American Studies
Midterm Study Guide (History Section)
Exam is based on the Political Spectrum, Gilded Age, Progressive Era, WWI, Roaring 20s, Great Depression
Political SpectrumLeft Wing / Right Wing
Revolutionary
•Extreme Change thru violence
•Total gov. control of economy (Communism)
•Total government ownership of land and business
•Total Control over individual’s social life / Liberal
Change thru democracy
Some gov. control of economy (regulated capitalism & socialism)
Some gov. ownership of land & business
Favor little government control over individual’s social life / Conservative
•Little Change thru democracy
•Little to no government control of economy (laissez-faire capitalism)
•Little to no gov. ownership of land or business
•Some Gov. control over individual social life / Reactionary
•Reversal of change thru violence
•Favor total control of economy (Gov. controlled capitalism)
•Favor private ownership of land & business under gov. control
•Total control over individual’s social life
-Soviet Union
-The Bolsheviks
-North Korea
-Support total government control over the economy
-no profit, no provide ownership of business
-Total control over press, speech, education / -Democratic Party
-Obama, Clinton
-Pro Choice
-Supporters of same-sex marriage, legalization of marijuana
-higher taxes on wealthy
-support laws regulating business / -Republican Party
-Bush, Reagan
-Anti-Abortion
-Against same-sex marriage
-Against legalization of marijuana
-support low taxes on wealthy (benefits would trickle down to poor)
-usually against laws regulating business (laissez faire) / -NAZIS
- Fascist governments
-KKK
-support total government control over economy
-Allow business to make profit
-allow private ownership of business
-Total control over press, speech, education
-support laws limiting immigration
1 / tariff which tries to protect American companies from foreign competition / (Protective)
2 / conservative candidate in 1896 / (McKinley)
3 / Carnegie's idea that the rich have a duty to give back to society / (Gospel of Wealth)
4 / policy of the US government in which $ was backed by gold only / (Tight)
5 / poor Scottish immigrant who eventually became one of the wealthiest industrialists of the 1900s / (Carnegie)
6 / political view that favors change through the democratic process / (Liberalism)
7 / buying unneeded things in order to show status & wealth / (Conspicuous Consumption)
8 / Father of the modern Skyscraper / (Sullivan)
9 / Supreme Court decision that said a state can regulate the rates of grain elevators / (Munn v Illinois)
10 / organization of workers who band together to form a collective voice / (Union)
11 / when workers refuse to work in order to press the co. for their interests / (Strike)
12 / strike in which Eugene V. Debs tried to help Pullman workers get higher wages / (Pullman Strike)
13 / political view that favors as little change as possible and a laissez-faire economic policy / (Conservativism)
14 / idea that in society the strong people become rich because they're better while weak get poor / (Social Darwinism)
15 / liberal candidate in 1896 who was a friend to farmers and laborers / (William Jennings Bryan)
16 / led an "army" of people to the White House in 1893 to ask the government to help unemployed workers affected by the Panic / (Coxey)
17 / photojournalist who exposed the evils of child labor / Hine)
18 / Supreme Court case which said only Congress can regulate business, not states / (Wabash)
19 / command economy in which private ownership and profit are allowed / (Fascism)
20 / "let it (the economy) be" / (laissez-faire)
21 / leader of the AFL who wanted "a piece of the pie" for his workers / (Gompers)
22 / political view that seeks to stop change through any means necessary / (Reactionary)
23
24 / when a company acquires other companies in the same market / (Horizontal Integration)
25 / laissez faire economic model in which profit, private ownership are allowed / (Capitalism)
26 / built the Brooklyn Bridge / (Roebling)
27 / when a company owns all means of production / (Vertical Integration)
28 / organized agreement not to buy from a certain company / (Boycott)
29 / overcrowded and squalid apartment where many poor immigrants lived / (Tenement)
30 / (Edison)
31 / party made up of a coalition of farmers, laborers, reformers / (Populist)
32 / political view that favors drastic change by any means necessary / (Revolutionary)
33 / when one company controls the entire market / (Monopoly)
34 / when an employer closes his business to break a union up / (Lockout)
