Media Impact on Body and Self Image

Note: Please look through resources very carefully. This is a controversial issue so some sources may have bias.Check carefully for the expertise or background of the writer or contributor.

Click here to go to section of Perceptions of Beauty and Success:

Click here to go to section on Fashion Marketing to Women

Video Documentaries

Frontline “The Persuaders: What is Going on in Advertising”:

Killing Us Softly: Advertising’s Attitudes Towards Women:

The Codes of Gender:

The Weight of the Nation:

Psy War: The Evolution of Propaganda:

Baby Beauty Queens:

The Human Face (BBC):

Miss Representation: Women in the Media: also full video available on Netflix.

Media and Teen Relationships

  1. "Factsheet: The U.S. Media Universe". NielsenWire. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  2. Herr, Norman. "Television & Health". The Source Book for Teaching Science. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  3. Elasmar, Michael. "The Portrayal of Women in U.S. Prime Time Television". Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media.
  4. Waite, Dwayne. "Sex and Advertising: Super Bowl Edition". TalentZoo.com. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  5. MacPherson, Cam. "Pop Music Reaches Way Down". Media Awareness Network. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  6. Wald, Gayle. "'I Want It That Way': Teenybopper Music and the Girling of Boy Bands". Retrieved January 27, 2008
  7. "Embarrassing age spots or just plain ugly? Physical attractiveness stereotyping as an instrument of sexism on american television commercials". Springerlink.com. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  8. "Body Image: Impact of exposure to idealised male images on adolescent boys’ body image". ScienceDirect. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  9. "MediaPost Publications Targeting Young Males". Mediapost.com. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  10. "Beauty and Body Image in the Media". Media-awareness.ca. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  11. "Mirror, mirror– A summary of research findings on body image". Sirc.org. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  12. Media and its relation to Eating Disorders
  13. "Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Volume 20, Number 3". SpringerLink. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  14. "11 Facts about Teens and Self-Esteem". Do Something. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  15. "Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Volume 30, Number 2". SpringerLink. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  16. "Advertising and Image | Handout". Media-awareness.ca. 2010-07-08. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  17. "Men Muscle in on Body Image Problems". LiveScience. 2006-08-15. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  18. "The media's representation of the ideal male body: A cause for muscle dysmorphia?– Leit– 2002– International Journal of Eating Disorders– Wiley Online Library". Onlinelibrary.wiley.com. 2001-02-14. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  19. Impact of Media on Male Body Image:
  20. "Whose Body Is This? Society's Ideal Male Body". Bodybuilding.com. 2003-12-15. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
  21. Who is the Fairest of Them All:

Zines (Online Teen oriented magazines)

1.BBC - Slink [ ] - The BBC's teen zine. Includes chat, quizzes, message boards, horoscopes, showbiz news, health, advice and fashion for girls age 13 to 16.

2.Discovery Girls Magazine [ ] - Provides guidance and a voice for tween girls. Over half of content is written by readers who star in every issue, no models used. Includes some fashion and beauty tips, a minimum of celeb talk. USA and Canada.

3.Girlfriend [ ] - A magazine for teen girls. Site includes beauty, entertainment, quizzes, fashion and more.

4.Girls' Life Magazine [ ] - A magazine for girls and teens, with subscription information.

5.Kylie Klub [ ] - On-line magazine for 9-14 year old girls featuring the latest fashions, pop gossip, beauty advice, screensavers, and competitions.

6.Latinitas [ ] - The webzine especially for Hispanic girls. Articles about summer camps, sports, advice, and the Latino beat.

7.Seventeen [ ] - Talks about hair, skin, and make-up, dating, health, college, and career.

8.Teen Vogue [ ] - A magazine for teen girls with articles, blogs and forums about fashion and beauty.

9.Teen Voices Online [ ] - Written by teen women for teen women, challenging media images and serving as a vehicle of change, improving young women's social and economic status.

10.Vervegirl.com [ ] - Includes makeup advice, free cosmetics, music news, general advice, and contests.

11.gURL [ ] - An internet magazine on being a girl.

