LOCUS HUMMTCG-RCRS 16569 bp ds-DNA Circular PRI 26-Jan-2005
DEFINITION Human mitochondrion, complete genome.
ACCESSION Human mtDNA Revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS),
from
This sequence is a modified version of the 2001 rCRS
(GenBank #NC_001807.3 gi:13959823, a derivation of #J01415.0 gi:337188)
The sequence is actually 16568 bp but historical numbering (1-16569) is
maintained. See COMMENTS.
KEYWORDS rCRS; 12S ribosomal RNA; 16S ribosomal RNA; ATPase; circular;
complete genome; cytochrome; cytochrome oxidase; displacement loop;
oxidase; ribosomal RNA; transfer RNA; transfer RNA-Ala;
transfer RNA-Arg; transfer RNA-Asn; transfer RNA-Asp;
transfer RNA-Cys; transfer RNA-Gln; transfer RNA-Glu;
transfer RNA-Gly; transfer RNA-His; transfer RNA-Ile;
transfer RNA-Leu; transfer RNA-Lys; transfer RNA-Met;
transfer RNA-Phe; transfer RNA-Pro; transfer RNA-Ser;
transfer RNA-Thr; transfer RNA-Trp; transfer RNA-Tyr;
transfer RNA-Val; unidentified reading frame.
SOURCE Human placenta mitochondrial DNA
ORGANISM Mitochondrion Homo sapiens
Eukaryota; Animalia; Chordata; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Theria;
Eutheria; Primates; Haplorhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 105 to 323)
AUTHORS Crews,S., Ojala,D., Posakony,J., Nishiguchi,J. and Attardi,G.
TITLE Nucleotide sequence of a region of human mitochondrial DNA
containing the precisely identified origin of replication
JOURNAL Nature 277 (5693), 192-198 (1979)
MEDLINE 81012010
REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 16569)
AUTHORS Anderson,S., Bankier,A.T., Barrell,B.G., de Bruijn,M.H.L.,
Coulson,A.R., Drouin,J., Eperon,I.C., Nierlich,D.P., Roe,B.A.,
Sanger,F., Schreier,P.H., Smith,A.J.H., Staden,R. and Young,I.G.
TITLE Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome
JOURNAL Nature 290 (5806), 457-465 (1981)
MEDLINE 81173052
REFERENCE 3 (bases 1 to 16569)
AUTHORS Montoya,J., Ojala,D. and Attardi,G.
TITLE Distinctive features of the 5'-terminal sequences of the human
mitochondrial mRNAs
JOURNAL Nature 290 (5806), 465-470 (1981)
MEDLINE 81173053
REFERENCE 4 (bases 16015 to 16214)
AUTHORS Doda,J.N., Wright,C.T. and Clayton,D.A.
TITLE Elongation of displacement-loop strands in human and mouse
mitochondrial DNA is arrested near specific template sequences
JOURNAL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78 (10), 6116-6120 (1981)
MEDLINE 82082408
REFERENCE 5 (bases 324 to 743)
AUTHORS Bogenhagen,D.F., Applegate,E.F. and Yoza,B.K.
TITLE Identification of a promoter for transcription of the heavy strand
of human mtDNA: in vitro transcription and deletion mutagenesis
JOURNAL Cell 36 (4), 1105-1113 (1984)
MEDLINE 84156530
REFERENCE 6 (bases 15888 to 15954)
AUTHORS Mita,S., Monnat,R.J. Jr. and Loeb,L.A.
TITLE Direct selection of mutations in the human mitochondrial tRNAThr
gene: reversion of an 'uncloneable' phenotype
JOURNAL Mutat. Res. 199 (1), 183-190 (1988)
MEDLINE 88202005
REFERENCE 7 (sites)
AUTHORS Moraes,C.T., Andreetta,F., Bonilla,E., Shanske,S., DiMauro,S. and
Schon,E.A.
TITLE Replication-competent human mitochondrial DNA lacking the
heavy-strand promoter region
JOURNAL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (3), 1631-1637 (1991)
MEDLINE 91141513
REFERENCE 8 (bases 1 to 16569)
AUTHORS Andrews,R.M., Kubacka,I., Chinnery,P.F., Lightowlers,R.N.,
Turnbull,D.M. and Howell,N.
TITLE Reanalysis and revision of the Cambridge reference sequence for
human mitochondrial DNA
JOURNAL Nat. Genet. 23 (2), 147 (1999)
MEDLINE 99438386
PUBMED 10508508
COMMENTS
This sequence is a modified version of the 2001 Revised CRS (rCRS)
(GenBank #NC_001807.3 gi:13959823, a derivation of #J01415.0 gi:337188).
Corrections have been made and annotated per the reanalysis[Reference 8].
A summary table of the reanalysis data is available online at
There are two differences between the sequence below and GenBank gi:13959823:
*HISTORICAL NUCLEOTIDE NUMBERS ARE MAINTAINED by indicating 3107del as "X".
*The rare polymorphism 750A is retained, as published in both the original 1981
Anderson paper [Reference 2] and the recent reanalysis of Andrews et al
[Reference 8].
