Mr. Storie Atoms and Elements States of Matter Intro

Atoms

and

Elements

Solids Liquids and Gases

Solids

Liquids

Gases

Complete this table

state / have mass / take up space / take up a definite amount of space / have definite shapes / spread out to take shape of its container / small amounts fill large containers / can be invisible
solids / YES
liquids
gases / NO

1. Which properties do all solids, liquids, and gases have?

______

2. Which properties do only gases have?

______

3. Which property do solids and liquids have the gases do not have?

______

4. Which property do only solids have?

______

5. Which property do liquids and gases have the solids do not have?

______

Atomic Structure Worksheet

1. Fill in the blanks for the elements in this chart.

For the purposes of this chart, round all atomic masses to the nearest whole number.

Element / Symbol / Number of Protons / Number of Neutrons / Number of Electrons / Atomic Mass / Atomic Number
Lithium*
Carbon*
Chlorine*
silver
lead
Calcium*
tantalum
radium
samarium
uranium
americium
lawrencium

1. Fill in the table below.

Symbol / Charge / Location / Mass
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons

2. Use the Periodic Table to fill in the missing information in the table below:

Atomic Number / Element Symbol / Mass Number / Number of Protons / Number of Electrons / Number of Neutrons
a. / 11
b. / 40 / 20
c. / 17 / 18
d. / 18
e. / 52 / 24
f. / Li / 7
g. / 197 / 79
h. / 82 / 125
i. / * / Fe / 31
j. / * / 2 / 1
k. / * / 6 / 7
l. / * / Cl / 19

3. Examine the periodic table to help answer the following questions:

Draw Bohr diagrams for Hydrogen, Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium.

What do the drawings of these elements have in common?

Draw Bohr diagrams for Beryllium and Magnesium.

Based on your answers for the three questions above, and what you can see in the Periodic Table, predict the number of electrons in the outer ring of Calcium.

Predict the number of electrons in the outer rings of Boron, Aluminum, and Gallium.

Draw Bohr diagrams for Neon and Argon.

Why is Helium in the same column as Neon and Argon?

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE TO FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE TABLE:

Over the next few years you will be expected to memorize the symbols for the following elements.

(Most you will remember without trying just because you will use them so often)

Fill in the missing information:

Element / Symbol / Element / Symbol
Hydrogen / Lithium
He / Ar
Chlorine / Mercury
Ni / Al
Tin / Iron
U / Be
Nitrogen / Copper
Au / Zn
Fluorine / Sodium
Ne / B
Lead / Iodine
Mg / Si
Calcium / Oxygen
W / P
Potassium / Silver
S / C

PERIODIC TABLE SEARCH

OK detectives, grab your periodic tables and proceed to solve the mystery of the missing elements. You can use your textbook and notes if you think it will help.

1. Find and write down the names and the atomic number of the following elements:

a. Sc / h. Re / o. W
b. Mg / i. Tl / p. He
c. Bi / j. Tc / q. Pb
d. Ni / k. U / r. Si
e. Pt / l. Ne / s. Ag
f. Sn / m. Cs / t. S
g. Cf / n. Zn

2. Find and write down all the elements whose name begins with an R.

3. Find and write down at least 4 elements that are named after countries, states, or other places on Earth.

4. Find at least 3 elements that are named after scientists (write element and scientist names).

5. Find the number of metals in the periodic table in your science book.

6. Find the number of non-metals in the periodic table in your science book.

7. Find the number of elements that have only one letter for their symbol.

8. Find at least 3 elements that are named after planets or outer-space objects (write element and object).

9. What is the symbol for an important mineral in your body that is found in milk, cheese, bones and teeth?

10. The element found in Period 3, Group VIA (16) –

11. The element found in Period 2, Group 13 –

12. The gas element used in good party balloons –

13. The gas element found in fancy restaurant lights –

14. The element used to purify water –

15. A liquid element used in old thermometers –

16. The element used to shield your body during x-rays –

17. The element used most in electrical wiring –

18. The solid elements used in most common pencils (not lead) –

19. The radioactive element used as a fuel in nuclear reactors -

20. Some element symbols are based on the Greek and Latin names given when discovered. Use the Latin names listed below to try and find what elements they are:

Element / Symbol / Latin Name
Stibium
Cuprum
Aurum
Ferrum
Plumbum
Hydragyrum
Kalium
Argentum
Natrium
Stannum
Wolfram

Ionic Charges and Chemical Families

Use the Periodic Table to complete the following tables and answer the questions:

ALKALI METALS
Element
Name / Element Symbol / Bohr Diagram of Atom / # of Valence Electrons / Bohr Diagram of Stable Ion / Ionic
Charge
Li
Sodium

1. What can be said about all elements in the first Group – Alkali Metals?

ALKALI EARTH METALS
Element
Name / Element Symbol / Bohr Diagram of Atom / # of Valence Electrons / Bohr Diagram of Stable Ion / Ionic
Charge
Be
Magnesium

2. What can be said about all elements in the second Group – Alkali Earth Metals?

CHALCOGENS
Element
Name / Element Symbol / Bohr Diagram of Atom / # of Valence Electrons / Bohr Diagram of Stable Ion / Ionic
Charge
O
Sulphur