Media Portrayal of Women

Websites(ODP)

1.Portrayal of Women in Popular Media: UNESCO report

2.Media Portrayals of Girls and Women:

3.Women Against Media’s Portrayal of Women:

4.Body Image: Women, websites and Body Image:

5.Women’s Depiction by the Mass Media (1979):

6.The Effects of Mass Media Exposure on the Acceptance of Violence Against Women: A Field Study from UCLA (1981):

7.Images of Media:

8.In the Pages of Ms.: Sex role portrayals of women in advertising:

9.Sexual Violence in the Media: Indirect Effects on Aggression against Women:

10.Media Stereotyping: A Comparison of the Way Elderly Women and Men are Portrayed on Television:

11.An Examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games:

JSTOR Articles: Very important: If the article does not open; copy and paste the title of the article into JSTOR search box. Always login into JSTOR first, search for article then choose PDF option to view JSTOR articles.

1.Does Race Matter? Effects of Idealized Images on African American Women's Perceptions of Body Esteem, Cynthia M. Frisby, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Jan., 2004), pp. 323-347

2.Unveiling Students' Perceptions about Women in Islam, Lori Cohen, LeynaPeery, The English Journal, Vol. 95, No. 3 (Jan., 2006), pp. 20-26

3.The Impact of Factual versus Fictional Media Portrayals on Cultural Stereotypes, Sheila T. Murphy, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 560, The Future of Fact (Nov., 1998), pp. 165-178

4.A Comparative Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Print Advertisements: 1958, 1970, 1972, Ahmed Belkaoui, Janice M. Belkaoui, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 13, No. 2 (May, 1976), pp. 168-172

5."Women's Lib-ers" versus Independent Women: A Study of Preferences for Women's Roles in Advertisements, Jacob M. Duker, Lewis R. Tucker, Jr., Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, No. 4 (Nov., 1977), pp. 469-475

6."We Don't Have Time for Social Change": Cultural Compromise and the Battered Woman Syndrome, Bess Rothenberg, Gender and Society, Vol. 17, No. 5 (Oct., 2003), pp. 771-787

7.Recovering Addicts' Responses to the Cinematic Portrayal of Drug and Alcohol Addiction, Elizabeth C. Hirschman, Joyce A. McGriff, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Spring, 1995), pp. 95-107

8.Black Womanhood: "Essence" and its Treatment of Stereotypical Images of Black Women, Jennifer Bailey Woodard, Teresa Mastin, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Nov., 2005), pp. 264-281

9.Pretty, Plastic Barbie: Forever What We Make Her by Kim Masters (NPR) story:

10.Early Adolescent’s Experiences with Barbie (peer scholarly article):

11.Domesticating Barbie: An Archaeology of Barbie Material Culture and Domestic Ideology, Marlys Pearson, Paul R. Mullins, International Journal of Historical Archaeology, Vol. 3, No. 4 (December 1999), pp. 225-259.

12.Native American Barbie: The Marketing of Euro-American Desires, Maureen Trudelle Schwarz, American Studies, Vol. 46, No. 3/4, Indigeneity at the Crossroads of American Studies (Indigenous Studies Today, Issue 1, Fall 2005/Spring 2006) (Fall/Winter 2005), pp. 295-326.

13.DAMICO, AMY M., and SARA E. QUAY. "Stories Of Boy Scouts, Barbie Dolls, And Prom Dresses: Challenging College Students To Explore The Popular Culture Of Their Childhood." Teachers College Record 108.4 (2006): 604-620. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

14."Life In Plastic." Economist 365.8304 (2002): 20-22. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

15.Dittmar, Helga, Emma Halliwell, and Suzanne Ive. "Does Barbie Make Girls Want To Be Thin? The Effect Of Experimental Exposure To Images Of Dolls On The Body Image Of 5- To 8-Year-Old Girls." Developmental Psychology 42.2 (2006): 283-292. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

16.Anschutz, Doeschka, and Rutger Engels. "The Effects Of Playing With Thin Dolls On Body Image And Food Intake In Young Girls." Sex Roles 63.9/10 (2010): 621-630. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

17.Wanless, Mary Dorsey. "Barbie's Body Images." Feminist Media Studies 1.1 (2001): 125-127. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

18.Kuther, Tara L., and Erin McDonald. "Early Adolescents' Experiences With, And Views Of, Barbie." Adolescence 39.153 (2004): 39-51. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

19.Norman, Kevin I. "Ken And Barbie At Life Size." Sex Roles 34.3/4 (1996): 287-294. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

20.Williams, Christine L. "The Sociology Of Sexuality." Chronicle Of Higher Education 52.24 (2006): B4. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

21.Borger, Gloria. "Barbie's newest values." U.S. News & World Report Dec. 1997: 40. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

22.Lee, Janet. "Beef Up, Barbie." Women's Sports & Fitness 15.7 (1993): 25. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

