CHAPTER 7 Name______

MEMBRANE STUCTURE AND FUNCTION

7.1 Membrane Structure

  1. Explain the meaning of the statement that phospholipids and most other membrane constituents are amphipathic molecules.
  2. Describe the fluidity of the components of a cell membrane and explain how membrane fluidity is influenced by temperature and membrane composition.
  3. Explain how cholesterol resists changes in membrane fluidity as temperatures change.
  4. Distinguish between peripheral and integral membrane proteins.
  5. Explain the role of membrane carbohydrates in cell-cell recognition.

7.2 Traffic across Membranes

  1. Explain how hydrophobic molecules cross cell membranes.
  2. Explain how aquaporins facilitate the passage of water through membranes.

7.3 Passive Transport

  1. Define diffusion. Explain why diffusion is a passive and spontaneous process.
  2. Define osmosis and predict the direction of water movement based on differences in solute concentrations.
  3. Describe how living cells with and without cell walls regulate water balance.
  4. Explain how transport proteins facilitate diffusion.

7.4 Active Transport

  1. Describe the two forces that combine to produce an electrochemical gradient.
  2. Describe the process of cotransport.

7.5 Bulk Transport

  1. Explain how large molecules are transported across a cell membrane.

CHAPTER 8Name______

AN INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM

8.1 Metabolism, Energy, and Life

  1. Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy.
  2. Distinguish between an isolated and an open system. Explain why an organism is considered an open system.
  3. Explain why highly ordered living organisms do not violate the second law of thermodynamics.

8.2 Free Energy

  1. Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions in terms of free energy change.
  2. Explain why metabolic disequilibrium is one of the defining features of life.

8.3 ATP Power

  1. List the three main kinds of cellular work. Explain in general terms how cells obtain the energy to do cellular work.
  2. Describe the structure of ATP and identify the major class of macromolecules to which ATP belongs.

8.4 Protein Enzymes Regulate Metabolic Pathways

  1. Describe the function of enzymes in biological systems.
  2. Explain why an investment of activation energy is necessary to initiate a spontaneous reaction.
  3. Explain how enzyme structure determines enzyme specificity.
  4. Describe the mechanisms by which enzymes lower activation energy.
  5. Explain how temperature, pH, cofactors, and enzyme inhibitors can affect enzyme activity.

8.5 The Control of Metabolism

  1. Explain how the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin illustrates cooperativity.
  2. Explain how feedback inhibition prevents a cell from wasting chemical resources.
  3. Describe how localization of enzymes within a cell may help order metabolism.

Learning Objectives for Campbell/Reece Biology, 8th Edition, © Pearson Education, Inc.1 of 1