This Revised Cambridge Reference Sequence has eighteen specific corrections or
confirmations of the orginal 1991 Cambridge Sequence:
Seven nucleotides are rare polymorphisms: 263A, 311C-315C, 750A, 1438A,
4769A, 8860A, and 15326A.
Eleven nucleotides are error corrections: 3107del, 3423T, 4985A, 9559C, 11335C,
13702C, 14199T, 14272C, 14365C, 14368C, and 14766C. These 11 errors in the
original Cambridge sequence were determined to be either outright sequencing
errors (8 instances) or due to the presence of bovine DNA (2 instances) or HeLa
DNA (1 instance) mixed in with the original human placental DNA.[Reference 8].
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
source 1..16569
/organism="Homo sapiens"
/organelle="mitochondrion"
/mol_type="genomic DNA"
/db_xref="taxon:9606"
/tissue_type="placenta"
/isolate="from Caucasian (Great Britain) individual"
D-loop complement(join(16104..16569,1..191))
/note="origin H-strand replication (D-loop)"
/citation=[4]
rep_origin 1..191
misc_signal 531..568
/note="H-strand transcription promoter"
/citation=[5]
tRNA 577..647
/product="tRNA-Phe"
/gene="TRNF"
/note="codon recognized: UUC; NAR: 1455"
/anticodon=(pos:611..613,aa:Phe)
/db_xref="GeneID:4558"
/db_xref="LocusID:4558"
gene 577..647
/gene="TRNF"
/note="synonym: MTTF"
/db_xref="GeneID:4558"
/db_xref="LocusID:4558"
rRNA 648..1601
/gene="RNR1"
/product="12S ribosomal RNA"
/db_xref="LocusID:4549"
/db_xref="GeneID:4549"
gene 648..1601
/gene="RNR1"
/note="synonym: MTRNR1"
/db_xref="GeneID:4549"
/db_xref="LocusID:4549"
tRNA 1602..1670
/gene="TRNV"
/product="tRNA-Val"
/note="codon recognized: GUA; NAR: 2053"
/anticodon=(pos:1633..1635,aa:Val)
/db_xref="LocusID:4577"
/db_xref="GeneID:4577"
gene 1602..1670
/gene="TRNV"
/note="synonym: MTTV"
/db_xref="GeneID:4577"
/db_xref="LocusID:4577"
rRNA 1671..3229
/product="16S ribosomal RNA"
/gene="RNR2"
/db_xref="GeneID:4550"
/db_xref="LocusID:4550"
gene 1671..3229
/gene="RNR2"
/note="synonym: MTRNR2"
/db_xref="GeneID:4550"
/db_xref="LocusID:4550"
tRNA 3230..3304
/gene="tRNA-Leu"
/product="tRNA-Leu"
/note="codon recognized: UUR; NAR: 1054"
/db_xref="GeneID:4567"
/db_xref="LocusID:4567"
gene 3230..3304
/gene="tRNA-Leu"
/note="synonym: MTTL1"
/db_xref="GeneID:4567"
/db_xref="LocusID:4567"
gene 3307..4263
/gene="ND1"
/note="synonym: MTND1"
/db_xref="GeneID:4535"
/db_xref="LocusID:4535"
CDS 3307..4263
/gene="ND1"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1"
/db_xref="GeneID:4535"
/db_xref="LocusID:4535"
/protein_id="AAB58943"
/db_xref="GI:337189"
/translation="MPMANLLLLIVPILIAMAFLMLTERKILGYMQLRKGPNVVGPYG
LLQPFADAMKLFTKEPLKPATSTITLYITAPTLALTIALLLWTPLPMPNPLVNLNLGL
LFILATSSLAVYSILWSGWASNSNYALIGALRAVAQTISYEVTLAIILLSTLLMSGSF
NLSTLITTQEHLWLLLPSWPLAMMWFISTLAETNRTPFDLAEGESELVSGFNIEYAAG
PFALFFMAEYTNIIMMNTLTTTIFLGTTYDALSPELYTTYFVTKTLLLTSLFLWIRTA
YPRFRYDQLMHLLWKNFLPLTLALLMWYVSMPITISSIPPQT"
tRNA 4263..4331
/product="tRNA-Ile"
/gene="TRNI"
/note="codon recognized: AUC; NAR: 0997"
/anticodon=(pos:4292..4294,aa:Ile)
gene 4263..4331
/gene="TRNI"
/note="synonym: MTTI"
/db_xref="GeneID:4565"
/db_xref="LocusID:4565"
tRNA complement(4329..4400)
/gene="TRNQ"
/product="tRNA-Gln"
