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What came first, the DNA or protein? The Ddiscovery of ribozymes and the hypothesis of RNA world hypothesis haves given a different dimension to this question another dimension. Before the discovery of ribozymes, Eenzymes waswere the only known biologicalnatural catalysts to the discovery of ribozymes.

Ribozymes, (also known as RNA enzymes or catalytic RNA), are RNA particlesmolecules catalyze biochemical reactions. Thomas R. CČech and Sidney Altman were the first to discover ribozymes during the 1980s, and who later also went on later to investigated the their catalytic properties. Thomas CČech found that splicing of introns in a ribosomal RNA in ribosomal RNA gene in Tetrahymena thermophila were found to occuroccurred in the absence of additionalany added cell extract. Thus, he concluded that the intron sequence of RNA breaks and re-forms phosphodiester bonds. Sidney Altman and his colleagues, separated the isolated bacterial RNase P, an enzyme responsible for changing converting precursor tRNA to active tRNA. However, it wasthey found that in addition to the protein, the enzyme also contained RNA, thatwhich could stimulate catalyze the cleavage of precursor tRNA into active tRNA in the absence of any protein component. Also, Thomas Cech gave the conclusion that the intron sequence of the RNA can break and reform phosdiester bonds.They won the Nobel Prize in cChemistry for the same thing in 1989.

Natural ribosozymes catalyze the hydrolysis of their own phosphodiester bonds or other RNA. Moreover, Tthey also catalyze the aminotransferase activity of the ribosome. They also catalyze the hydrolysis of the other RNA. The term “Rribozyme”s has been derived are so called because they act as enzymes in terms of their enzymatic specificity of ribozymes and belong their toassociation with RNA. However, theyribozymes are different from enzymes because of the following reasonsas described below:

1) Unlike enzymes, ribozymes do not require specific conditions of pH and temperature ,

2) Ribozymes consistsare composed of nucleotides.

3) They do not have well -defined regions such as active site and catalyzed site. and catalytic sites.

4) They can act on a very small amounts of substancessubstrates but perform a more limited set of instructions. reactions.

A number ofMany ribozymes have been discovered untill date. With Tthe discovery of naturally occurring ribozymes is increasing, along with which several artificial ribozymes have also been synthesized. Due toBecause of their abilitiesfunctions, ribozymes have been investigated for their applications (1) as therapeutic agents, and biosensors, and (2) in functional genomics functions and discovery of genes discovery.

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