UNIT #3 - ENGLIGHTENMENT
JOURNAL ENTRIES
WEEK #1 (Wed-Fri)
1. Analyze how Galileo, Descartes, and Newton altered traditional interpretations of nature and challenged traditional sources of knowledge. (2009-7)
2. Assess the impact of the Sci Rev on religion & philosophy in the period 1550-1750. (2004-6)
3. Analyze the ways in which the ideas of seventeenth century thinkers like John Locke and Isaac newton contributed to the ideas of the eighteenth century enlightenment thinkers. (2010b-6)
WEEK #2 (Mon, Wed-Fri)
4. Analyze the extent to which Frederick the Great of Prussia and Joseph II of Austria advanced and did not advance Enlightenment ideals during their reigns. (2009-4)
5. Identify features of the 18th century Agricultural Revolution and analyze its social and economic consequences. (2003-2) Describe and analyze the changes that led to Europe’s rapid population growth in the eighteenth century. (2008-3)
6. Discuss three developments that enabled Great Britain to achieve a dominant economic position between 1700 and 1830. (2000-4)
WEEK #3 (Tues-Fri)
7. How and to what extent did the Commercial Revolution transform the European economy and diplomatic balance of power in the period from 1650 to 1763? (2006b-2)
8. To what extent did the Enlightenment express optimistic ideas in 18th century Europe? Illustrate your answer with reference to specific individuals and their works. (1998-5)
9. Compare and contrast the cultural values of the Enlightenment with those of the 16th century Northern Renaissance. (1982-3)
10. Describe and analyze the changes that led to Europe’s rapid population growth in the eighteenth century. (2008-3)
11. Compare & contrast 2 theories of government introduced in the period 1640 to 1780. (2003b-6)
KEY VOCAB
1 – Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution
Nicolae Copernicus (Poland) – On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)
Geocentric
Heliocentric
Tycho Brahe (Denmark)
Tychonic Model
Johannes Kepler (Bohemia) – New Astronomy (1609)
Francis Bacon (England) – “twist the lion’s tale”
Empiricism
Scholasticism
Galileo Galilei (Italy – Florence) – Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World (1632)
Law of Inertia
Four humors
Rene Descartes (“I think, therefore I am”)
Deduction
Cartesian dualism
Andreas Vesalius
William Harvey
Robert Boyle
Isaac Newton (England) – Principia (1687)
Laws of mutual attraction
Law of universal gravitation
Academy of Experiments (1657), Royal Society of London (1660), French Royal Acad. (1666)
Trial of Galileo in 1632; 1992
Blasise Pascal
Pascal’s Wager
2 – Enlightenment
Reason
Rationalism
Enlightenment
Skeptics
Pierre Bayle & Baruch Spinoza
Table Rasa
Philosophes
Montesquieu
Persian Letters (1721) and The Spirit of Laws (1748)
Separations of Powers and Checks & Balances
Voltaire
Existentialist
Denis Diderot
The Encyclopedia
David Hume
Rousseau
The Social Contract (1762)
Immanuel Kant
Reading Revolution
Salons / Salonnieres
Physiocrats
3 – Enlightened Absolutism
Frederick the Great
“first servant of the State”
Enlightened Absolutists
Charles VI
Maria Theresa
Archduchess of Austria, Holy Roman Empress
Joseph II
Catherine the Great
Peter III of Russia
Partition of Poland
Pugachev’s Rebellion
War of Austrian Succession
King George’s War
Silesia
Pragmatic Sanction
Seven Years War
French and Indian War
Diplomatic Revolution
Saxony
4 – Agricultural Revolution
80% of the people in western countries
Open Field System (three field system)
Charles “Turnip” Townsend
Robert Bakewell
Jethro Tull
Seed Drill
Enclosure Movement
Proletarianization
Population explosion of 1700s
Effect of the potato
5 – Growth of cities and town
Cottage industry
Putting out system
Textiles
John Jay – Flying shuttle
Guild system
masters
Adam Smith - Wealth of Nations – 1776
Economic Liberalism
6 – Building the Global Economy
Louis XV
Duke D’Orleans
John Law
National Bank of Paris - Mississippi Company - Mississippi Bubble
Cardinal Fleury
Elector Hannover
Hannoverian Line
Queen Anne
Act of Union 1707
United Kingdom - Act of Settlement (1701)
Whigs & Tories
Robert Walpole - Prime Minister of England
South Sea Bubble
Quieta non movere
George I
George II
House of Lords – House of Commons
Boroughs
“rotten boroughs”
War of Jenkins Ear (1739)
War of Austrian Succession / King George’s War (1740-1748)
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Maria Theresa of Austria, 23 years old
Pragmatic Sanction
Silesia
“Diplomatic Revolution” of 1756
Seven Years’ War / French and Indian War (1756-1763)
NAVIGATION ACTS (1651)
7 – Marriage and Family
Old Regime
Frederick II
Aristocratic Resurgence
Nobility of the Sword / Nobility of the Robe
Pugachev’s Rebellion – 1773-1775
Family Economy
Nuclear Family
Neolocalism
Foundling Hospital
8 – Popular Culture, Religion and Medicine in 18th century
Chapbooks
Thomas Paine - COMMON SENSE 1776
Blood Sports
Carnival
bread riots
Potato
Pietism
John Wesley – Methodism
Edward Jenner - Smallpox
Unit #3 – PAST AP EURO EXAM FRQ QUESTIONS
1. Compare and Contrast two theories of government introduced in the period from 1640-1780. (year unknown)
2. Analyze how economic and social developments affected women in England in the period from 1700-1850. (year unknown)
3. Compare and contrast the cultural values of the Enlightenment with those of the 16th century Northern Renaissance. (1982-3) - 9
4. Compare and contrast the views of Machiavelli and Rousseau on human nature and the relationship between government and the governed. (1984-3)
5. Describe and analyze the economic, cultural, and social changes that led to and sustained Europe’s rapid population growth in the period from approximately 1650-1800. (1997-5)
6. Machiavelli suggested that a ruler should behave both “like a lion” and “like a fox.” Analyze the policies of TWO of the following European rulers, indicating the degree to which they successfully followed Machiavelli’s suggestion.
