Special City Council Public Hearing Minutes
September 10, 2007
September 12, 2007
Present:B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, K.Leibovici, S. Mandel, J.Melnychuk, M. Nickel, M.Phair, L.Sloan*, D.Thiele.
*Participated in person and via telephone.
Also In Attendance:
D. Fisher, Corporate Services Department (Law)
D. Piecowye, Corporate Services Department (Law)
D. H. Edey, City Clerk
S. Labonne, Office of the City Clerk
J. Wright, Office of the City Clerk
A.CALL TO ORDER AND RELATED BUSINESS
A.1.Call to Order
Acting Mayor D. Thiele called the meeting to order at 9:36 a.m.
Mayor S. Mandel; Councillors B. Anderson, K. Leibovici and L. Sloan were absent.
A.2.Adoption of Agenda
Moved T. Cavanagh – J. Batty:
That Orders of the Day be changed as follows:
Lunch 11:45 a.m. – 1:30 p.m.
Carried
For the Motion: J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; B. Anderson, K. Leibovici, L. Sloan.
Councillor B. Anderson entered the meeting.
Moved M. Phair – R. Hayter:
That the September 10, 2007, Special City Council Public Hearing agenda be approved with the following additions:
F.21.Bylaw 14719 – Amendment to the Edmonton North Area Structure Plan
F.22. Bylaw 14720 – Amendment to the Eaux Claires Neighbourhood Structure Plan
Carried
For the Motion: B. Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; K. Leibovici, L. Sloan.
BYLAWS SCHEDULED TO COMMENCE AT 9:30 A.M.
A.5.Explanation of Public Hearing Process
Acting Mayor D. Thiele explained the public hearing process.
A.6.Call for Persons to Speak
S. Labonne, Office of the City Clerk, asked whether there were any persons present to speak to the following bylaws:
F.FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD READING BYLAWS
F.1.Bylaw 14717 - Amendment to the Callaghan Neighbourhood Area Structure Plan
F.2.Bylaw 14718 - Rezoning from AG to DC1, RA7 and AP; located east of 127 Street SW and north and south of 30 Avenue SW, Callaghan
Acting Mayor D. Thiele asked if there was any objection to Bylaws 14717 and 14718 being read together. No one objected.
In favour: R. Noce, Duncan and Craig, was in attendance to speak to the passing of Bylaws 14617 and 14718.
F.3.Bylaw 14725 - Closure of portions of road rights-of-way contained within Plan 792 2723 and Plan 062 0619; located east of Fort Road NW and west of 66 Street NW, Balwin
There were no persons present to speak to the passing of Bylaw 14725.
E.REPORTS
E.1.Adoption of an Amendment to the Castle Downs Outline Plan - Baranow Area
F.FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD READING BYLAWS
F.4.Bylaw 14662 - Rezoning from CB1 to RA7, located east of 127 Street NW and south of 148 Avenue NW, Baranow
Acting Mayor D. Thiele asked if there was any objection to Item E.1. and Bylaw 14622 being dealt with together. No one objected.
In favour: D. Hussey, Urban Revision, was in attendance to speak to item E.1., and the passing of Bylaw 14662.
F.1.Bylaw 14717 - Amendment to the Callaghan Neighbourhood Area Structure Plan
F.2.Bylaw 14718 - Rezoning from AG to DC1, RA7 and AP; located east of 127 Street SW and north and south of 30 Avenue SW, Callaghan
Moved M. Phair – R. Hayter:
That Bylaws 14717 and 14718 be referred back to Administration to incorporate changes to Schedule B of Bylaw 14718, and to be re-advertised for the November 1, 2007, City Council Public Hearing, at 1:30 p.m. / Planning & Dev.Due: Nov. 1/07
1:30 p.m.
Carried
For the Motion: J.Batty, B. Anderson, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; K. Leibovici, L. Sloan.
F.3.Bylaw 14725 - Closure of portions of road rights-of-way contained within Plan 792 2723 and Plan 062 0619; located east of Fort Road NW and west of 66 Street NW, Balwin
F.4.Bylaw 14662 - Rezoning from CB1 to RA7, located east of 127 Street NW and south of 148 Avenue NW, Baranow
Moved B. Anderson – J. Melnychuk:
That the public hearing on Bylaws 14725 and 14662 be closed.