35 / Bryan's speech in which he invoked religion in the struggle for bimetallism / (Cross of Gold)
36 / tax on imports / (Tariff)
37 / strike at Carnegie's steel mill in which Emma Goldman (was involved in) tried to assassinate Frick to better the conditions of the workers / (Homestead)
38 / to cover in gold / (Gild)
39 / "New Rich" / (Nouveaux Riches)
40 / workers hired by employer to break a union / (Scab)
41 / photojournalist who exposed the conditions of American slums in his book, How the Other Half Lives / (Jacob Riis)
42 / economic system in which the gov answers all economic questions / (Command)
43 / most radical labor leader of the IWW (Wobblies) / (Big Bill Haywood)
44 / America before the Industrial Revolution / (Rural)
45 / act which prohibited monopolies / Sherman Antitrust)
46 / (Grangers)
47 / radical union who was involved in the Haymarket Riot / (Knights of Labor)
48 / command economy in which no profit is allowed / (Communism)
49 / period from 1890-1920 in which reformers improved life for workers, women, children, and the little guys / ProgressiveEra)
50 / "I am not a humanitarian. I am a hell raiser." / MotherJones)
51 / (WEBDuBois)
52 / furthest right in the 1912 election / (Taft)
53 / TR's soldiers during the Spanish-American War / (RoughRiders)
54 / when a population moves from the country to the city / (Urbanization)
55 / mob murder usually directed against African Americans in the early 1900s / (Lynching)
56 / city in Texas that became a model for progressivism after it was destroyed by a hurricane in 1900 / (Galveston)
57 / racist film which portrays slavery and the KKK in a positive manner / (BirthofaNation)
58 / became president as a result of the Compromise of 1877 / (Hayes)
59 / Institute in Alabama started by Booker T. Washington that taught African Americans trade skills / (Tuskegee)
60 / style in art which portrays the lower classes in their everyday activities / (Realism)
61 / illiterate player who helped 'fix' the 1919 World Series / (ShoelessJoeJackson)
62 / animal that represents the republican party / (Elephant)
63 / "All trusts are bad and must be eliminated." / (Wilson)
64 / said "Our Constitution is color blind" / (JusticeHarlan)
65 / Amendment that called for the direct election of senators / (Seventeenth)
66 / decision that said long hours can be harmful to women and therefore children / (FlorenceKelley)
67 / "I aimed for the public's heart but by mistake I hit them in the stomach." / (UptonSinclair)
68 / tenements known for their horrific conditions (raw sewage, rats, etc.) / (Dumbell)
69 / "Give us your tired, your poor, your huddled masses." / (EmmaLazarus)
70
71 / march led by Mother Jones to expose child labor to TR / (ChildrensCrusade)
72 / trust company owned by J.P. Morgan and broken up by TR / NorthernSecurities)
73 / Investigative journalist who expose the 'dirt' of society / (Muckraker)
74 / magazine known for its muckraking articles / (McClure)
75 / supreme court case that legalized 'separate but equal' / (PlessyvFerguson)
76 / song by Billy Holiday about lynching / (StrangeFruit)
77 / directed "The Birth of a Nation" / (DWGriffith)
78 / Leader of the National Consumer League / (FlorenceKelley)
79 / 'community center' in Chicago to help immigrants assimilate into America) / (HullHouse
80 / "Lynching must be exposed to the public for the crime that it is." / (IdaB.Wells)
81 / started the Hull House / (JaneAddams)
82 / SocialGospel)
83 / fire that outraged the public because over 140 women died due to the lack of safety standards / (TriangleFactory)
84 / racist state laws which segregated blacks and kept them for voting / (JimCrow)
85 / "I feel as strong as a bull moose." / (TR [1912 Election])
86 / another name for a monopoly / (Trust)
87 / animal that represents the democratic party / (Donkey)
88 / assassinated in 1901 which led to TR becoming the president / McKinley)
89 / political ism that rejects private ownership of business (Debbs) / (Socialism)
90 / Wilson's program to break up monopolies, reduce the tariff and regulate banking / (NewFreedom)
91 / president of the Anthracite Coal company who held a 'divine right of bosses' attitude towards the UMW / (Baer)
92 / allows voters to fire elected officials / (Recall)
93 / TR's promise of fairness to both business and labor / (SquareDeal)
94 / should have been president in 1877 / (Tilden)
95 / convinced the Supreme Court that women could be harmed by long working hours / (Brandeis)
96 / ...and carry a big stick / Speak Softly
97 / name for group of most influential delegates at Versailles / Big Four
98 / clause in Treaty of Versailles which blamed Germany for the war / War Guilt
