Station 1 Microscope Use
Materials: Microscope, metric slide ruler, protist slide
Questions:
- Calculate the total magnification of each objective.
- Using the metric ruler slide, measure the field of view on the lowest power magnification.
- Using the metric ruler slide, measure the field of view on the 2nd lowest (medium) power magnification.
- Estimate the diameter of the field of view for the high power magnification.
Objective Lens / Low Power / Medium Power / High Power
Total magnification
Field of View Diameter (mm)
Field of View Diameter (㎛)
5. Observe the slide of Euglena. Estimate the length (without the flagellum) of a single Euglena.
Gram Staining Station/Antibiotic Effectiveness Station
Look at the images below and describe the bacterial cells in as much detail as possible.
6. .
7.
8.
9.
10.By simply looking at a photo (such as the one below) of a gram stain containing two types of bacteria, what can you tell about the structural differences in the cell walls of each of the types of bacteria?
11. Use the photo of the petri dish and susceptibility data below to fill out the chart. Identify if each is resistant (R), intermediate (I), or susceptible (S).
11.
Antibiotic / Susceptibility (R, I, or S)Amoxicillin (AMC)
Cephalothin (CF)
Chloramphenicol (C)
Ciprofloxacin (CIP)
Clindamycin (CC)
Erythromycin (E)
Oxacillin (OX)
Penicillin G (P)
Streptomycin (S)
Tetracycline (TE)
Tobramycin (TM)
Trimethoprim sulfa (SXT)
Microbe Mission
STATION 2
Name the part of the microscope referred to by number above.
1. Part 1 7. Part 10
2. Part 2 8. Part 11
3. Part 4 9. Part 12
4. Part 7 10. Part 13
5. Part 11. Part 14
6. Part 9 12. Alternate term for part 9
Microbe Mission
STATION 2
13. A student is viewing a protozoan at 160X total magnification. The eyepiece has 8X magnification. What is the magnification of the objective lens being used?
14 – 17. Covert the listed metric measurements below to micrometers (µm). Each answer must have units. Answers must be in scientific notation.
14. 53 mm
15. 3.2 cm
16. 0.02 m
17. 18 nm
18. If the diameter of the field of view is 3600 µm at 40X, what is the diameter of the field of view at 1,000X?
19. You are viewing an object using your 10X objective lens. You measure the diameter of the field of view to be 0.255 mm. Covert the diameter to µm. Use scientific notation.
20. You have a cell whose length you measured to be 80 µm. If the cells are aligned lengthwise, approximately how many cells will cover the field of view?
21. Based on what you know about the relative sizes of microbes, to which of these groups could the organism NOT belong?
a. parasitic worms c. plant-like protists
b. animal-like protists d. eubacteria
Microbe Mission
STATION 3
- What happens when T-7 bacteriophages are grown in radioactive phosphorus?
- They can no longer infect bacteria.
- They die.
- Their DNA becomes radioactive.
- Their protein coat becomes radioactive.
- Both the DNA and protein coat becomes radioactive.
- Prions are
- Bacteriophages that cause disease.
- Infectious proteins.
- A bacterium that infects viruses.
- Introns that have been excised from a strand of mRNA.
- Radioactive proteins.
- Which disease(s) is caused by a prion?
- HPV
- Giardiasis
- Scrapie
- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
- Both A and C
- Both A and D
- Both C and D
- A scientist is trying to identify a single-celled organism that has been collected from the deep ocean. It has cell walls containing peptidoglycan, infolded plasma membranes, one large ring chromosome, and one type of RNA polymerase. How should this be classified?
- As a plant, due to the cell wall.
- As an Archaean, due to the peptidoglycan in the cell wall.
- As a Eubacteria, due to the single type of RNA polymerase.
- As a protist, due to the infolded plasma membrane.
Station 3
- Mary and Kayla are having an argument about sugar. Mary says that she tries to avoid eating foods high in sugars, like fructose because they cause tooth decay. Kayla says sugar might be fattening, but it does not increase decay. Who is correct?
- Mary because sugar attracts viruses that invade tooth tissue.
- Mary, because bacteria convert sugar into lactic acid that attacks tooth enamel.
- Kayla, because teeth will decay all on their own, without help from sugar.
- Kayla, because through brushing will eliminate bacteria that might damage enamel.
- Bacteria often form symbiotic relationships with other organisms. Cows are grazing animals tha have large and diverse populations of bacteria in their digestive tract. Which group of bacteria described below is essential to the cow’s grazing way of life?
- Methane-producing bacteria that release glucose.
- Bacteria which ferment glucose to make fatty acids.
- Cellulose-digesting bacteria that release glucose.
- Bacteria which digest proteins to make fatty acids.
Questions 7 - 15 refer to the organism in Figure 3.1
Figure 3.1
- The organisms in Figure 3.1 is
- Prokaryotic c. Neither A or B
- Eukaryotic d. Both a and b
Station 3
- Name the organism (Genus) in Figure 3.1.
- Which statement(s) are true about the organism in Figure 3.1?
- It lacks a cell wall
- It has a cell wall containing chitin
- It has a cell wall containing carbohydrates
- It lacks mitochondria
- Both A and D
- Both B and D
- Both C and D
- None of the above
- The organism in Figure 3.1
- Moves using cilia c. moves using an undulating membrane
- Moves using flagella d. does not move by itself
- Which bodily system is affected by the microbe in Figure 3.1?
- Circulatory system c. Respiratory system
- Nervous system d. Digestive system
- Which statement(s) are true about the organism in Figure 3.1?
- It is photosynthetic c. It is anaerobic e. Both A and C
- It is aerobic d. Both A and B f. none of the above
- Name the illness caused by the organism in Figure 3.1.
- Transmission of the organism in Figure 3.1 is most often via
- An insect bite c. ingestion of undercooked meat
- Air borne pathogen d. contaminated water supplies
- Infection of the organism in Figure 3.1
- Can be prevented by vaccination
- Can be treated by antiviral medications
- Can be treated by antibiotics
- Has no treatment
Microbe Mission
STATION 4
Use the letter of one of the terms below to answer questions 1 -9
A.Photoautotrophs B. Photoheterotrophs C. Chemoheterotrophs D. Chemoautotrophs
1.Use light as their source of energy, but obtain carbon from organic molecules.
2. Obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances
3. Use energy of sunlight to build organic molecules from carbon dioxide.
4. Decomposers and most pathogens.
5. These types of microbes carry out nitrification.
6. Purple and green sulfur bacteria that use bacteriochlorophyll and H2S as an electron donor.
7. Purple and green non-sulfur bacteria.
8. Cyanobacteria.
Write the CAPITAL LETTER of the terms below to answer questions 9 -13.
A. Gram positive B. Gram negative
9. Bacteria that have a thin layer of peptidoglycan between the cell membrane and a second outer membrane.
10. Cells appear purple after staining.
11. Bacteria with a thick peptidoglygan layer in the outer layer
12. Cells appear dark pink after staining.
13. Resistant to many antibiotics.
14. Thick protective coatings formed around some bacteria when exposed to environmental stress are called ______. .
Station 4
Figure 4.1
15. The organism shown in Figure 4.1 is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Which statement correctly identifies this organism?
a.It is a bacteria c. It is a virus
b.It is a protest d. It is a fungus
- Which statement is true?
- It has a capsid
- It has a cell wall made of carbohydrates
- It has a cell wall made of chitin
- It has neither a capsid nor cell wall.
- Which statement(s) is true?
- This organism is prokaryotic f. Both A and E
- This organism is eukaryotic. g. Both B and C
- This organism is a protest. H. BothA and D
- This organism is a fungus. I. Both Band D
- This organism is bacteria. J. none of the above
- Name two uses for the microbe shown in Figure 4.1
- Which of the following processes is vitally important to the organism in Figure 4.1?
- Fermentation c. sexual reproduction
- Photosynthesis d. conjugation
Microbe Mission
STATION 5
FIGURE 5.1 Bacterial Growth Curve
Questions 1 -4 refer to Figure 5.1 above.
- Give the proper name for the portion of the curve labeled “C”.
- Give the proper name for the portion of the curve labeled “B”.
- Give the proper name for the portion of the curve labeled “A”.
- Give the proper name for the portion of the curve labeled “D”.
- Bacteria replicate by the process known as ______.
6,7,8. Give three reasons bacterial growth will flatten out as in “C”.
9.Escherichia coli, under optimum conditions, has a generation time of 20 minutes. If one started with only 10E. coli(No= 10) and allowed them to grow for 12 hours, how many E. coli would be present? State your answer using SCIENTIFIC NOTATION. Show your work.