Carried
For the Motion: J.Batty, B. Anderson, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; K. Leibovici, L. Sloan.
Moved B. Anderson – J. Melnychuk:
That Bylaws 14725 and 14662 be read a first time.
Carried
For the Motion: J.Batty, B. Anderson, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; K. Leibovici, L. Sloan.
Moved B. Anderson – J. Melnychuk:
That Bylaws 14725 and 14662 be read a second time.
Carried
For the Motion: J.Batty, B. Anderson, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; K. Leibovici, L. Sloan.
Moved B. Anderson – J. Melnychuk:
That Bylaws 14725 and 14662 be considered for third reading.
Carried
For the Motion: J.Batty, B. Anderson, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; K. Leibovici, L. Sloan.
Moved B. Anderson – J. Melnychuk:
That Bylaws14725 and 14662 be read a third time. / Distribution ListCarried
For the Motion: J.Batty, B. Anderson, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; K. Leibovici, L. Sloan.
Moved B. Anderson – J. Melnychuk:
That the Castle Downs Outline Plan (Baranow Area) be amended by redesignating the subject site from Commercial uses to Low Rise Apartment uses in both the Development Concept Map and statistics. / Planning & Dev.Carried
For the Motion: J.Batty, B. Anderson, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; K. Leibovici, L. Sloan.
Council recessed at 9:45 a.m.
Council reconvened at 10:01 a.m.
Acting Mayor D. Thiele presided.
Mayor S. Mandel; and Councillors K. Leibovici and L. Sloan were absent.
BYLAWS SCHEDULED TO COMMENCE AT 10 A.M.
A.5.Explanation of Public Hearing Process
Acting Mayor D. Thiele explained the public hearing process.
A.6.Call for Persons to Speak
S. Labonne, Office of the City Clerk, asked whether there were any persons present to speak to the following bylaws:
F.FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD READING BYLAWS
F.5.Bylaw 14651 - Amendment to the Belvedere Area Redevelopment Plan
F.6.Bylaw 14652 - Closure of portions of 62 Street, 63 Street, 64 Street, and 65 Street and all lanes south of 129 Avenue, east of Fort Road, and west and north of the CN rail right-of-way; Belvedere
F.7.Bylaw 14653 - Rezoning from AP, CNC, CB1 and CO to AP, DC1 and PU, located 62 and 66 Streets, at Fort Road, Belvedere
Acting Mayor D. Thiele asked if there was any objection to Bylaws 14651, 14652 and 14653 being read together. No one objected.
In favour: P. Sande, City of Edmonton,was in attendance to speak to the passing of Bylaws 14651, 14652 and 14653.
Opposed: J. Key was in attendance to speak to the passing of Bylaws 14651, 14652 and 14653.
F.8.Bylaw 14727 - Amendment to the Alberta Avenue/Eastwood Area Redevelopment Plan
F.9.Bylaw 14728 - Amendment to the Parkdale Area Redevelopment Plan
E.REPORTS
E.2.Adoption of an amendment to the Norwood Neighbourhood Improvement Plan
F.FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD READING BYLAWS
F.10.Bylaw 14729 - Amendment to the Coliseum Station Area Redevelopment Plan
F.11.Bylaw 14730 - Rezoning from CNC, CB1, CB2, CO, CSC, RF3, RF6, RA7, RA9, US, PU, AP, DC1 and DC2, to AP, CB2, RA9, US, RF5 and RA7; located along 118 Avenue between the LRT line (approximately 76 Street) and 105 Street, Alberta Avenue, Westwood, Spruce Avenue, Parkdale, Norwood and Eastwood
F.12.Bylaw 14731 - Amendment to the Text of the Zoning Bylaw by adding a Section 821 – Alberta Avenue Pedestrian Commercial Shopping Street Overlay and Regulations
Acting Mayor D. Thiele asked if there was any objection to Bylaws 14727, 14728, Item E.2., 14729, 14730 and 14731 being read together. No one objected.
In favour: P. Rousch, Alberta Avenue Business Association (to answer questions); D. Stockburger; H. Oswin, City of Edmonton, were in attendance to speak to the passing of Bylaws 14727, 14728, E.2., 14729, 14730 and 14731.
