Modern Genetics – From DNA to How you Look
DNA the Background
Guiding Questions
1)What is ______?
2)How does it control what we look like?
3)What is the Central Dogma of Biology?
Discovering the Structure
______and ______are credited with "discovery" the structure of DNA
______research crystallography, which was "stolen" by Watson and Crick
What is Chargraff’s Rule?
Name 5 Examples of where you see DNA and its uses in everyday life.
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
DNA vs. RNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Includes a ______group, ______base, and a ______
1)Deoxyribose is sugar
- Nitrogenous bases:
- Adenine-______
- ______-Guanine
- ______stranded
2)Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) has ribose as sugar
- Nitrogenous base pairs
- Adenine - ______
- Cytosine - ______
- ______stranded
DNA Replication
- The process of making more DNA (DNA replication) requires the use of RNA and enzymes
- ______unwinds the ______helix of DNA strand
- RNA primers (base pairs A-U, C-G) begin to match up with the strands
- DNA ______combines with the strand to match up the base pairs (A-T, C-G)
- ______identical strands are formed
- Occurs in the ______of the cell
Now we have to switch from DNA to RNA: Called ______- the message has to be ______
Three Types of RNA
1)______RNA (mRNA) – codes for proteins
2)______l RNA (rRNA) – makes proteins
3)______RNA (tRNA) – carries the amino acid
RNA differs from DNA
- Ribose is the sugar rather than deoxyribose
- Uracil instead of Thymine
- A, G and C the same
- Single stranded
Modern Genetics – From DNA to How you Look
Similarities
- ______and unwind a portion of the ______
- 1 strand of the DNA acts as a ______
- Complementary base-pairing with DNA
Differences
- ______strand does not stay paired with DNA
- DNA re-coils and RNA is ______stranded
- RNA is ______than DNA
Modern Genetics – From DNA to How you Look
Knowledge Check
DNA Replication: CGA-CAT-GAG-ATCDNA Transcription: CGA-CAT-GAG-ATC
From DNA to Proteins
- ______is the process of turning mRNA into protein
- Translate from one “language” (mRNA nucleotides) to a second “language” (amino acids)
- ______code – nucleotide sequence that is translated to ______of the protein
- Nucleotides read ______at a time meaning that there are 64 combinations for a codon (set of 3 nucleotides)
- Only ______amino acids
Central Dogma of Biology
- DNA is the genetic instruction or gene
- DNA to RNA is called Transcription
- RNA to Protein is called Translation