/note="codon recognized: AUC; NAR: 0597"
/anticodon=(pos:complement(4362..4364),aa:Gln)
/db_xref="GeneID:4572"
/db_xref="LocusID:4572"
gene complement(4329..4400)
/gene="TRNQ"
/note="synonym: MTTQ"
/db_xref="GeneID:4572"
/db_xref="LocusID:4572"
tRNA 4402..4469
/gene="TRNM"
/product="tRNA-Met"
/note="codon recognized: AUG; NAR: 1297"
/anticodon=(pos:4432..4434,aa:Met)
/db_xref="GeneID:4569"
/db_xref="LocusID:4569"
gene 4402..4469
/gene="TRNM"
/note="synonym: MTTM"
/db_xref="GeneID:4569"
/db_xref="LocusID:4569"
CDS 4470..5511
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2"
/gene="ND2"
/protein_id="AAB58944"
/db_xref="GI:2052363"
/db_xref="GeneID:4536"
/db_xref="LocusID:4536"
/note="pos:4470..4472, na:AUU aa:Met"
/translation="MNPLAQPVIYSTIFAGTLITALSSHWFFTWVGLEMNMLAFIPVL
TKKMNPRSTEAAIKYFLTQATASMILLMAILFNNMLSGQWTMTNTTNQYSSLMIMMAM
AMKLGMAPFHFWVPEVTQGTPLTSGLLLLTWQKLAPISIMYQISPSLNVSLLLTLSIL
SIMAGSWGGLNQTQLRKILAYSSITHMGWMMAVLPYNPNMTILNLTIYIILTTTAFLL
LNLNSSTTTLLLSRTWNKLTWLTPLIPSTLLSLGGLPPLTGFLPKWAIIEEFTKNNSL
IIPTIMATITLLNLYFYLRLIYSTSITLLPMSNNVKMKWQFEHTKPTPFLPTLIALTT
LLLPISPFMLMIL"
gene 4470..5511
/gene="ND2"
/note="synonym: MTND2"
/db_xref="GeneID:4536"
/db_xref="LocusID:4536"
tRNA 5512..5579
/gene="TRNW"
/product="tRNA-Trp"
/note="codon recognized: UGA; NAR: 1897"
/anticodon=(pos:5544..5546,aa:Trp)
/db_xref="GeneID:4578"
/db_xref="LocusID:4578"
gene 5512..5579
/gene="TRNW"
/note="synonym: MTTW"
/db_xref="GeneID:4578"
/db_xref="LocusID:4578"
tRNA complement(5587..5655)
/product="tRNA-Ala"
/gene="TRNA"
/product="tRNA-Ala"
/db_xref="GeneID:4553"
/db_xref="LocusID:4553"
/note="codon recognized: CUG; NAR: 0097"
/anticodon=(pos:complement(5617..5619),aa:Ala)
gene complement(5587..5655)
/gene="TRNA"
/note="synonym: MTTA"
/db_xref="GeneID:4553"
/db_xref="LocusID:4553"
tRNA complement(5657..5729)
/product="tRNA-Asn"
/gene="TRNN"
/product="tRNA-Asn"
/db_xref="GeneID:4570"
/db_xref="LocusID:4570"
/note="codon recognized: AGU; NAR: 0297"
/anticodon=(pos:complement(5690..5692),aa:Asn)
gene complement(5657..5729)
/gene="TRNN"
/note="synonym: MTTN"
/db_xref="GeneID:4570"
/db_xref="LocusID:4570"
rep_origin 5741..5752
/note="(contains) origin L-strand replication"
tRNA complement(5761..5826)
/gene="TRNC"
/product="tRNA-Cys"
/db_xref="GeneID:4511"
/db_xref="LocusID:4511"
/note="codon recognized: UCG; NAR: 0497"
/anticodon=(pos:complement(5789..5791),aa:Cys)
gene complement(5761..5826)
/gene="TRNC"
/note="synonym: MTTC"
/db_xref="GeneID:4511"
/db_xref="LocusID:4511"
tRNA complement(5826..5891)
/gene="TRNY"
/product="tRNA-Tyr"
/db_xref="GeneID:4579"
/db_xref="LocusID:4579"
/product="tRNA-Tyr"
/note="codon recognized: AGA; NAR: 1997"
/anticodon=(pos:complement(5855..5857),aa:Tyr)
gene complement(5826..5891)
/gene="TRNY"
/note="synonym: MTTY"
/db_xref="GeneID:4579"
/db_xref="LocusID:4579"
CDS 5904..7445
/gene="COX1"
/product="cytochrome c oxidase 2"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/protein_id="AAB58945"
/db_xref="GI:506829"
/db_xref="GeneID:4512"
/db_xref="LocusID:4512"
/translation="MFADRWLFSTNHKDIGTLYLLFGAWAGVLGTALSLLIRAELGQP
GNLLGNDHIYNVIVTAHAFVMIFFMVMPIMIGGFGNWLVPLMIGAPDMAFPRMNNMSF