Opposed: J. McCoy; and D. Danilakwere in attendance to speak to the passing of Bylaws 14727, 14728, E.2., 14729, 14730 and 14731.
F.5.Bylaw 14651 - Amendment to the Belvedere Area Redevelopment Plan
F.6.Bylaw 14652 - Closure of portions of 62 Street, 63 Street, 64 Street, and 65 Street and all lanes south of 129 Avenue, east of Fort Road, and west and north of the CN rail right-of-way; Belvedere
F.7.Bylaw 14653 - Rezoning from AP, CNC, CB1 and CO to AP, DC1 and PU, located 62 and 66 Streets, at Fort Road, Belvedere
C. Raftis, Planning and Development Department, made a presentation.
P. Sande, City of Edmonton, made a presentation and answered Council’s questions.
J. Key made a presentation and answered Council’s questions.
C. Raftis, Planning and Development Department; B. Latte, Transportation Department; and J. Sande, Asset Management and Public Works Department, answered Council’s questions.
Acting Mayor D. Thiele asked if there was any new information anyone in attendance wished to address. No one responded.
Moved E. Gibbons – J. Melnychuk:
That the public hearing on Bylaws 14651, 14652 and 14653 be closed.
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J. Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel, K. Leibovici, L .Sloan.
Moved E. Gibbons – J. Melnychuk:
That 14651, 14652 and 14653 be read a first time.
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J. Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel, K. Leibovici, L .Sloan.
Moved E. Gibbons – J. Melnychuk:
That 14651, 14652 and 14653 be read a second time.
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J. Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel, K. Leibovici, L .Sloan.
Moved E. Gibbons – J. Melnychuk:
That 14651, 14652 and 14653 be considered for third reading.
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J. Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel, K. Leibovici, L .Sloan.
Moved E. Gibbons – J. Melnychuk:
That Bylaws 14651, 14652 and 14653 be read a third time. / Distribution ListCarried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J. Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel, K. Leibovici, L .Sloan.
Integration of Fort Road Redevelopment Plan
Moved J. Melnychuk – M. Phair:
That Administration consider the wider application of the Community Revitalization Levy to allow for greater integration of the Fort Road Redevelopment plan with the existing communities north of Fort Road and report back to the appropriate Committee in early 2008. / AMPWTPW Committee
Due: Jan./08
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J. Melnychuk, M.Nickel, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel, K. Leibovici, L .Sloan.
F.8.Bylaw 14727 - Amendment to the Alberta Avenue/Eastwood Area Redevelopment Plan
F.9.Bylaw 14728 - Amendment to the Parkdale Area Redevelopment Plan
E.REPORTS
E.2.Adoption of an amendment to the Norwood Neighbourhood Improvement Plan
F.FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD READING BYLAWS
F.10.Bylaw 14729 - Amendment to the Coliseum Station Area Redevelopment Plan
F.11.Bylaw 14730 - Rezoning from CNC, CB1, CB2, CO, CSC, RF3, RF6, RA7, RA9, US, PU, AP, DC1 and DC2, to AP, CB2, RA9, US, RF5 and RA7; located along 118 Avenue between the LRT line (approximately 76 Street) and 105 Street, Alberta Avenue, Westwood, Spruce Avenue, Parkdale, Norwood and Eastwood
F.12.Bylaw 14731 - Amendment to the Text of the Zoning Bylaw by adding a Section 821 – Alberta Avenue Pedestrian Commercial Shopping Street Overlay and Regulations
C. Raftis, Planning and Development Department, made a presentation.
D. Stockburger; and H. Oswin, City of Edmonton, made a presentation and answered Council’s questions.
Councillor K. Leibovici entered the meeting.
Council recessed at 11:45 a.m.
Council reconvened at 1:32 p.m.
Mayor S. Mandel; and Councillors B. Anderson, R. Hayter,
K. Leibovici, M. Nickel and L. Sloan were absent.
Acting Mayor D. Thiele presided.
BYLAWS SCHEDULED TO COMMENCE AT 1:30 P.M.
A.5.Explanation of Public Hearing Process
ActingMayor D. Thiele explained the public hearing process.
