Submitted by,
Mr.George Thomas,
1st year M.Sc Nursing,
Psychiatric Nursing,
2008-2010,
Sarvodaya College of Nursing,
Bangalore – 560079.
RAGIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.
1 / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS / Mr. GEORGE THOMAS,I ST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING,
SARVODAYA COLLEGE OF-NURSING,
AGRAHARA DASARAHALLI,
BANAGLORE – 560 079.
2 / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / Sarvodaya College of Nursing,
Banaglore – 560 079.
3. / COURSE OF THE STUDY AND SUBJECT / I st year M.Sc. Nursing.
[Psychiatric Nursing]
4. / DATE OF ADMISSION OF COURSE / 02.06.2008
5. / TITLE OF THE STUDY / “A Study On Assessing The Problem Solving Skill And Interpersonal Competence Among Nursing Students In Selected Nursing Colleges, Bangalore With A View To Develop An Information Booklet.”
6 / BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY
6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
6.6 SAMPLING CRITERIA
6.7 ASSUMPTIONS
6.8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE / Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
Enclosed
7 / MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1 Source of data-Data will be collected from the students in selected nursing colleges, Bangalore.
7.2 Method of data collection: Questionnaire method.
7.3 Does the study require and investigation or interventions to be conducted
on the patients or other human being or animals ? Yes.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institutions?
YES, ethical committee's report is here with enclosed.
PRO FORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION.
RAGIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1. / NAME OF THE CANIDATE AND ADDRESS / Mr. GEORGE THOMAS,I ST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING,
SARVODAYA COLLEGE-OF NURSING,
11/2, MAGADI ROAD,
AGRAHARA-DASARAHALLI,
BANAGLORE – 560 079.
2. / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / Sarvodaya College of- Nursing,
Banaglore – 560 079.
3. / COURSE OF THE STUDY AND SUBJECT / I st year M.Sc. Nursing.
[Psychiatric Nursing]
4. / DATE OF ADMISSION / 02.06.2008
5. / TITLE OF THE STUDY / “A Study On Assessing The Problem solving Skill And Interpersonal Competence Among Nursing Students In Selected Nursing colleges, Bangalore With A View To Develop An Information Booklet.”
6BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
6.1INTRODUCTION
“Learning how to learn is life's most important skill” – Charls. R. Swindoll.
Education has been assigned as an industry for human resource development for different walks of life. The aim of education is to lead each individual toward that knowledge and understanding of the world and of himself which permits him or her to have efficient constructive and co-operative living in society. The preservation of human society and its developments are built and sustained by the right human and social values learnt by the individuals. In the changed conditions of modern times, the objective of education has become very rigid to train the students for some job or career.
Bandura states the skills are abilities, which are learnt through a social learning process of observations, practice and reinforcement. These are universal in nature. Skills are an opportunity to identify the immense value of life skills in daily life. They are generic skills relevant across a wide range of situations, as well as across cultures.1
Problem solving Skills as self- helping skills that enable people to help themselves in dealing and coping with life’s challenges and demands. As such, life skills empower rather than weaken people. The same author adds that life skills are a component of education that is brought about by exposure in real situations.2
In common language, a problem is an unpleasant situation, a difficulty. A problem can be any task or assignment or project that you need to complete. Usually, it involves several different steps or stages. Some of these will require specific methods that are particular to your subject area. However, there are generic skills and processes that contribute to success for any kind of 'problem', whether writing an assignment, conducting a student project, undertaking projects at work, or taking on an undertaking in your personal life.
Problem solving skill is a type of life skill, Having made decisions about each of the options choosing the one which suits best following it through even in face of impediments, and going through the process again till a positive outcome is achieved. Many steps are involved in problem solving skill.
Many steps are involved in problem solving skill. First step is problem orientation, were recognizing that problem exists and that solving the difficulty is a worth while endeavor. Before tackle the problem it is important to clearly understand the problem and try to gather all the information about it. This comprises the second step. Third stage come up of alternative solution which should be prepared in our own mind .Next is the prominent step in problem solving that is decision making, this would help to narrow the previous stages. Eventually solution implementation and verification.3
Interpersonal dimension plays a critical role in student development. It is particularly critical for college students in establishing new interpersonal ties within new educational environments, beyond the familiar and secure spheres of family relations and long-standing friendships. It is at once a pivotal source and a central mode of expression for a student's developing self-identity. It also is the means of establishing group identity and identity within the larger postsecondary institution. The interpersonal domain is the mirror we hold up to get a better look at ourselves and the medium we use in making contact with other social beings.4
Peplau in his theory of interpersonal relationship commended that Interpersonal competencies of nurses are key to assisting patients in the work necessary for regaining health and well-being.5
Based on the works of Chickering and Heath, the Interpersonal Dimension in turn can be differentiated into three components: Interpersonal Relatedness, Interpersonal Competence, and Social Perspective. Interpersonal Competence. Interpersonal competence refers to managing oneself effectively in working with others, in order to accomplish a common task requiring joint efforts. It refers to that set of interpersonal behavior and attitudes commonly known as "teamwork skills". Two stages along this continuum can be conceived as Unilateral Imposition and Collective Action. Development along this continuum reflects a shift from using group projects for satisfying personal needs, to assessing and orchestrating the collective needs and strengths of the group in effectively accomplishing a common goal.4
Problem solving skill and interpersonal competence enhances confidence in his life to confront the most difficult problem. These skills very much important in shaping the future of the students. Interpersonal relations smoothening the interactions of the individual with the society.
6.2NEED FOR STUDY
The existing education system in our country places more stress on acquiring information, knowledge, and technical skills rather than personality development, psychosocial competence and realizing once potentials. It is achievement orientated than being person oriented. It does not address the needs of all the Indian children, who in spite of various levels of scholastic achievement are capable of learning and need to develop those skills, which are needed to live effectively in this world.