10. What does MRSA stand for?
11, 12. 13. List three methods of locomotion found in Protists:
Microbe Mission
STATION 5
Questions 14- 24 refer to figure 5.2
Figure 5.2
14. What type of microbe is shown in Figure 5.2?
15. The photo in Figure 5.2 was taken with an electron microscope. Based on this information, what is the magnification of this organism?
a. 10-20X c. 400X
b. 50-100X d. >1,000X
16. Organisms of this group normally have dimensions that would be expressed using which of the following units?
a. cemtimeter c. micrometers e. angstroms
b. millimeters d. nanometers f. none of the above
17. What is the name of the organism in Figure 5.2?
Microbe Mission
STATION 5
18. This organism
a. causes acute respiratory infections
b. destroys immune response resulting in death by infection or cancer
c. causes blisters spread by skin to skin contact
d. causes acute hemorrhagic fever
19. The illness caused by this microbe
a. Can be prevented by vaccination c. Can be treated by antibiotics
b. Can be treated by antiviral medications d. has no treatment
20. Outbreaks of this illness have originated on this continent.
21. The organism in Figure 5.2 is a
a. prokaryote c. colonial species
b. eukaryote d. none of the above
22. The natural host of the microbe shown in Figure 5.2 is ______. Unknown
23. Fatality rates for those infected with this microbe usually exceed
a. 50% c. 80%
b 70% d. 90%
24. The genome of the microbe in Figure 5.2 consists of
a. double stranded DNA c. (+) Single stranded RNA
b. Single stranded DNA d. (-)Single stranded RNA
Microbe Mission
STATION 6
1. Which type of microbe does not have DNA complexed with histones?
a. Mycobacterium c. Saccharomyces
b. Rhodophyta d. Dinoflagellates
2. When bacteria are first cultured, growth is slow while the organisms acclimate to the conditions. This period is called the
a. stationary phase c. lag phase
b. death phase d. log phase
3. What appear to be "eyes" in the parasite Giardia are actually a pair of...
a. lysosomes c. nuclei
b. symbiotic yeast d. vacuoles
4. Which of the following pairs of diseases are the result of an arthropod bite?
a. botulism and mononucleosis c. West Nile fever and Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
b. Anthrax and tetanus d. Herpes and Legionnaire’s disease
5. Cysts or spores are produced by all of the following groups of microbes EXCEPT
a. fungi c. Eubacteria e. Archaea
b. prions d. animal-like protists f. none of the above
6. You are examining a single cell that is not motile. When viewed with a light microscope, you cannot see any organelles in the cell. This microbe is most likely which of the following?
a. virus c. prion e. fungus
b. bacterium d. protozoan f. none of the above
7. Cryptosporidium is
a. a protist c. prokaryotic e. Both A and C g. Both B and C
b. a bacterium d. eukaryotic f. Both A and D h. Both B and D
Microbe Mission
STATION 6
8. You discover a fuzzy greenish growth on some food hidden in the back of your refrigerator. Viewed with amicroscope you can see long, thin hair-like filaments and a cell wall. This organism is most likely a(n)
a. Archaea c. alga
b. bacterium d. fungus
9. Which of the following groups of organisms represent the two main groups of decomposers?
a. bacteria and viruses c. fungi and viruses
b. bacteria and fungi d. arthropods and fungi
10. Genetic variation can result from all of the following processes except
a. transduction c. meiosis
b. mutation d. conjugation
Figure 6.1 Figure 6.2 Figure 6.3
11. What is the name of the cell morphology in Figure 6.1?
12. What is the name of the cell morphology in Figure 6.2?
13. What is the name of the cell morphology in Figure 6.3?
Microbe Mission
STATION 6
Questions 14 - 29 are True or False. Use a capital letter T or F to indicate your answer.
14. If a person gets a disease once, they will be immune to getting the disease a second time.
15. The size of a cell is often helpful in determining the type of microbe
16. All life on earth depends on photosynthesis.
17. Elephantiasis is caused by a worm that is probably infected with Wolbachia.
18. Penicillin or streptomycin can be used to treat viral infections.
19. Archaea are limited in distribution and dwell only in soil.
20. Microbes can be used to treat oil spills.
21. Just because a solution is sterile does not mean that the object is safe from causing disease.
22. All viruses are smaller than 100 nm in diameter/length.
23. Spirochetes are long, coil shaped cells that stain gram-negative.
24. Diatoms produce >20% of the earth’s oxygen as a result of photosynthesis.
25. Cyanobacteria are eukaryotic.
26. In gram-positive bacteria the peptidoglycan forms a thick, complex network around the outer surface of the cell.
27. Tuberculosis is caused by a fungus.
28. Denitrifying bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3).
29. Dinoflagellates can cause “red tides” and produce powerful neurotoxins.
Microbe Mission
STATION 7
1. Saccharomycescerevisiae
a. ferments pentose sugars in the absence of oxygen
b. ferments hexose sugars in the absence of oxygen
c. carries out atypical cellular respiration
d. carries out typical cellular respiration
2. A process that involves heating liquids to a temperature ( 63°C) that kills disease causing microorganisms is called ______.