WLLPPSLLLLLASAMVEAGAGTGWTVYPPLAGNYSHPGASVDLTIFSLHLAGVSSILG
AINFITTIINMKPPAMTQYQTPLFVWSVLITAVLLLLSLPVLAAGITMLLTDRNLNTT
FFDPAGGGDPILYQHLFWFFGHPEVYILILPGFGMISHIVTYYSGKKEPFGYMGMVWA
MMSIGFLGFIVWAHHMFTVGMDVDTRAYFTSATMIIAIPTGVKVFSWLATLHGSNMKW
SAAVLWALGFIFLFTVGGLTGIVLANSSLDIVLHDTYYVVAHFHYVLSMGAVFAIMGG
FIHWFPLFSGYTLDQTYAKIHFTIMFIGVNLTFFPQHFLGLSGMPRRYSDYPDAYTTW
NILSSVGSFISLTAVMLMIFMIWEAFASKRKVLMVEEPSMNLEWLYGCPPPYHTFEEP
VYMKS"
gene 5904..7445
/gene="COX1"
/note="synonym: MTCO1"
/db_xref="GeneID:4512"
/db_xref="LocusID:4512"
tRNA complement(7445..7516)
/gene="TRNS1"
/product="tRNA-Ser"
/note="codon recognized: UGG; NAR: 1697"
/anticodon=(pos:complement(7477..7479),aa:Ser)
/db_xref="GeneID:4574"
/db_xref="LocusID:4574"
gene complement(7445..7516)
/gene="TRNS1"
/note="synonym: MTTS1"
/db_xref="GeneID:4574"
/db_xref="LocusID:4574"
tRNA 7518..7585
/gene="TRND"
/product="tRNA-Asp"
/db_xref="GeneID:4555"
/db_xref="LocusID:4555"
/note="codon recognized: GAC; NAR: 0397"
/anticodon=(pos:7548..7550,aa:Asp)
gene 7518..7585
/gene="TRND"
/note="synonym: MTTD"
/db_xref="GeneID:4555"
/db_xref="LocusID:4555"
CDS 7586..8269
/gene="COX2"
/product="cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/protein_id="AAB58946"
/db_xref="GI:337192"
/db_xref="GeneID:4513"
/db_xref="LocusID:4513"
/translation="MAHAAQVGLQDATSPIMEELITFHDHALMIIFLICFLVLYALFL
TLTTKLTNTNISDAQEMETVWTILPAIILVLIALPSLRILYMTDEVNDPSLTIKSIGH
QWYWTYEYTDYGGLIFNSYMLPPLFLEPGDLRLLDVDNRVVLPIEAPIRMMITSQDVL
HSWAVPTLGLKTDAIPGRLNQTTFTATRPGVYYGQCSEICGANHSFMPIVLELIPLKI
FEMGPVFTL"
gene 7586..8269
/gene="COX2"
/note="synonym: MTCO2"
/db_xref="GeneID:4513"
/db_xref="LocusID:4513"
tRNA 8295..8364
/gene="TRNK"
/product="tRNA-Lys"
/db_xref="GeneID:4566"
/db_xref="LocusID:4566"
/note="codon recognized: AAA; NAR: 1197"
/anticodon=(pos:8323..8325,aa:Lys)
gene 8295..8364
/gene="TRNK"
/note="synonym: MTTK"
/db_xref="GeneID:4566"
/db_xref="LocusID:4566"
CDS 8366..8572
/gene="ATP8"
/note="ATP synthase 8"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="ATPase 8"
/protein_id="AAB58947"
/db_xref="GI:337193"
/db_xref="GeneID:4509"
/db_xref="LocusID:4509"
/translation="MPQLNTTVWPTMITPMLLTLFLITQLKMLNTNYHLPPSPKPMKM
KNYNKPWEPKWTKICSLHSLPPQS"
gene 8366..8572
/gene="ATP8"
/note="synonym: MTATP8"
/db_xref="GeneID:4509"
/db_xref="LocusID:4509"
CDS 8527..9207
/gene="ATP6"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="ATPase 6"
/protein_id="AAB58948.1"
/db_xref="GI:2052364"
/db_xref="GeneID:4508"
/db_xref="LocusID:4508"
/translation="MNENLFASFIAPTILGLPAAVLIILFPPLLIPTSKYLINNRLIT
TQQWLIKLTSKQMMTMHNTKGRTWSLMLVSLIIFIATTNLLGLLPHSFTPTTQLSMNL
AMAIPLWAGTVIMGFRSKIKNALAHFLPQGTPTPLIPMLVIIETISLLIQPMALAVRL
TANITAGHLLMHLIGSATLAMSTINLPSTLIIFTILILLTILEIAVALIQAYVFTLLV
SLYLHDNT"
gene 8527..9207
/gene="ATP6"
/note="synonym: MTATP6"
/db_xref="GeneID:4508"
/db_xref="LocusID:4508"
CDS 9207..9990
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3"
/protein_id="AAB58949"
/db_xref="GI:2052365"
/gene="COX3"
/note="cytochrome c oxidase 3; TAA stop codon is
completed by the addition of 3' A residues to the mRNA"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/db_xref="GeneID:4514"
/db_xref="LocusID:4514"