23.Garfield, Bob. "Barbie Becomes More Than Just A Pretty Face." Advertising Age 70.7 (1999): 45. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

24."Barbie Is No Living Doll As A Role Model." Times Educational Supplement 4215 (1997): 14. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

25.Wood, Gaby, and Frances Stonor Saunders. "Dream Doll." New Statesman 131.4583 (2002): 38. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

26."Finally, Barbie Doll Ads Go Ethnic." Newsweek 116.7 (1990): 48. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

Beauty and Culture

  1. Coy, Maddy. "Milkshakes, Lady Lumps And Growing Up To Want Boobies: How The Sexualisation Of Popular Culture Limits Girls' Horizons." Child Abuse Review 18.6 (2009): 372-383. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.
  2. Cope, Kevin L. "Beauty: An Essential Characteristic Of Civilized Culture." Modern Age 49.4 (2007): 372-382. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.
  3. Shute, Nancy. "Makeover Nation. (Cover Story)." U.S. News & World Report 136.19 (2004): 52-63. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.
  4. Bonafini, B. A., and P. Pozzilli. "Body Weight And Beauty: The Changing Face Of The Ideal Female Body Weight." Obesity Reviews 12.1 (2011): 62-65. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.
  5. Akst, Daniel. "What Meets The Eye." Wilson Quarterly 29.3 (2005): 15-23. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.
  6. Alkon, Amy. "THE TRUTH ABOUT BEAUTY. (Cover Story)." Psychology Today 43.6 (2010): 54-59. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.
  7. Gottschall, Jonathan. "The “Beauty Myth” Is No Myth." Human Nature 19.2 (2008): 174-188. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.
  8. Fatović-Ferenčić, S., M.-A. Dürrigl, and K. Holubar. "Beauty: Soul Or Surface?." Journal Of Cosmetic Dermatology 2.2 (2003): 82-85. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.
  9. Triggs, Charlotte, Kay West, and Elaine Aradillas. "Toddlers & Tiaras TOO MUCH TOO SOON? (Cover Story)." People 76.12 (2011): 160-168. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.
  10. Dana, Rebecca. "All I Want For Christmas Is A Brand-New Face." Newsweek 158.25 (2011): 13-15. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.
  11. Rosen, Christine. "The Anti-Beauty Myth." Commentary 130.4 (2010): 36-38. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.

Beauty and Perceptions of Success

  1. Lorenz, Kate. (2005). "Do Pretty People Earn More?"
  2. Dion, K., Berscheid, E., Walster, E. (1972). "What is beautiful is good." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(3), 285-290.
  3. Tall men 'top husband stakes'. BBC News. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
  4. Daniel Nettle: Women’s height, reproductive success and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in modern humans. The Royal Society. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
  5. Stephen J. Dubner (July 9, 2007). "The Science of Large Breasts, and Other Evolutionary Verities". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
  6. Abigail Trafford, Andrew Cherlin (Mar. 6, 2001). "Second Opinion: Men's Health & Marriage". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-11-06. "The major reason for the imbalance between men and women in the later decades of life is because men tend to marry younger women as they get older."
  7. Maxims or Myths of Beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review," J.H. Langlois, L. Kalakanis, A.J. Rubenstein, A. Larson, M. Hallam, & M. Smoot, Psychological Bulletin, 2000, 126, 390-
  8. Wheeler, L. & Kim, Y. (1997). What is beautiful is culturally good: The physical attractiveness stereotype has different content in collectivist cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 795-800.
  9. Tan is 'In': Study Finds Light Brown More Attractive than Pale or Dark Skin
  10. Kanazawa, S. (2011) Intelligence and Physical Attractiveness. pgs 7-14, url=
  11. Langlois JH, Kalakanis L, Rubenstein AJ, Larson A, Hallam M, Smoot M (May 2000). "Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review". Psychol Bull126 (3): 390–423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.390. PMID10825783. PDF
  12. Women drawn to men with muscles
  13. Do Pretty People Earn More from cnn.com
  14. Clifford, Margaret; Elaine Walster (1973). "The Effect of Physical Attractiveness on Teacher Expectations". Sociology of Education46 (2): 248–258. Retrieved 4/8/2012.
  15. Efrain, Michael; Patterson, E. W. J (1974). "Voters vote beautiful: The effect of physical appearance on a national election.".Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science6 (4): 352–356. doi:10.1037/h0081881.
  16. Science rewrites the rules of attraction
  17. Dion, Karen; Berscheid, Ellen; Walster, Elaine (December 1972). "What is beautiful is good". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology24 (3): 285–290. Retrieved 4/8/2012.
  18. Zaidel DW, Aarde SM, Baig K (April 2005). "Appearance of symmetry, beauty, and health in human faces". Brain Cogn57 (3): 261–3. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2004.08.056. PMID15780460.
  19. Evolution producing more 'beautiful' women
  20. Diener, Ed; Wolsic, Brian; Fujita, Frank (July 1995). "Physical attractiveness and subjective well-being". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology69 (1): 120–129. doi:10.1037/0022-
  21. The Ugliness Penalty:
  22. How Much is Being Attractive Worth?:
  23. Taking Beauty’s Measure:
  24. Economics of Beauty:

