APA REFERENCES
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed.
Book
Shostak, S. (2002). Becoming immortal: Combining cloning and stem-cell therapy. Albany: State
University of New York Press.
Book without date (see other abbreviations on pg. 180 of the Publication Manual)
Smith, M. (n.d.). Where the tame things are. New York: Jinks.
[n.d. = no date of publication]
Dictionary
Sadie, S. (Ed.). (1980). The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians (6th ed., Vols. 1-20).
London: Macmillan.
Encyclopedia
Dean, C. (1994). Jaws and teeth. In The Cambridge encyclopedia of human evolution (pp. 56-59). Cambridge, England: CambridgeUniversity Press.
Print Journal
Mellers, B.A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of consequences. Psychological Bulletin 126, 910-924.
Print Magazine Article
Thomas, M. (2001, January 7). The truth about stem cell research. Science News, 23.
Article in a Daily Newspaper
Faraway, J. (2003, March 22). New organs for an old generation. Boston Globe, p. A6.
Letter to Editor in Newspaper
Reis, J. (2005, March 24). Research issues [Letter to the editor]. Fargo Forum, p.A7.
Online Scholarly Journal Published Online with DOI
Miller, J. A., Tansy, M., & Hughes, T. L. (1998, November 18). Functional behavioral
assessment: The link between problem behavior and effective intervention in schools. Current Issues in Education, 1(5). doi: 10.1037/0042-8076.132.3.156
Online Scholarly JournalArticle without DOI (include journal homepage URL)
Borman, W. C., Hanson, M.A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993). Role of
early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. Retrieved from
NOTE: The URLs of aggregate databases such as EBSCO, OVID, and ProQuest do not need to be included, but archives and private databases should be included; see pgs. 191-192 and 202 of the Publication Manual) (e.g., Abstract retrieved from
Online Newspaper
Wade, N. (2005, March 14). The uncertain science of growing heart cells. New York Times. Retrieved from
Online Magazine
Lacayo, R., Carney, J., Cooper, M., Dickerson, J.F., Duffy, M., Waller, D., et al. (2001, August 20). How Bush got there. Time, 158(7), 17. Retrieved from
Website: Corporate Author
Stem Cell Research Foundation. (2000). Stem cells show promise for stroke patients. Retrieved from
Website: Individual Author
Dixon, P. (2002). Future of stem cell research: Rapid progress. Retrieved from
Pamphlet
National Health Institute. (2003). A new age in stem cell research [Brochure]. New York: Putnam.
Interviews and Other Personal Communications
Because personal communications are not recoverable, they are not included on the reference list. Cite personal communications in the text only. Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible:
T. K. Lutes (telephone conversation, April 18, 2001) explained that . . .
One professor at NDSU believes . . . (D. Jacobson, personal interview, March 23, 2005).
Sacred Text
Holy bible: New living translation. (1996). Wheaton: Tyndale.
Book or Film Review
Gleick, E. (2000, December 4). The burden of genius [Review of the book The last samurai]. Time, 171.
Denby, D. (2000, January 10). On the battlefield [Review of the motion picture The hurricane]. NewYorker, 90-92.
Article or chapter in an edited book (Anthology)
Desai, A. (1996). Scholar and gypsy. In Patricia Craig (Ed.), The Oxford book of travel stories (pp. 251-273). Oxford: OxfordUniversity Publisher.
Government Publication
U.S. National Council on Disability. (2000). Promises to keep: A decade of federal enforcement of the Americans with disabilities.Washington, DC: U. S.Government Printing Office.
For any additional questions concerning APA works cited or in-text citations, go to < Next, select “Documenting Sources” in the menu on the left of the page. Choose one of several links to APA style guides.
[Revised 10/9/13]