/translation="MTHQSHAYHMVKPSPWPLTGALSALLMTSGLAMWFHFHSMTLLM
LGLLTNTLTMYQWWRDVTRESTYQGHHTPPVQKGLRYGMILFITSEVFFFAGFFWAFY
HSSLAPTPQLGGHWPRTGITPLNPLEVPLLNTSVLLASGVSITWAHHSLMENNRNQMI
QALLITILLGLYFTLLQASEYFESPFTISDGIYGSTFFVATGFHGLHVIIGSTFLTIC
FIRQLMFHFTSKHHFGFEAAAWYWHFVDVVWLFLYVSIYWWG"
gene 9207..9990
/gene="COX3"
/note="synonym: MTCO3"
/db_xref="GeneID:4514"
/db_xref="LocusID:4514"
tRNA 9991..10058
/gene="TRNG"
/product="tRNA-Gly"
/note="codon recognized: GGA; NAR: 0797"
/anticodon=(pos:10021..10023,aa:Gly)
/db_xref="GeneID:4563"
/db_xref="LocusID:4563"
gene 9991..10058
/gene="TRNG"
/note="synonym: MTTG"
/db_xref="GeneID:4563"
/db_xref="LocusID:4563"
CDS 10059..10404
/gene="ND3"
/note="TAA stop codon is completed by the addition of 3' A
residues to the mRNA"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3"
/protein_id="AAB58950"
/db_xref="GI:506832"
/db_xref="GeneID:4537"
/db_xref="LocusID:4537"
/translation="MNFALILMINTLLALLLMIITFWLPQLNGYMEKSTPYECGFDPM
SPARVPFSMKFFLVAITFLLFDLEIALLLPLPWALQTTNLPLMVMSSLLLIIILALSL
AYEWLQKGLDWTE"
gene 10059..10404
/gene="ND3"
/note="synonym: MTND3"
/db_xref="GeneID:4537"
/db_xref="LocusID:4537"
tRNA 10405..10469
/gene="TRNR"
/product="tRNA-Arg"
/note="codon recognized: CGA; NAR: 0197"
/anticodon=(pos:10435..10437,aa:Arg)
/db_xref="GeneID:4573"
/db_xref="LocusID:4573"
gene 10405..10469
/gene="TRNR"
/note="synonym: MTTR"
/db_xref="GeneID:4573"
/db_xref="LocusID:4573"
CDS 10470..10766
/gene="ND4L"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L"
/protein_id="AAB58951"
/db_xref="GI:337197"
/db_xref="GeneID:4539"
/db_xref="LocusID:4539"
/translation="MPLIYMNIMLAFTISLLGMLVYRSHLMSSLLCLEGMMLSLFIMA
TLMTLNTHSLLANIVPIAMLVFAACEAAVGLALLVSISNTYGLDYVHNLNLLQC"
gene 10470..10766
/gene="ND4L"
/note="synonym: MTND4L"
/db_xref="GeneID:4539"
/db_xref="LocusID:4539"
CDS 10760..12137
/gene="ND4"
/note="TAA stop codon is completed by the addition of 3' A
residues to the mRNA"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4"
/protein_id="AAB58952"
/db_xref="GI:506833"
/db_xref="GeneID:4538"
/db_xref="LocusID:4538"
/translation="MLKLIVPTIMLLPLTWLSKKHMIWINTTTHSLIISIIPLLFFNQ
INNNLFSCSPTFSSDPLTTPLLMLTTWLLPLTIMASQRHLSSEPLSRKKLYLSMLISL
QISLIMTFTATELIMFYIFFETTLIPTLAIITRWGNQPERLNAGTYFLFYTLVGSLPL
LIALIYTHNTLGSLNILLLTLTAQELSNSWANNLMWLAYTMAFMVKMPLYGLHLWLPK
AHVEAPIAGSMVLAAVLLKLGGYGMMRLTLILNPLTKHMAYPFLVLSLWGMIMTSSIC
LRQTDLKSLIAYSSISHMALVVTAILIQTPWSFTGAVILMIAHGLTSSLLFCLANSNY
ERTHSRIMILSQGLQTLLPLMAFWWLLASLANLALPPTINLLGELSVLVTTFSWSNIT
LLLTGLNMLVTALYSLYMFTTTQWGSLTHHINNMKPSFTRENTLMFMHLSPILLLSLN
PDIITGFSS"
gene 10760..12137
/gene="ND4"
/note="synonym: MTND4"
/db_xref="GeneID:4538"
/db_xref="LocusID:4538"
tRNA 12138..12206
/gene="TRNH"
/product="tRNA-His"
/db_xref="GeneID:4564"
/db_xref="LocusID:4564"
/note="codon recognized: CAC; NAR: 0897"
/anticodon=(pos:12168..12170,aa:His)
gene 12138..12206
/gene="TRNH"
/note="synonym: MTTH"
/db_xref="GeneID:4564"
/db_xref="LocusID:4564"
tRNA 12207..12265
/gene="TRNS2"
/product="tRNA-Ser"
/note="codon recognized: AGC; NAR: 1656"
/anticodon=(pos:12226..12228,aa:Ser)
/db_xref="GeneID:4575"
/db_xref="LocusID:4575"
gene 12207..12265
/gene="TRNS2"
/note="synonym: MTTS2"
/db_xref="GeneID:4575"