Fashion Marketing to Women

  1. Cultural expectations of thinness in women
  2. Does size matter? The impact of model's body size on women's body-focused anxiety and advertising effectiveness
  3. The Identity of Women's Clothing Fashion Opinion Leaders.
  4. The mass marketing of disordered eating and eating disorders: The social psychology of women, thinness and culture
  5. Generational buying motivations for fashion
  6. "Fashion Week Films: 10 Movies About the Business of Looking Good". Popsugar Entertainment. September 5, 2013. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
  7. "One man’s trash is another man’s fashion". NBC News/ AP. 2008-07-02. Retrieved 2013-02-15.
  8. Baum, Geraldine. "What's Her Recipe For French Dressing? (Cover Story)." Time 170.(2007): 85-87.
  9. STEIN, LOUISA. "Playing Dress-Up: Digital Fashion AndGamic Extensions Of Televisual Experience In Gossip Girl's Second Life." Cinema Journal 48.3 (2009): 116-122.
  10. HAYWOOD, SHARON. "Model BEHAVIOUR." Herizons 27.2 (2013): 24-27.
  11. GREGORY, DEBORAH. "The Cutting Edge." Essence (Time Inc.) 42.5 (2011): 160-162.
  12. Collins, Lauren. "Skivvies 101." New Yorker 86.40 (2010): 34-35.
  13. Wentz, Laurel. "P&G Adapts Its Web Fashion Show For Hispanic Women." Advertising Age 80.37 (2009): 42.
  14. Kane, Florence. "Jean Genie." Architectural Digest (2008): 36.
  15. Hampp, Andrew. "Recession-Chic: Vogue Makes Fewer Ad Pages Look Stylish." Advertising Age 79.32 (2008): 16.
  16. Lunau, Kate. "Study Finds Real Women Don't Sell." Maclean's 121.33 (2008): 34.
  17. Zmuda, Natalie. "'Mad Men' As Fashion Muse." Advertising Age 79.30 (2008): 6.
  18. Bulik, Beth Snyder. "Power Of The 30-Something Purse." Advertising Age 79.15 (2008): 16.
  19. Akou, Heather Marie. "Building A New "World Fashion": Islamic Dress In The Twenty-First Century." Fashion Theory: The Journal Of Dress, Body & Culture 11.4 (2007): 403-421.
  20. Dyk, Deirdre van. "Josie Natori Turns Dressing Inside Out. (Cover Story)." Time 170.(2007): 92-93.
  21. Hume, Marion. "It's Now Just A Click Away. (Cover Story)." Time 170.(2007): 93.
  22. Ives, Nat. "Fashion Marketers See Good-Looking Ad Options Online." Advertising Age 78.36 (2007): 3-37.
  23. Schrobsdorff, Susanna. "Skinny Is The New Fat." Newsweek 148.18 (2006): 55.
  24. Thompson, Stephanie. "What's In Fashion? Bargain Buying." Advertising Age 77.25 (2006): 7.
  25. Michiko, Toyama. "Boutique In Hand." Time 167.(2006): 63.
  26. David, Alison Matthews. "Vogue's New World: American FashionabilityAnd The Politics Of Style." Fashion Theory: The Journal Of Dress, Body & Culture 10.1/2 (2006): 13-38.
  27. George, Lianne. "Scoring A Glam Slam." Maclean's 118.33 (2005): 46-48.
  28. "Fab Or Flab?." People 64.7 (2005): 116.
  29. Katz, Mia. "Kathy Ireland: The Making Of A Super Mogul. (Cover Story)." Women In Business 57.4 (2005): 6-10.
  30. Setoodeh, Ramin. "Pajamas Go Public." Newsweek 145.22 (2005): 14.

