Made of Amino Acid Subunits

PROTEINS

CARBOHYDRATES

NUCLEIC ACIDS

LIPIDS

Made of amino acid subunits

Made of monosaccharide subunits

Made of nucleotide subunits

Made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Hydrophilic Hydrophilic

Hydrophobic Hydrophobic

MONOSACCHARIDES

DISACCHARIDES

OLIGOSACCHARIDES

POLYSACCHARIDES

Includes glucose, ribose, fructose, galactose, & deoxyribose

Includes glycogen, cellulose, & starch

Includes DNA & RNA

Includes hemoglobin & insulin

Includes fats, oils, waxes, and steroids

Includes sucrose, lactose, maltose

Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
in a 1 C : 2 H : 1 O ratio

Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and NITROGEN

Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, NITROGEN, and PHOSPHORUS

Contain mainly Carbon and Hydrogen with very little oxygen

Can be made Can be made
of this subunit of this subunit

Made of this subunit Made of this subunit

Can be made of these subunits

and

Can be made of these subunits

and

Can be made of these subunits

and

Can be made of these subunits

and

Made of ONLY Made of ONLY
ONE sugar molecule ONE sugar molecule

Made of TWO Made of TWO
sugar molecules sugar molecules

Made of a FEW Made of a FEW
(2-10) sugar (2-10) sugar
molecules molecules

Made of MANY Made of MANY
(100’s-1000’s) (100’s-1000’s)
sugar molecules sugar molecules

Often found in glycoproteins

Has a structure like this Has a structure like this

DNA RNA

FATS STEROIDS

Includes cellulose Includes starch

Includes glycogen Includes chitin

Includes cellulose Includes starch

Includes glycogen Includes chitin

Includes cellulose Includes starch

Includes glycogen Includes chitin

CAN be digested CAN’T be digested
by animals by animals

Joined by Joined by
PEPTIDE bonds PEPTIDE bonds

Joined by Joined by
α-GLYCOSIDIC β-GLYCOSIDIC

linkages linkages

Joined by Joined by
α-GLYCOSIDIC β-GLYCOSIDIC

linkages linkages

Joined by Joined by
α-GLYCOSIDIC β-GLYCOSIDIC

linkages linkages

Joined by Joined by
α-GLYCOSIDIC β-GLYCOSIDIC

linkages linkages

Shows 1°, 2°, 3°, and

sometimes 4° structure

Shows 1°, 2°, 3°, and

sometimes 4° structure

Shows 1°, 2°, 3°, and

sometimes 4° structure

Shows 1°, 2°, 3°, and

sometimes 4° structure

Shows 1°, 2° , 3°, and

sometimes 4° structure

ONLY MACROMOLECULE
THAT IS NOT A POLYMER

MACROMOLECULE
THAT IS NOT A POLYMER

Made of this subunit Made of this subunit

Made of this subunit Made of this subunit

Made of this subunit Made of this subunit

DOUBLE STRANDED SINGLE STRANDED

Contains DEOXYRIBOSE Contains THYMINE

Contains RIBOSE Contains URACIL