/db_xref="LocusID:4575"
tRNA 12266..12336
/gene="TRNL2"
/product="tRNA-Leu"
/note="codon recognized: CUA; NAR: 1097"
/anticodon=(pos:12298..12300,aa:Leu)
/db_xref="GeneID:4568"
/db_xref="LocusID:4568"
gene 12266..12336
/gene="TRNL2"
/note="synonym: MTTL2"
/db_xref="GeneID:4568"
/db_xref="LocusID:4568"
CDS 12337..14148
/gene="ND5"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5"
/protein_id="AAB58953.1"
/db_xref="GI:337199"
/db_xref="GeneID:4540"
/db_xref="LocusID:4540"
/translation="MTMHTTMTTLTLTSLIPPILTTLVNPNKKNSYPHYVKSIVASTF
IISLFPTTMFMCLDQEVIISNWHWATTQTTQLSLSFKLDYFSMMFIPVALFVTWSIME
FSLWYMNSDPNINQFFKYLLIFLITMLILVTANNLFQLFIGWEGVGIMSFLLISWWYA
RADANTAAIQAILYNRIGDIGFILALAWFILHSNSWDPQQMALLNANPSLTPLLGLLL
AAAGKSAQLGLHPWLPSAMEGPTPVSALLHSSTMVVAGIFLLIRFHPLAENSPLIQTL
TLCLGAITTLFAAVCALTQNDIKKIVAFSTSSQLGLMMVTIGINQPHLAFLHICTHAF
FKAMLFMCSGSIIHNLNNEQDIRKMGGLLKTMPLTSTSLTIGSLALAGMPFLTGFYSK
DHIIETANMSYTNAWALSITLIATSLTSAYSTRMILLTLTGQPRFPTLTNINENNPTL
LNPIKGLAAGSLFAGFLITNNISPASPFQTTIPLYLKLTALAVTFLGLLTALDLNYLT
NKLKMKSPLCTFYFSNMLGFYPSITHRTIPYLGLLTSQNLPLLLLDLTWLEKLLPKTI
SQHQISTSIITSTQKGMIKLYFLSFFFPLILTLLLIT"
gene 12337..14148
/gene="ND5"
/note="synonym: MTND5"
/db_xref="GeneID:4540"
/db_xref="LocusID:4540"
CDS complement(14149..14673)
/gene="ND6"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6"
/protein_id="AAB58954.1"
/db_xref="GI:2052367"
/db_xref="GeneID:4541"
/db_xref="LocusID:4541"
/translation="MMYALFLLSVGLVMGFVGFSSKPSPIYGGLVLIVSGVVGCVIIL
NFGGGYMGLMVFLIYLGGMMVVFGYTTAMAIEEYPEAWGSGVEVLVSVLVGLAMEVGF
VLWVKEYDGVVVVVNFNSVGSWMIYEGEGSGFIREDPIGAGALYDYGRWLVVVTGWPL
FVGVYIVIEIARGN"
gene complement(14149..14673)
/gene="ND6"
/note="synonym: MTND6"
/db_xref="GeneID:4541"
/db_xref="LocusID:4541"
tRNA complement(14674..14742)
/product="tRNA-Glu"
/gene="TRNE"
/note="codon recognized: UGA; NAR: 0697"
/anticodon=(pos:complement(14704..14706),aa:Glu)
/db_xref="GeneID:4556"
/db_xref="LocusID:4556"
gene complement(14674..14742)
/gene="TRNE"
/note="synonym: MTTE"
/db_xref="GeneID:4556"
/db_xref="LocusID:4556"
CDS 14747..15887
/gene="CYTB"
/note="TAA stop codon is completed by the addition of 3' A
residues to the mRNA"
/codon_start=1
/transl_table=2
/product="cytochrome b"
/protein_id="AAB58955"
/db_xref="GI:506835"
/db_xref="GeneID:4519"
/db_xref="LocusID:4519"
/translation="MTPMRKINPLMKLINHSFIDLPTPSNISAWWNFGSLLGACLILQ
ITTGLFLAMHYSPDASTAFSSIAHITRDVNYGWIIRYLHANGASMFFICLFLHIGRGL
YYGSFLYSETWNIGIILLLATMATAFMGYVLPWGQMSFWGATVITNLLSAIPYIGTDL
VQWIWGGYSVDSPTLTRFFTFHFILPFIIAALATLHLLFLHETGSNNPLGITSHSDKI
TFHPYYTIKDALGLLLFLLSLMTLTLFSPDLLGDPDNYTLANPLNTPPHIKPEWYFLF
AYTILRSVPNKLGGVLALLLSILILAMIPILHMSKQQSMMFRPLSQSLYWLLAADLLI
LTWIGGQPVSYPFTIIGQVASVLYFTTILILMPTISLIENKMLKWA"
gene 14747..15887
/gene="CYTB"
/note="synonym: MTCYB"
/db_xref="GeneID:4519"
/db_xref="LocusID:4519"
tRNA 15888..15953
/gene="TRNT"
/product="tRNA-Thr"
/note="codon recognized: ACA; NAR: 1797"
/anticodon=(pos:15919..15921,aa:Thr)
/db_xref="GeneID:4576"
/db_xref="LocusID:4576"
gene 15888..15953
/gene="TRNT"
/note="synonym: MTTT"
/db_xref="GeneID:4576"
/db_xref="LocusID:4576"
tRNA complement(15955..16023)
/gene="TRNP"
/product="tRNA-Pro"
/note="codon recognized: GCA; NAR: 1597"