3. What can be said about all elements in the sixth Group (16) – Chalcogens?

HALOGENS
Element
Name / Element Symbol / Bohr Diagram of Atom / # of Valence Electrons / Bohr Diagram of Stable Ion / Ionic
Charge
F
Chlorine

4. What can be said about all elements in the seventh Group (17) – Halogens?

NOBLE GASES
Element
Name / Element Symbol / Bohr Diagram of Atom / # of Valence Electrons / WILL THIS ATOM FORM AN ION? / Ionic
Charge
Helium
Neon
Argon /

5. What can be said about all elements in the eighth Group (18) – Noble Gases?

6. What is the relationship between valence electrons and group number?

METALLIC ELEMENTS
Element
Name / Element Symbol / Bohr Diagram of Atom / # of Valence Electrons / Tendency to Gain or Lose electrons / Ionic
Symbol
Potassium
Calcium
Alumium /
NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS
Element
Name / Element Symbol / Bohr Diagram of Atom / # of Valence Electrons / Tendency to Gain or Lose electrons / Ionic
Symbol
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Bromine /

7. What is the general trend in ion formation for metals and non-metals?

Interpreting Chemical Formulas

Name of Substance / Chemical Formula / Compound or Element? / Elements present / How many atoms of each element?
water
(essential for all living things) / H2O / compound / hydrogen
oxygen / 2 atoms H
1 atom O
nitrogen gas
(part of air) / N2 / element
carbon dioxide
(part of air, and what we breath out) / CO2 / compound
potassium iodide / KI
sucrose
(table sugar) / C12H22O11
neon gas
(in bright store signs) / Ne
calcium carbide
(lets off explosive gas) / CaC2
tri-nitro-toluene
(TNT) / C7H5N3O6
sulfuric acid
(very corrosive) / H2SO4
lead (II) nitrate / Pb(NO3)2
oxygen gas
(part of air) / O2
ethanol
(alcohol) / C2H5OH
copper (II) nitrate / Cu(NO3)2
carbon tetrachloride
sulfur dioxide
(part of smog)
nitrogen trisulfide
Sodium bicarbonate
(baking soda)

Hints: di = 2 bi = 2 tri = 3 tetra = 4 carbonate = CO3

States of Matter

Name:______SLOT:______

1. What is matter?

2. Name the three states of matter?

3. List the properties/characteristics of a solid.

4. What is the special temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid called?

5. List the properties/characteristics of liquids.

6. What is the special temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas called?

7. What is evaporation?

8. List the properties/characteristics of a gas.

Please complete the following questions on density and properties of matter:

1. Use the density formula to calculate the density of the following samples. Show clearly how you determined your answer.

a. The volume of water in a container is 2 500 cm3. It has a mass of 2500 grams. What is the density of this water sample?

b. A sample of water has a mass of 2360 grams and a volume of 2.36 litres. If 1 litre equals 1000 cm3, what is the density of water in this sample?

c. A sample of lead has a mass of 165 g and its measured volume is 14.5 cm3. What is the density of lead?

2. What are the properties of the following substances that make them important for the stated uses?

a. Diamond is used in drill bits that travel through rock.

b. Antifreeze is used as a car coolant.

c. Helium is used to fill the Good Year blimp.

d. Hydrogen is not used to fill the Good Year blimp.

e. Copper is used in house wiring.

f. Aluminum is used on the cooling fins of a lawn mower engine.

g. Mercury is used as an electrical switch when movement is used to turn a motor on or off.

h. Tires are made of rubber.

i. Some cooking pots have a copper bottom.

j. Fiberglass insulation is used in walls.

3. Research aluminum.
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Al/uses.html

a. What are some of the properties of aluminum?

b. Describe some uses of aluminum based on its properties.

c. Why would it be a great idea to build a bridge out of aluminum?

d. Why is building a bridge out of aluminum a poor idea?

For each of the following, indicate whether the statement describes a physical or chemical property:

1. Aspirin tablets can be pulverized with a hammer.

2. Lithium metal burns in oxygen with a bright red flame.

3. Mercury is a liquid at room temperature.

4. Gold metal does not react with either hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.

5. Hemoglobin molecules have a red colour.

6. An iron nail is attracted to a magnet.

7. Diamonds are hard substances.

8. Chlorine gas has a yellowish green colour.

9. Beryllium metal vapour is extremely toxic to humans.

10. Ski goggles become fogged.

11. A rubber band can be stretched.

12. A firecracker explodes when lit.

13. A dry leaf can be crushed.

Physical vs. Chemical:

In a physical change, the original substance still exists, it has only changed form. In a chemical change, a new substance is produced. Energy changes always accompany chemical changes.

Classify the following as being a physical or chemical change:

1. Sodium hydroxide dissolves in water.

2. Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide to produce a salt, water and heat.

3. A pellet of sodium is sliced in two.

4. Water is heated and changed to steam.

5. Potassium chlorate decomposes to potassium chloride and oxygen gas.

6. Iron rusts.

7. When placed in water, sodium pellet catches on fire as hydrogen gas is liberated and sodium hydroxide forms.

8. Evaporation.

9. Ice melting.

10. Milk sours.

11. Sugar dissolves in water.

12. Wood rotting.

13. Pancakes cooking on a griddle.

14. A tire is inflated with air.

15. Food is digested in the stomach.

16. Water is absorbed by a paper towel.