A.6.Call for Persons to Speak
S. Labonne, Office of the City Clerk, asked whether there were any persons present to speak to the following bylaws:
F.FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD READING BYLAWS
F.13.Bylaw 14675 – Amendment to the Edmonton Municipal Development Plan
F.14.Bylaw 14676 – Amendment to the Lewis Farms Area Structure Plan
F.15.Bylaw 14588 - To Amend Bylaw 14380 – Arterial Roads for Development Lewis Farms ASP
F.16.Bylaw 14677 - Adoption of the Secord Neighbourhood Structure Plan
F.17.Bylaw 14732 - Rezoning from AG, CNC, PU and RF5 to AP, DC1, RSL and RF4; located west of Winterburn Road (215 Street) NW and south of Stony Plain Road NW, Secord
Acting Mayor D. Thiele asked if there was any objection to Bylaws 14675, 14676, 14588, 14677 and 14732 being read together. No one objected.
In favour: M. Pankiw, IBI Group; B. Usenik, Strata Developments;
P. Taylor, Hopewell Residential Communities; J. Davis, Melcor; and
N. MacDonald, Stantec Engineering Ltd. (to answer questions), were in attendance to speak to the passing of Bylaws 14675, 14676, 14588, 14677 and 14732.
F.18.Bylaw 14687 - Amendment to the Edmonton North Area Structure Plan
F.19.Bylaw 14688 - Amendment to the Eaux Claires Neighbourhood Structure Plan
F.20.Bylaw 14689 - Rezoning from AG to CSC, located at 15507 – 97 Street NW, Eaux Claires
Acting Mayor D. Thiele asked if there was any objection to Bylaws 14687, 14688 and 14689 being read together. No one objected.
In favour: P. Chagas, Nejmark Architect; and A. Porter, UMA Engineering (to answer questions); V. Dodge, UMA Engineering;
J. Rinzema, Loblaw Properties West Inc.; K. Wakefield, Frasier Milner Casgrain; andB. Luciak were in attendance to speak to the passing of Bylaws 14687, 14688 and 14689.
Opposed: D. Dodge, Evansdale Community League; J. Sutherland, Lorelei Beaumaris Community League; S. Nazarali, Techno Source Int. Inc.; and K. Koropeski, City of Edmonton, were in attendance to speak to the passing of Bylaws 14687, 14688 and 14689.
F.21.Bylaw 14719 - Amendment to the Edmonton North Area Structure Plan
F.22.Bylaw 14720 - Amendment to the Eaux Claires Neighbourhood Structure Plan
Acting Mayor D. Thiele asked if there was any objection to Bylaws 14719 and 14720 being read together. No one objected.
In favour: C. Oberg, Bunt and Associates; and K. Korepski, City of Edmonton (to answer questions), were in attendance to speak to the passing of Bylaws 14719 and 14720.
D. H. Edey, City Clerk, answered Council's questions.
F.8.Bylaw 14727 - Amendment to the Alberta Avenue/Eastwood Area Redevelopment Plan
F.9.Bylaw 14728 - Amendment to the Parkdale Area Redevelopment Plan
E.REPORTS
E.2.Adoption of an amendment to the Norwood Neighbourhood Improvement Plan
F.FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD READING BYLAWS
F.10.Bylaw 14729 - Amendment to the Coliseum Station Area Redevelopment Plan
F.11.Bylaw 14730 - Rezoning from CNC, CB1, CB2, CO, CSC, RF3, RF6, RA7, RA9, US, PU, AP, DC1 and DC2, to AP, CB2, RA9, US, RF5 and RA7; located along 118 Avenue between the LRT line (approximately 76 Street) and 105 Street, Alberta Avenue, Westwood, Spruce Avenue, Parkdale, Norwood and Eastwood
F.12.Bylaw 14731 - Amendment to the Text of the Zoning Bylaw by adding a Section 821 – Alberta Avenue Pedestrian Commercial Shopping Street Overlay and Regulations
H. Oswin, City of Edmonton; and P. Rausch, Alberta Avenue Business Association, answered Council's questions.
Councillors R. Hayter and B. Anderson entered the meeting.