/anticodon=(pos:complement(15986..15988),aa:Pro)
/db_xref="GeneID:4571"
/db_xref="LocusID:4571"
gene complement(15955..16023)
/gene="TRNP"
/note="synonym: MTTP"
/db_xref="GeneID:4571"
/db_xref="LocusID:4571"
rep_origin 16104..16569
misc_signal 16157..16172
/note="D-loop termination signal"
BASE COUNT (16568 total): 5124 a 5181 c 2169 g 4094 t
ORIGIN
1 gatcacaggt ctatcaccct attaaccact cacgggagct ctccatgcat ttggtatttt
61 cgtctggggg gtatgcacgc gatagcattg cgagacgctg gagccggagc accctatgtc
121 gcagtatctg tctttgattc ctgcctcatc ctattattta tcgcacctac gttcaatatt
181 acaggcgaac atacttacta aagtgtgtta attaattaat gcttgtagga cataataata
241 acaattgaat gtctgcacag ccActttcca cacagacatc ataacaaaaa atttccacca
301 aaccccccct CCCCCgcttc tggccacagc
acttaaacac atctctgcca aaccccaaaa
361 acaaagaacc ctaacaccag cctaaccaga tttcaaattt tatcttttgg cggtatgcac
421 ttttaacagt caccccccaa ctaacacatt attttcccct cccactccca tactactaat
481 ctcatcaata caacccccgc ccatcctacc cagcacacac acaccgctgc taaccccata
541 ccccgaacca accaaacccc aaagacaccc cccacagttt atgtagctta cctcctcaaa
601 gcaatacact gaaaatgttt agacgggctc acatcacccc ataaacaaat aggtttggtc
661 ctagcctttc tattagctct tagtaagatt acacatgcaa gcatccccgt tccagtgagt
721 tcaccctcta aatcaccacg atcaaaaggA acaagcatca agcacgcagc aatgcagctc
781 aaaacgctta gcctagccac acccccacgg gaaacagcag tgattaacct ttagcaataa
841 acgaaagttt aactaagcta tactaacccc agggttggtc aatttcgtgc cagccaccgc
901 ggtcacacga ttaacccaag tcaatagaag ccggcgtaaa gagtgtttta gatcaccccc
961 tccccaataa agctaaaact cacctgagtt gtaaaaaact ccagttgaca caaaatagac
1021 tacgaaagtg gctttaacat atctgaacac acaatagcta agacccaaac tgggattaga
1081 taccccacta tgcttagccc taaacctcaa cagttaaatc aacaaaactg ctcgccagaa
1141 cactacgagc cacagcttaa aactcaaagg acctggcggt gcttcatatc cctctagagg
1201 agcctgttct gtaatcgata aaccccgatc aacctcacca cctcttgctc agcctatata
1261 ccgccatctt cagcaaaccc tgatgaaggc tacaaagtaa gcgcaagtac ccacgtaaag
1321 acgttaggtc aaggtgtagc ccatgaggtg gcaagaaatg ggctacattt tctaccccag
1381 aaaactacga tagcccttat gaaacttaag ggtcgaaggt ggatttagca gtaaactAag
1441 agtagagtgc ttagttgaac agggccctga agcgcgtaca caccgcccgt caccctcctc
1501 aagtatactt caaaggacat ttaactaaaa cccctacgca tttatataga ggagacaagt
1561 cgtaacatgg taagtgtact ggaaagtgca cttggacgaa ccagagtgta gcttaacaca
1621 aagcacccaa cttacactta ggagatttca acttaacttg accgctctga gctaaaccta
1681 gccccaaacc cactccacct tactaccaga caaccttagc caaaccattt acccaaataa
1741 agtataggcg atagaaattg aaacctggcg caatagatat agtaccgcaa gggaaagatg
1801 aaaaattata accaagcata atatagcaag gactaacccc tataccttct gcataatgaa
1861 ttaactagaa ataactttgc aaggagagcc aaagctaaga cccccgaaac cagacgagct
1921 acctaagaac agctaaaaga gcacacccgt ctatgtagca aaatagtggg aagatttata
1981 ggtagaggcg acaaacctac cgagcctggt gatagctggt tgtccaagat agaatcttag
2041 ttcaacttta aatttgccca cagaaccctc taaatcccct tgtaaattta actgttagtc
2101 caaagaggaa cagctctttg gacactagga aaaaaccttg tagagagagt aaaaaattta
2161 acacccatag taggcctaaa agcagccacc aattaagaaa gcgttcaagc tcaacaccca
2221 ctacctaaaa aatcccaaac atataactga actcctcaca cccaattgga ccaatctatc
2281 accctataga agaactaatg ttagtataag taacatgaaa acattctcct ccgcataagc
2341 ctgcgtcaga ttaaaacact gaactgacaa ttaacagccc aatatctaca atcaaccaac
