CBC / Normal range / Increased level /

Decreased level

White cell count
(total ) / Adult 3-11 KU/L /
  • Pregnancy
  • Exercise
  • Leukaemia
  • Trauma
  • Infections
/
  • Early leukaemia
  • Bone marrow dis.
  • Drugs
  • Idiopathic

4-10x109/l *
Red cell count (RBC) / Male 4.5-6.5 M/UL
Female 3.8-5.8 M/UL /
  • Polycythaemia
  • Dehydration
  • Low O2 tension (smoking, high attitude)
/
  • Anaemia
  • Fluid overload
  • Bone marrow failure
  • Renal diseases

Male 4.2-6.1X1012/l* Female 4.2-5.4X1012/1
Hemoglobin / Male 13.0 –17.0 g/dl
Female 11.5-16.5 g/dl
Newborn 13.5-19.5 g/dl /
  • Polycythaemia
  • Myeloproliferative disease
/
  • Anaemia
  • Blood loss
  • Dehydration
  • Renal diseases
  • Cong. heart dis.

Hematocrit
Packed Cell Volume / Adult 37-47 % /
  • Polycythaemia
  • DehydrationDiarrhea
  • Burn
  • Low O2 tension ( smoking , high attitude )
  • Congestive heart diseases
/
  • Anaemia

Male 40-54 % *
Female 37-47 %
Newborn 49-54 %
Children 35-49 %
Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
MCV = PCV/ RBC / Adult 76-96 FL /
  • Macrocytosis in vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
  • Liver disease
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Myelodysplasia
  • Myeloproliferative dis.
  • Aplastic anaemia
  • Cytotoxic agents
/
  • Microcytosis in iron deficiency
  • Thalassaemia
  • Chronic disease.

78-99 fl *
Mean Cell Haemoglobin
MCH = Hb/ RBC / Adult 27-32 PG
Child 23-30 PG /
  • Pernicious anaemia
/
  • Iron deficiency
  • Thalassemia
  • Sideroblastic anaemia

Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration
MCHC = Hb/ PCV / 32-36 g/dl / ______/
  • Thalassaemia
  • Sideroblastic anaemia

Platelets / (150-450) K/uL /
  • Thrombocytosis in bleeding
  • Myeloproliferative dis.
  • Chronic inflammatory states
/
  • Thromboctopenia related to leukaemia
  • Infections
  • Idiopathic
  • Autoimmune
  • Drugs
  • HIV

150-400x 109/l*

BY DR. KHALID AL-JOHANI

DIFFRENTIAL & ABSOLUTE NO. /

Normal range

/ Increased level /

Decreased level

Neutrophils / Birth – 15 y 37-80%
Adult >15 y 40-75 % /
  • Pregnancy
  • Exercise
  • Leukemia
  • Trauma
  • Infections
  • Bleeding
  • Malignancy
  • Leukemia.
/
  • Infection
  • Drugs
  • Bone marrow disease
  • Idiopathic

1month-12 y 1-8.5
Adult >12 y 2-7.5
Lymphocytes / Birth – 15 y 10-15%
Adult >15 y 20-45 % /
  • Physiological
  • Leukaemia
/
  • Infection
  • Immune defects ( eg. HIV, AIDS ) .

6months-2y 4-10.5 K/uL
2y-6y 2- 8 K/uL
6y-12y 1.5-6.8K/uL
Adult.12y 1.5-4 K/uL
Monocytes / Birth – 15y 0-12%
Adult >15 y 215y 0.3-1.5 K/uL Adult >-10 % / ______/ ______
Birth –15 y 0.2-0.8 K/uL
Eosinophils / Birth - 15 y 1-6% Adult >15 y 0-7 % /
  • Allergic disease
  • Parasitic infestations
  • Skin disease
  • Lymphoma
/
  • Some immune defects

Birth – 15y 0.2-0.8 K/uL
Adult >15 y 0.04-0.4 K/uL
Basophils / Birth - 15 y 0-1%
Adult >15 y 0-2 % / ______/ ______
0.0-0.1 K/uL
Erythrocyte
Sedimentation Rate (ESR) / Male 1-15
Female 1-20 /
  • Pregnacny
  • Infections
  • Anaemia
  • Inflammation
  • Connective tissue dis.
  • Temporal arterities
  • Trauma
  • Infarction
  • Tumours
/ ______
0-15 mm/hour

CHEMISTRY

/ Normal range / Increased level / Decreased level
Aspartate transaminase AST
(SGOT) / 0 - 38 u/l /
  • Liver & biliary diseases
  • MI,
  • Trauma
  • Drugs
/ ______
3-40 iu/l *
Alanine transaminase ALT
(SGPT) / 4 – 41 u/l /
  • Liver diseases
  • Infectious mononucleosis
/ ______
3-60 iu/l*
Alkaline phosphatase / 30-110 iu/l /
  • Pregnancy
  • Puberty
  • Paget’sdisease
  • Osteomalacia
  • Fibrous dysplasia
  • Bone malignancy
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Hyperphosphatasia
/
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hypophosphatasia
  • Malnutrition

Calcium ( corrected ) / 2.15 – 2.6 mmol/l /
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Bone malignancy
/
  • Hypoparathyroidism
  • Rickets
  • Nephrotic syndrom

Creatinine / 44 – 120 umol/l /
  • Renal failure
/
  • Pregnancy

0.06-0.11mmol/l *
Glucose / 3 – 6.5 mmol/l * /
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Cushing’s disease
  • Liver disease
  • Head injury
/
  • Hypoglycaemic drugs
  • Addison’s disease

80-120 mg/dl *
Vitamin B 12 / 150-800 ng/l * /
  • Liver disease
  • Leukaemia
/
  • Pernicious anaemia
  • Gastrectomy
  • Crohn’s disease

COAGULATION / Normal range / Increased level / Decreased level
Platelet / 150-450 K/UL /
  • Thrombocytosis in bleeding
  • Myeloproliferative dis.
  • Chronic inflammatory states
/
  • Thromboctopenia related to leukaemia
  • Infections
  • Idiopathic
  • Autoimmune
  • Drugs
  • HIV

Bleeding time / 2.5-9.5 minutes /
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Von Willebrand’s dis.
  • Prolong asprine intake.
/ ______
Prothrombin Time
PT
Measures extrinsic
common pathways / 11-14 Seconds /
  • Deficiencies of factors I,II,VI,VII & X
  • Anticoagulant therapy
  • Liver disease.
/ ______
Internationa Normalized Ratio
INR =
(PT/PT control)ISI
ISI=international sensitivity index / < 1.5 /
  • Deficiencies of factors I,II,VI,VII & X
  • Anticoagulant therapy
  • Liver disease.
/ ______
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
aPTT
Measures intrinsic
common pathways / 27-38 Seconds /
  • Deficiencies of factors
VIII,X,XI
  • Heparin therapy
/ ______

BY DR. KHALID AL-JOHANI