99 / nation TR thought was trying to rip him off in building a canal / Columbia
100 / international body of countries formed in order to stop another WWI (Wilson's idea) / League of Nations
101 / act which allowed the government to draft during WWI / Selective Service
102 / Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire / Central Powers
103 / promised Mexico land if they allied with Germany / Zimmerman Note
104 / formally ended WWI in 1919 / Treaty of Versailles
105 / nickname for American soldiers / Doughboys
106 / Americans who heeded Washington's warning to stay out of entangling alliances / Isolationists
107 / pulled out of WWI after Lenin led a communist revolution in 1918 / Russia (Soviet Union)
108 / leader of the AFL who promised Wilson that his union would not strike / Gompers
109 / American officials who generally supported the Treaty but were concerned about Article X / Reservationists
110 / G.B, France, Russia / Triple Entente
111 / About 9 million of these died in WWI / Civilians
112 / American senator who hated Wilson personally and led the movement to stop the Treaty from ratification / Henry Cabot Lodge
113 / phrase used by Oliver W. Holmes as a way of justifying the Supreme Courts ruling in Schenck v US / Clear and Present Danger
114 / $33 billion fine Germany had to pay for WWI / Reparations
115
116 / Attitude that America should export its way of life overseas / Progressivism Abroad
117 / American officials who opposed the Treaty of Versailles under all circumstances / Irreconcilables
118 / TR's navy that was sent to flex American muscle overseas / Great White Fleet
119 / said US would make sure Latin American nations paid their debt to Europeans / Roosevelt Corollary
120 / sold as a way of raising $$ for the war / Bonds
121 / French leader who called on punishing Germany for the war / Clemenceau
122 / law which forbade criticizing the war effort / Sedition Act
123 / getting a nation ready for war / Mobilization
124 / nation that started the Panama canal / France
125 / US is often accused of this by dominating and exploiting other nations / Imperialism
126 / head of the Committee of Public Information / Creel
127 / HE 'kept us out of war' in 1916 / Wilson
128 / small area where fruits and vegetables were grown as a way of conserving food during WWI / Victory Garden
129 / passenger ship sank in 1915 by a German U-boat and included 128 Americans / Lusitania
130 / imprisoned socialist presidential candidate who criticized America's entry into WWI / Eugene V. Debs
131 / molding public opinion / Propaganda
132 / document written in 1820 which said European nations should stop colonizing Latin America / Monroe Doctrine
133 / list of ideas Wilson had for remaking post-war Europe / Fourteen Points
134 / 12.5 million of these died in WWI / Soldiers
135 / America's policy at the start of WWI / Neutrality
138 / trial which featured the debate of Creationism v Darwinism in 1925 / (Scopes)
(Humphrey)
139 / writer who said, "all work is worship, all useful service prayer." / (Barton)
140 / laissez-faire president who wanted "normalcy" / (Harding)
142 / patriotic sounding plan (stick) to destroy unions / (American)
143 / Italian anarchist who recieved an unfair trial / (Sacco Vanzetti)
144 / renaissance in NY noted for the "New Negro" / (Harlem)
145 / Act of 1924 which set up a quota system and greatly limited immigration / (National Origins)
146 / term used to describe workers on Ford assembly line monotonious work / (Robot)
147 / company controlled unions) / (Industrial Democracy
148 / when a few business control the market / (Oligopoly)
149 / pact ridiculed a "parchment peace" / (Kellogg-Briand)
150 / Sec. of Treasury who believed in trickledown economics/laissez-faire / (Mellon)
151 / communist group sent all over world to encourage a proletariat revolution / (Comintern)
152 / contract signed by workers promising not to join a union / (Yellow Dog)
153 / "wet" place where alcohol is served / (Speakeasy)
154
155
156 / reactionary racist group that revived in the 19020s under the banner of preserving American values and the white race / (KKK)
157 / case which said unions could be sued for going on strike / (Coronado)
158 / invented the scientific management of business / (Taylor)
159 / term for the expatriate writers who criticized American materialism / (Lost Generation)
160 / company policies that encouraged workers not to join unions (the carrot) / (Welfare Democracy)
161 / plan to loan Germany money so that they could pay the Allies so that they could pay the US / (Dawes)