One theoretical explanation of depression suggests that depressed individuals have deficits in social problem-solving skills and, thus, are less effective than their non depressed counterparts at coping with problems in daily life. Individuals with less effective social problem-solving skills are likely to experience lower rates of positive reinforcement and more negative outcomes from their environment relative to their more socially skilled peers. With behavior eliciting insufficient reinforcement from the environment, individuals are more likely to develop the cognitive and affective symptoms associated with depression.6
A study conducted on Problem Solving Skills in College Students: study show that pattern of problem solving differs among different sets of individuals in different situations. The central feature of any problem solving pattern is the concept of frustration and conflict and the stress, which accompanies it. Frustration occurs when a personal or environment obstacle stands in the way of the individual. Conflict, occurs when the individual has oppressing desires and wishes. It is all too frequent that in our modern industrial society than healthy defense mechanisms.7
Impaired problem solving skills mainly leads to stress, suicidal ideation, depression and aggressive behaviors. People aged 19 and younger mainly kill themselves over health or school problems. Recent statistics show more than 287,000 people end their own lives every year on the Chinese mainland. Stress and depression cause 70 to 80 percent of suicides in urban areas, where many of those afflicted jump off buildings, according to data released by the Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center A two-year survey by researchers at Peking University found over 20 percent of 140,000 high-school students interviewed said they had considered committing suicide. And 6.5 percent of the students surveyed said they had made plans to kill themselves. Research also shows that the main cause of suicide among students is due to lack of problem solving skills and proper guidance.8
.
In the U.S., school-based studies indicate that across the board 2-4 percent of schoolaged children (4-12 years old) and 4-8 percent of adolescents (12-18 years old) suffer from depression, Due to the limited statistics available, it is unclear how many children with exceptionalities commit suicide or suffer from depression, but it is generally accepted that "the prevalence of depression and potential suicide is higher among children with exceptionalities than among the general school population,"A number of studies have shown that university students experience a wide range of harms related to alcohol consumption, including aggression, due to impaired academic problem solving skills.8
Out of every three cases of suicide reported every 15 minutes in India, one IS committed by a youth in the age group of 15 to 29.In the Union Territory of Pondicherry, every month at least 15 youths between the ages of 15 and 25 commit suicides. In 2002, there were 10,982 suicides in Tamil Nadu, 11,300 in Kerala, 10,934 in Karnataka, and 9, 4 33 in Andhra Pradesh9
A series of studies have documented deficient social problem-solving abilities among aggressive boys compared to better-adjusted children. As a result of such findings, social problem-solving training has been widely employed as a treatment for an array of child problem behaviors, including disruptive and aggressive behavior10
A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study was conducted to explore student nurses' experiences during clinical practice at a nursing college in the Limpopo Province. Purposive sampling was used and phenomenological interviews were held with eleven student nurses who were in their final year of the four year basic nursing programme. The interview method was used for qualitative research. The findings indicate that there are aspects which impact negatively on student nurses' clinical learning experiences, such as lack of teaching and learning support, lack of opportunities for learning, poor theory-practice integration, and poor interpersonal relationships between the students, college tutors and ward staff.11
There is an increasing focus on deficiencies in problem solving as a vulnerability factor for suicidal behavior in general and hence a target for treatment in suicide attempters. In view of the uncertainty of evidence for this in adolescents we conducted a systematic review of the international research literature examining the possible relationship between deficiencies in social problem-solving skills and suicidal behavior in this population.
Twenty-two studies of social problem-solving skills in adolescents with suicidal behavior were found. Most of these studies, which compared adolescent patients with suicide attempts versus either non suicidal psychiatric or normal controls, found evidence for problem-solving deficits in the attempters; however, few of the differences remain after controlling for depression and/or hopelessness. Because most of the studies are cross-sectional, it is difficult to differentiate between the possibilities that deficiencies in problem-solving skills lead to depression when adolescents are faced by adversity and hence to suicidal behavior, or whether depression is the main factor which undermines problem-solving skills. Future research, preferably with longitudinal research designs, is required to determine the nature of the association between problem-solving skills and suicidal behavior in adolescents. This has important implications for therapeutic interventions.12
Interpersonal support and coping among first year dental students was studied by Goldstein. Levels of support were correlative with academic performance and indices of physical and psychological well-being. For men, social support was generally associated with better performance and well-being. Women on the other hand exhibited predominantly negative relationships between support and all outcome measures. An unexpected finding for both men and women was the consistent, positive relationship between support and reported drug use.13
Interpersonally competent people are self aware. They understand themselves, and as a result they understand others. Interpersonally competent people build solid, long lasting mutually beneficial relationships with the people in their lives .These people are able to resolve conflicts with a minimal amount of problems and upset to relationships. It is very important for a student to develop good interpersonal skill with colleagues. 14
After reviewing above facts the student researcher while working as a nursing tutor in nursing college he came across with many students reflects they were having impaired problem solving skill and minimal interpersonal competency. Lack of these skills comes up with behavioral problems and maladjustment in the students. The student researcher interested to assess the problem solving skills and interpersonal competence among students and to give an information booklet to them.
Author(s): Anne E.M. Speckens, PhD 1 | Keith Hawton, DSc, FRCPsych 2
6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
“A Study On Assessing The Problem solving Skill And Interpersonal Competence Among Nursing Students In Selected Nursing colleges, Bangalore With A View To Prepare An Information Booklet .”
6.4 OBJECTIVES:
- To identify the problem solving skill among nursing students.
- To identify the interpersonal competence among nursing students.
- To find out an association between problem solving skill, interpersonal competence and selected demographic variables.
6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS: