not do their work right…I have sometimes seen the little children drop asleep or so, but not lately. If they are catched asleep they get the strap. They are always very tired at night…I can read a little; I can’t write. I used to go to school before I went to the mill; I have since I am sixteen.”

Which of the following statements could be ascertained from the above reading?

a. Young laborers received low and unfair wages compared to adult workers

b. There was a major lack of child

labor laws in England during the Industrial Revolution

c. Children typically go to school during the day and work at night

d. None of the above assumptions can be made

65. Why were the poorer social classes more likely to support the theory of communism during the Industrial Revolution?

1. Communism promised economic equality
2. Communism offered an opportunity to get rich
3. the poor would work hard enough under communism to enter the

middle class

d. Communism promised a more urbanized and thus modernized society

66. The crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the Agricultural Revolution increased crop yields…

1. by allowing more land to rest.
2. by increasing nutrients in the soil
3. by ensuring that more of the seeds that were planted actually sprouted
4. by decreasing the amount of land used to grow nutrient-depleting crops.

67. All of the following were results of the agricultural revolution in Britain EXCEPT that…

1. Food prices decreased
2. Population increased
3. the number of farmers increased
4. the average size of farms increased

68. What were the long-term effects of Marx and Engels’ The Communist Manifesto?

1. Working classes worldwide demanded a “dictatorship of the proletariat”.
2. Marx and Engels proved correct as economic forces alone ruled society
3. In the 1900s, Marxism inspired revolutionaries such as Russia’s Lenin.
4. The 1848 and 1849 revolts shook Europe but were suppressed.

USE THE POPULATION GROWTH CHART BELOW TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

69. Which city showed the smallest percentage increase in population?

a. Liverpool

b. London

c. Edinburgh

d. Glasgow

70. Which city would be ranked with the second largest population in 1850?

a. Birmingham

b. Liverpool

c. Edinburgh

d. Glasgow

71. What reason might account for the city that had the smallest increase in growth?

a. Industry was slow to grow in the city.

b. Sickness was widespread in that city.

c. Natural resources were scarce in that city.

d. Population was already high in that city.

72. Which of the following best explains why some countries industrialized more slowly than others?

1. they lacked the drive
2. they lacked the factors of production
3. they were engaged in more lucrative forms of economic activity
4. they lacked skilled workers

73. Read the quote below from Patience Kershaw when she testified before child labor commission then answer the following question.