Choose two: Catherine the Great of Russia
Frederick II of Prussia (1999-5)
7. Compare and contrast the goals and major policies of Peter the Great of Russia (r. 1682-1725) with those of Frederick the Great of Prussia (r. 1740-1786) (2002b-3)
8. Compare and contrast two theories of government introduced in the period from 1640 to 1780. (2003b-6)
9. Analyze the methods and degrees of success of Russian political and social reform from the period of Peter the Great (1689–1725) through Catherine the Great (1762–1796). (2008-2)
10. To what extent did the Enlightenment express optimistic ideas in 18th century Europe? Illustrate your answer with reference to specific individuals and their works. (1998-5) - 8
11. Discuss three developments that enabled Great Britain to achieve a dominant economic position between 1700 and 1830. (2000-4) - 5
12. Both Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683) and Adam Smith (1723-1790) sought to increase the wealth of their respective countries. How did their recommendations differ? (2002b-7)
13. Identify features of the 18th century Agricultural Revolution and analyze its social and economic consequences. (2003-2) - 4
14. Explain why Europe saw no lasting peace in the period between the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and the Peace of Paris in 1763. (2003b-6)
15. Compare and contrast two theories of government introduced in the period from 1640 to 1780. (2003b-6) - 11
16. Assess the impact of the Scientific Revolution on religion and philosophy in the period 1550-1750. (2004-3) – 2
17. To what extent did Romanticism challenge Enlightenment views of human beings and of the nature of world? (2004b-3)
18. Analyze the economic, technological and institutional factors responsible for western Europe’s domination of world trade from 1650 to 1800. (2005-7)
19. How and to what extent did the Commercial Revolution transform the European economy and diplomatic balance of power in the period from 1650 to 1763? (2006b-2) - 7
20. Analyze the intellectual foundations of religious toleration in 18th century Europe. (2006b-6)
21. Britain and France were engaged in a geopolitical and economic rivalry during the 18th century. Identify the factors that contributed to this rivalry, and assess the results for both countries over the period 1689 to 1789. (2007-6)
22. Describe and analyze the changes that led to Europe’s rapid population growth in the eighteenth century. (2008-3) - 10
23. Analyze the extent to which Frederick the Great of Prussia and Joseph II of Austria advanced and did not advance Enlightenment ideals during their reigns. (2009-4) - 6
24. Assess the impact of the Scientific Revolution on religion and philosophy in the period 1550-1750. (2004-6) -2
25. Analyze how Galileo, Descartes, and Newton altered traditional interpretations of nature and challenged traditional sources of knowledge. (2009-7) -1
26. Analyze the impact of the major developments of the Commercial Revolution on Europe’s economy and society in the period 1650-1789. (2009b-4)
27. Analyze the ways in which the ideas of seventeenth century thinkers like John Locke and Isaac newton contributed to the ideas of the eighteenth century enlightenment thinkers. (20101b-6) - 3
28. Analyze the ways in which European monarchs used both the arts and the sciences to enhance state power in the period 1500-1800. (2010-2)
29. Describe the challenges to royal authority in Eastern Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and evaluate the effectiveness of those challenges. (2011b-2)
USED FOR JOUNALS
1. Analyze how Galileo, Descartes, and Newton altered traditional interpretations of nature and challenged traditional sources of knowledge. (2009-7)
2. Assess the impact of the Scientific Revolution on religion and philosophy in the period 1550-1750. (2004-6) -2 OR (2004-3) – 2
3. Analyze the ways in which the ideas of seventeenth century thinkers like John Locke and Isaac newton contributed to the ideas of the eighteenth century enlightenment thinkers. (20101b-6) - 3
4. Identify features of the 18th century Agricultural Revolution and analyze its social and economic consequences. (2003-2)
5. Analyze the extent to which Frederick the Great of Prussia and Joseph II of Austria advanced and did not advance Enlightenment ideals during their reigns. (2009-4)
6. Discuss three developments that enabled Great Britain to achieve a dominant economic position between 1700 and 1830. (2000-4)
7. How and to what extent did the Commercial Revolution transform the European economy and diplomatic balance of power in the period from 1650 to 1763? (2006b-2)
8. To what extent did the Enlightenment express optimistic ideas in 18th century Europe? Illustrate your answer with reference to specific individuals and their works. (1998-5)
9. Compare and contrast the cultural values of the Enlightenment with those of the 16th century Northern Renaissance. (1982-3)
10. Describe and analyze the changes that led to Europe’s rapid population growth in the eighteenth century. (2008-3)
11. Compare and contrast two theories of government introduced in the period from 1640 to 1780. (2003b-6)
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