J. McCoy; and D. Danilak made presentations and answered Council's questions.
C. Raftis, Planning and Development Department, answered Council's questions.
Moved K. Krushell – J. Melnychuk:
That any Member of Council who may wish to do so be allowed to speak for an additional five minutes.
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh,E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; K. Leibovici, M. Nickel, L. Sloan.
C. Raftis, Planning and Development Department, answered Council's questions.
Acting Mayor D. Thiele asked if there was anyone in attendance who wished to speak to new information. No one responded.
Moved J. Melnychuk – E. Gibbons:
That the public hearing on Bylaws 14727, 14728, 14729, 14730 and 14731 be closed.
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, J.Melnychuk, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; K. Leibovici, M. Nickel, L. Sloan.
Councillor K. Leibovici entered the meeting.
Moved J. Melnychuk – E. Gibbons:
That Bylaws 14727, 14728, 14729, 14730 and 14731 be read a first time.
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, K. Leibovici, J.Melnychuk, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; M. Nickel, L. Sloan.
Moved J. Melnychuk – E. Gibbons:
That Bylaws 14727, 14728, 14729, 14730 and 14731 be read a second time.
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, K. Leibovici, J.Melnychuk, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; M. Nickel, L. Sloan.
Moved J. Melnychuk – E. Gibbons:
That Bylaws 14727, 14728, 14729, 14730 and 14731 be considered for third reading.
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, K. Leibovici, J.Melnychuk, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; M. Nickel, L. Sloan.
Moved J. Melnychuk – E. Gibbons:
That Bylaws 14727, 14728, 14729, 14730 and 14731 be read a third time. / Distribution ListCarried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, K. Leibovici, J.Melnychuk, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; M. Nickel, L. Sloan.
E.REPORTS
E.2.Adoption of an amendment to the Norwood Neighbourhood Improvement Plan
Moved J. Melnychuk – E. Gibbons:
That the Norwood Neighbourhood Improvement Plan be amended as illustrated in Attachment 1 of the July 30, 2007, Planning and Development Department report 2007PDP532. / Planning & Dev.Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, K. Leibovici, J.Melnychuk, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; M. Nickel, L. Sloan.
Back Alley Parking Along 118 Avenue
Moved J. Melnychuk – E. Gibbons:
That Administration review the feasibility and possible implementation strategy of back alley parking along 118 Avenue, and that the report return to Transportation and Public Works Committee in early 2008. / Community Svcs.TPW Committee
Due: Feb./08
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, K. Leibovici, J.Melnychuk, M.Phair, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; M. Nickel, L. Sloan.
F.13.Bylaw 14675 – Amendment to the Edmonton Municipal Development Plan
F.14.Bylaw 14676 – Amendment to the Lewis Farms Area Structure Plan
F.15.Bylaw 14588 - To Amend Bylaw 14380 – Arterial Roads for Development Lewis Farms ASP
F.16.Bylaw 14677 - Adoption of the Secord Neighbourhood Structure Plan
F.17.Bylaw 14732 - Rezoning from AG, CNC, PU and RF5 to AP, DC1, RSL and RF4; located west of Winterburn Road (215 Street) NW and south of Stony Plain Road NW, Secord
Councillor L. Sloan entered the meeting via telephone.
W. Hughes and T. Ford, Planning and Development Department; and C. Whalen, Transportation Department, made presentations.
M. Pankiw, IBI Group; and N. MacDonald, Stantec Engineering Ltd., made presentations and answered Council’s questions.
Acting Mayor D. Thiele vacated the Chair and Acting Mayor
B. Anderson presided.
Moved D. Thiele – M. Phair:
That any Member of Council who may wish to do so be allowed to speak for an additional five minutes.
Carried
For the Motion: B.Anderson, J.Batty, T.Cavanagh, E.Gibbons, R.Hayter, K.Krushell, K. Leibovici, J.Melnychuk, M.Phair, L. Sloan, D.Thiele.
Absent:S. Mandel; M. Nickel.
Acting Mayor B. Anderson vacated the Chair and Acting Mayor
D. Thiele presided.
N. MacDonald, Stantec Engineering Ltd.; and M. Pankiw, IBI Group, answered Council’s questions.
W. Hughes and T. Ford, Planning and Development Department; and C. Whalen and B. Latte, Transportation Department, answered Council’s questions.