3. Radiation of food by use of gamma rays
a. causes food to become radioactive
b. use uranium
c. cannot be used on meats
d. must be used on moist foods to be effective
4. The largest meat recall in U. S. history was caused by this microbe: ______
5. The CDC estimates there are approximately ______cases of food-related illnesses in the U. S. each year.
a. 128,000 c. 24 million
b. 500,000 d. 48 million
6. Microbes of the genus ______cause the most reported illnesses.
7. Measures to prevent food borne illnesses include
a. thorough hand washing d. prevention of cross-contamination of foods
b. sharing cups and utensils e. Both A and C
c. vaccines f. Both A and D
8. True or False. Staphylococcus aureus produces extracellular toxins that are heat resistant and not destroyed during normal cooking.
Microbe Mission
STATION 7
9. Microbes belonging to the genus ______are used to produce fermented milks.
10 and 11. Name two foods produced using microbes that carry out fermentation.
12. Which of the following is not an intrinsic factor in microbial growth and food spoilage?
a. Food composition c. the physical structure of a food
b. pH and redox potential of a food d. temperature
13 and 14. Give two reasons grinding and mixing of foods increases the potential for food spoilage.
15. Which statement is correct?
a. Storing meat in a high CO2 environment inhibits Gram-negative bacteria.
b. Humidity is not a factor in food storage.
c. Spoilage problems cannot occur with concentrated, frozen citric products because of the low pH.
d. A refrigerator that has not been defrosted for a long period of time will cause microbial growth to slow down.
16. Commercial canning processes heat canned food to
a. 100°C for 10 to 20 minutes c. 100°C for 10 minutes for 25 to 100 minutes
b. 115°C for 10 to 20 minutes d. 115°C for 10 minutes for 25 to 100 minutes
17. After heating, commercially canned products are
a. slowly cooled to room temperature c. chemically sterilized
b. cooled rapidly with cold water d. completely microbe free
18. What does UHT stand for?
19. The strange behaviors and symptoms of the Salem witches (Massachusetts colony, 1692) have been ascribed to ______, a type of fungus.
20. The organism in question 19, of the genus Claviceps, grows on ______plants.
Microbe Mission
STATION 8
Use the letters below to indicate the best match to the statement or question.
A. Legionnaire’s Disease D. Kuru G. Pertussis
B. Mononucleosis E. Polio H. Anthrax
C. Malaria F. Botulism I. Trichinosis
1. Caused by a Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria often found in air conditioning systems and shower stalls.
2. Disease named from the native term meaning “to shake”, describing the tremors that are characteristic of this disease.
3. Caused by a protist.
4. Caused by a virus with an RNA genome.
5. A bacterium of the genus Clostridium produces a toxin that initially affects muscles supplied by the cranial nerves.
6. Caused by a parasitic roundworm.
7. A highly contagious bacterial disease with symptoms similar to the common cold.
8. Disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, characterized by extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands.
9. The gram-positive bacteria that cause this disease are usually found as endospores in the soil.
10. Caused by infectious prions.
11. Spores are able to survive in harsh conditions for decades or even centuries and can be found on all continents, including Antarctica.
12. Caused by plasmodium.
13. Improper cooking of meat, especially pork, can result in this illness.
14. An inactivated virus vaccine was developed in 1952 byJonas Salk for this disease.
STATION 8
15. Caused by a member of the Herpes virus family.
16. Food borne illness caused by anaerobic bacteria.
17. The only vaccine-preventable disease that is associated with increasing deaths in the U.S.
18. There is novaccine. Prevention depends on good maintenance of water cooling towers, hot water tanks, and hot tubs.
19. Which of the above disease(s) are caused by viruses? (List all by CAPITAL LETTER)
20. Which of the above disease(s) are caused by bacteria? (List all by CAPITAL LETTER)
21. Which of the above disease(s) are caused by prortist? (List all by CAPITAL LETTER)
22. Which of the above disease(s) are caused by prions? (List all by CAPITAL LETTER)