Modern Genetics – From DNA to How you Look

DNA the Background

Guiding Questions

1)What is ______?

2)How does it control what we look like?

3)What is the Central Dogma of Biology?

Discovering the Structure
______and ______are credited with "discovery" the structure of DNA
______research crystallography, which was "stolen" by Watson and Crick

What is Chargraff’s Rule?

Name 5 Examples of where you see DNA and its uses in everyday life.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

DNA vs. RNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Includes a ______group, ______base, and a ______

1)Deoxyribose is sugar

  • Nitrogenous bases:
  • Adenine-______
  • ______-Guanine
  • ______stranded

2)Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) has ribose as sugar

  • Nitrogenous base pairs
  • Adenine - ______
  • Cytosine - ______
  • ______stranded

DNA Replication

  • The process of making more DNA (DNA replication) requires the use of RNA and enzymes
  • ______unwinds the ______helix of DNA strand
  • RNA primers (base pairs A-U, C-G) begin to match up with the strands
  • DNA ______combines with the strand to match up the base pairs (A-T, C-G)
  • ______identical strands are formed
  • Occurs in the ______of the cell

Now we have to switch from DNA to RNA: Called ______- the message has to be ______
Three Types of RNA

1)______RNA (mRNA) – codes for proteins

2)______l RNA (rRNA) – makes proteins

3)______RNA (tRNA) – carries the amino acid

RNA differs from DNA

  • Ribose is the sugar rather than deoxyribose
  • Uracil instead of Thymine
  • A, G and C the same
  • Single stranded

Modern Genetics – From DNA to How you Look

Similarities

  • ______and unwind a portion of the ______
  • 1 strand of the DNA acts as a ______
  • Complementary base-pairing with DNA

Differences

  • ______strand does not stay paired with DNA
  • DNA re-coils and RNA is ______stranded
  • RNA is ______than DNA

Modern Genetics – From DNA to How you Look

Knowledge Check

DNA Replication: CGA-CAT-GAG-ATCDNA Transcription: CGA-CAT-GAG-ATC
From DNA to Proteins

  • ______is the process of turning mRNA into protein
  • Translate from one “language” (mRNA nucleotides) to a second “language” (amino acids)
  • ______code – nucleotide sequence that is translated to ______of the protein
  • Nucleotides read ______at a time meaning that there are 64 combinations for a codon (set of 3 nucleotides)
  • Only ______amino acids
    Central Dogma of Biology
  • DNA is the genetic instruction or gene
  • DNA to RNA is called Transcription
  • RNA to Protein is called Translation