162 / fear in the early 20s that Bolsheviks and anarchist were trying to take over US / (Red Scare)
163 / method of Ford's workers to communicate / (Ford Whisper)
164 / massive movement of African Americans to the North during the late 1910s / (Great Migration)
165 / revolution of the 20s in which small businesses were overtaken by large ones / (Corporate)
166 / music of the 1920s characterized by having no written notes / (Jazz)
167 / led a back to Africa movement / (Marcus Garvey)
168 / "The man who builds a factory, builds a temple." / (Coolidge)
169 / wonder boy president and least laissez faire / (Hoover)
170 / Act aka Volstead / (Prohibition)
171 / person who smuggles alcohol into US / (Bootlegger)
172 / girls of the 1920s known for their short bob cut hair and Charleston dance / (Flappers)
173 / Agency of the New Deal which attempted to revitalize the economy by building dams in the lower Appalachian region / Tennessee Valley Authority
174 / name given to homeless migrating farmers to traveled to California / (Okies)
175 / helped to 'connect' FDR to common people by showing him how underprivileged lived / (Eleanor)
176 / “People don’t eat in the long run-they have to in every day.” / (Hopkins)
177 / 1st 3 months of FDR's presidency noted for rapid legislation / (100 Days)
178 / because this was high it limited the amount of goods foreign nations would buy from the US / (Tariffs (Hawley Smoot)
179 / repossession of farms by banks / (Foreclosure)
180 / characteristic of entertainment people sought during the Depression / (Escapism)
181 / gambling the stock market in the hope of quick profits / (Speculation)
182 / the day the Stock Market crashed / (Black Tuesday (Oct. ’29)
183 / “I didn’t know people lived like that!” / (FDR)
184 / Long's program which called for all income over $5 million to be redistributed to poor / (Share the Wealth)
185 / anti-Semitic priest who wanted FDR to nationalize banks / (Coughlin)
186 / leader of the bonus army who said "Let's show them we can take it on the chin." / (Walter Waters)
187 / act which 'paid' farmers to be less productive / (Agriculture Adjustment Act)
188 / insured deposits up to $100 thousand / (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
189 / Agency of the New Deal which employed thousands of Americans in an environmental conservation program run in military fashion / (Civilian Conservation Corp)
190 / one of the causes of the Depression in which businesses and agriculture made too much stuff / (Overproduction)
191 / Hoover's policy of asking business and labor leaders to freeze hours, wages, and strikes / (Volunteerism)
192 / term to describe the ecological and human disaster in which drought and poor techniques led to the destruction of vast amounts of farmland / (Dust Bowl)
193 / practice of getting a loan for stock with little money / (Buying on Margin)
194 / a person who gains power by exploiting people's fears and prejudices / (Demagogue)
195 / disease FDR contracted in 1921 which helped him appreciate the downtrodden / (Polio)
196 / number of supreme court justices prescribed by the Constitution / (9)
197 / low point of FDR's presidency in which he proposed to add 6 more justices to the Supreme Court / (Court Packing)
198 / Huey Long's nickname / (Kingfish)
199 / plan developed by a doctor which called for the mandatory retirement of citizens over 60 and a pension of $200 per month / (Townsend Plan)
200 / act which said that companies who deceived investors about its financial status could be sued / (Truth in Securities Act)
201 / scheme of Midwestern farmers to prevent foreclosure / (Penny Auction)
202 / league of wealthy businessmen who wanted to destroy the New Deal / (American Liberty League)
203 / weekly radio broadcast FDR used to connect to American public / (Fireside Chat)
204 / Prohibited banks from investing savings deposits in the unpredictable stock market & created FDIC / Glass-Steagall Act
The moment that government provided work for one, it would have to provide work for all, and there would be no end whatever possible. Society does not owe any man a living. In all the cases that I have ever known of young men who claimed that society owed them a living, it has turned out that society paid them---in State prison…The fact that a man is here is no demand upon other people that they shall keep him alive and sustain him. He has got to fight the battle with nature as every other man has; / Burn down your cites and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country…you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”