Academic Search Premiere Articles

How to open articles. Click on the BLUE link under the citation information for each article. Articles are already in MLA format. Then enter the username and password for the article database

  1. Jæger,Mads Meier. "A Thing Of Beauty Is A Joy Forever"? Returns To Physical Attractiveness Over The Life Course." Social Forces (University Of North Carolina Press) 89.3 (2011): 983-1003. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  2. SACHS, ANDREA. "Here's Looking At You." Time 178.7 (2011): 15. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  3. Xu, Gary, and Susan Feiner. "MeinüJingji/China's Beauty Economy: Buying Looks, Shifting Value, And Changing Place." Feminist Economics 13.3/4 (2007): 307-323. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  4. Evans, Peggy Chin. "“IF Only I Were Thin Like Her, Maybe I Could Be Happy Like Her”: The Self-Implications Of Associating A Thin Female Ideal With Life Success." Psychology Of Women Quarterly 27.3 (2003): 209. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  5. Esara, Pilapa. "Imagining The Western Husband: Thai Women's Desires For Matrimony, Status And Beauty." Ethnos: Journal Of Anthropology 74.3 (2009): 403-426. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  6. Miller, Laura. "Japan's Cinderella Motif: Beauty Industry And Mass Culture Interpretations Of A Popular Icon." Asian Studies Review 32.3 (2008): 393-409. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  7. Gross, Daniel, and Matthew Zeitlin. "The Botox Economy." Newsweek 160.16 (2012): 26-27. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  8. Halvorson, Heidi Grant. "Can You Be Too BEAUTIFUL?." Psychology Today 43.6 (2010): 58. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  9. Evans, Julie A. "American Beauty." Prevention 55.5 (2003): 142. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  10. Aronson, Robert E., Tony L. Whitehead, and Willie L. Baber. "Challenges To Masculine Transformation Among Urban Low-Income African American Males." American Journal Of Public Health 93.5 (2003): 732-741. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  11. Mary Jane Ojie, et al. "Gold Diggers, Video Vixens, And Jezebels: Stereotype Images And Substance Use Among Urban African American Girls." Journal Of Women's Health (15409996) 20.9 (2011): 1315-1324. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  12. Lennon, Christine. "Smiling For Dollars." Time (2006): 42-46. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  13. TUCKER, ABIGAIL. "The Price Of Beauty." Smithsonian 43.7 (2012): 18. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  14. Smith, Stephen M., William D. McIntosh, and Doris G. Bazzini. "Are The Beautiful Good In Hollywood? An Investigation Of The Beauty-And-Goodness Stereotype On Film." Basic & Applied Social Psychology 21.1 (1999): 69-80. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  15. Higgins, Kathleen Marie. "Whatever Happened To Beauty? A Response To Danto." Journal Of Aesthetics & Art Criticism 54.3 (1996): 281. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  16. Cain, Mary Cathryn. "The Art And Politics Of Looking White." Winterthur Portfolio 42.1 (2008): 27-50. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  17. Piirto, Jane. "I Live In My Own Bubble: The Values Of Talented Adolescents." Journal Of Secondary Gifted Education 16.2/3 (2005): 106-118. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  18. Jutel, Annemarie. "Pretty Is As Pretty Does: An Historical Explanation For Fat Fixation." Healthy Weight Journal 17.5 (2003): 68-72. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  19. "Miss Saudi Beautiful Morals." Middle East Quarterly 16.4 (2009): 83. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  20. North, Adrian C., and Lorraine P. Sheridan. "Death, Attractiveness, Moral Conduct, And Attitudes To Public Figures." Omega: Journal Of Death & Dying 60.4 (2009): 351-363. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  21. Gavzer, Karyn. "Appearances Count: What Does Yours Say About You?." DVM: The Newsmagazine Of Veterinary Medicine (2008): 6-7. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  22. Zaibert, Leo. "The Fitting, The Deserving, And The Beautiful." Journal Of Moral Philosophy 3.3 (2006): 331-350. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
  23. DeWall, C. Nathan, T. William Altermatt, and Heather Thompson. "Understanding The Structure Of Stereotypes Of Women: Virtue And Agency As Dimensions Distinguishing Female Subgroups." Psychology Of Women Quarterly 29.4 (2005): 396-405. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.

Search engines include Open Directory, Wiki External Links, EBSCO, JSTOR and LAPL databases Page 1