Name:______ClassPeriod:______Date:______
Book F Chapter 4
Lesson 1 – Review
Please answer all questions on looseleaf paper.
MAKE SURE TO REVIEW ALL VOCABULARY TERMS!!
1. Explain the difference between the crust and the mantle.
The crust and mantle are both classified by their chemical composition.
The crust is the thinnest of the 3 layers classified by its chemical composition. It comprises the land and sea floor, and can be anywhere from 5 – 100km thick. This layer is solid.
The mantle is the largest of the 3 layers classified by its chemical composition. It is composed of liquid rock called magma, and can be as thick as 2,900 km
CRUST: OXYGEN, SILICON, ALUMINUMMANTLE: MAGNESIUM, ALUMINUM
2. Explain the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
The lithosphere and asthenosphere are both classified according to their physical properties.
The lithosphere includes the solid portion of the crust and the upper mantle. This layer is considered SOLID. Tectonic plates are found in this layer.
The asthenosphere is a soft, pliable layer. It is described as a stretchable solid. Tectonic plates float or move because of this layer.
3. The layers of the Earth are classified according to physical properties and chemical composition.
Organize the different layers of the Earth according to how the layers are classified.
-5 layers classified according to physical properties
-3 layers classified according to the chemical composition of the layers
* You can simply make a T-chart
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION / PHYSICAL PROPERTIES1. crust
2. mantle
3. core / 1. lithosphere
2. asthenosphere
3. mesosphere
4. outer core
5. inner core
4. Identify which layer of Earth is broken into pieces known as tectonic plates, and identifywhich layer of Earth these tectonic plates “float” or “move” upon.
Tectonic plates are found in the lithosphere, and the plates move or float upon the asthenosphere.
5. What is a seismic wave?
Seismic waves are the vibrations from an earthquake that travel through the layers of the Earth. Seismic waves contain an enormous amount of energy.
6. How does density affect the speed of seismic waves?
Seismic waves travel faster through material that is dense. As the density of a material decreases (the material becomes less dense), the speed of the wave decreases.
HIGHER DENSITY = FASTER SPEED OF SEISMIC WAVES
LOWER DENSITY = SLOWER SPEED OF SEISMIC WAVES.
Solid materials are more dense than liquid materials.
7. How do scientists gather data and “see” inside the Earth? - HINT: Earthquake data!!
Since earthquakes generate seismic waves, a scientist will analyze the speed of the seismic waves to determine what type of material the seismic waves are travelling through. Scientists know that density affects the speed of seismic waves - seismic waves travel faster through a solid material and travel slower through a less dense material, like a liquid.
**If a scientist is monitoring the speed of a seismic wave and notices that the speed is decreasing, the scientist can determine that the wave is passing through material that is less dense – like a liquid. If the scientist detects the wave is speeding up, the scientist can conclude the wave is passing through material that is more dense – like a solid.Analyzing this data allows scientists to “see” inside the Earth and make an accurate map of the interior of our planet.
8. Categorize the 5 physical layers as solid, liquid or a combo of both:
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES1. lithosphere - SOLID
2. asthenosphere - COMBO
3. mesosphere - SOLID
4. outer core - LIQUID
5. inner core - SOLID