2401 aagtcattat taccctcact gtcaacccaa cacaggcatg ctcataagga aaggttaaaa
2461 aaagtaaaag gaactcggca aatcttaccc cgcctgttta ccaaaaacat cacctctagc
2521 atcaccagta ttagaggcac cgcctgccca gtgacacatg tttaacggcc gcggtaccct
2581 aaccgtgcaa aggtagcata atcacttgtt ccttaaatag ggacctgtat gaatggctcc
2641 acgagggttc agctgtctct tacttttaac cagtgaaatt gacctgcccg tgaagaggcg
2701 ggcataacac agcaagacga gaagacccta tggagcttta atttattaat gcaaacagta
2761 cctaacaaac ccacaggtcc taaactacca aacctgcatt aaaaatttcg gttggggcga
2821 cctcggagca gaacccaacc tccgagcagt acatgctaag acttcaccag tcaaagcgaa
2881 ctactatact caattgatcc aataacttga ccaacggaac aagttaccct agggataaca
2941 gcgcaatcct attctagagt ccatatcaac aatagggttt acgacctcga tgttggatca
3001 ggacatcccg atggtgcagc cgctattaaa ggttcgtttg ttcaacgatt aaagtcctac
3061 gtgatctgag ttcagaccgg agtaatccag gtcggtttct atctacXttc aaattcctcc
3121 ctgtacgaaa ggacaagaga aataaggcct acttcacaaa gcgccttccc ccgtaaatga
3181 tatcatctca acttagtatt atacccacac ccacccaaga acagggtttg ttaagatggc
3241 agagcccggt aatcgcataa aacttaaaac tttacagtca gaggttcaat tcctcttctt
3301 aacaacatac ccatggccaa cctcctactc ctcattgtac ccattctaat cgcaatggca
3361 ttcctaatgc ttaccgaacg aaaaattcta ggctatatac aactacgcaa aggccccaac
3421 gtTgtaggcc cctacgggct actacaaccc ttcgctgacg ccataaaact cttcaccaaa
3481 gagcccctaa aacccgccac atctaccatc accctctaca tcaccgcccc gaccttagct
3541 ctcaccatcg ctcttctact atgaaccccc ctccccatac ccaaccccct ggtcaacctc
3601 aacctaggcc tcctatttat tctagccacc tctagcctag ccgtttactc aatcctctga
3661 tcagggtgag catcaaactc aaactacgcc ctgatcggcg cactgcgagc agtagcccaa
3721 acaatctcat atgaagtcac cctagccatc attctactat caacattact aataagtggc
3781 tcctttaacc tctccaccct tatcacaaca caagaacacc tctgattact cctgccatca
3841 tgacccttgg ccataatatg atttatctcc acactagcag agaccaaccg aacccccttc
3901 gaccttgccg aaggggagtc cgaactagtc tcaggcttca acatcgaata cgccgcaggc
3961 cccttcgccc tattcttcat agccgaatac acaaacatta ttataataaa caccctcacc
4021 actacaatct tcctaggaac aacatatgac gcactctccc ctgaactcta cacaacatat
4081 tttgtcacca agaccctact tctaacctcc ctgttcttat gaattcgaac agcatacccc
4141 cgattccgct acgaccaact catacacctc ctatgaaaaa acttcctacc actcacccta
4201 gcattactta tatgatatgt ctccataccc attacaatct ccagcattcc ccctcaaacc
4261 taagaaatat gtctgataaa agagttactt tgatagagta aataatagga gcttaaaccc
4321 ccttatttct aggactatga gaatcgaacc catccctgag aatccaaaat tctccgtgcc
4381 acctatcaca ccccatccta aagtaaggtc agctaaataa gctatcgggc ccataccccg
4441 aaaatgttgg ttataccctt cccgtactaa ttaatcccct ggcccaaccc gtcatctact
4501 ctaccatctt tgcaggcaca ctcatcacag cgctaagctc gcactgattt tttacctgag
4561 taggcctaga aataaacatg ctagctttta ttccagttct aaccaaaaaa ataaaccctc
4621 gttccacaga agctgccatc aagtatttcc tcacgcaagc aaccgcatcc ataatccttc
4681 taatagctat cctcttcaac aatatactct ccggacaatg aaccataacc aatactacca
4741 atcaatactc atcattaata atcataatAg ctatagcaat aaaactagga atagccccct
4801 ttcacttctg agtcccagag gttacccaag gcacccctct gacatccggc ctgcttcttc
4861 tcacatgaca aaaactagcc cccatctcaa tcatatacca aatctctccc tcactaaacg
4921 taagccttct cctcactctc tcaatcttat ccatcatagc aggcagttga ggtggattaa
4981 accaAaccca gctacgcaaa atcttagcat actcctcaat tacccacata ggatgaataa
5041 tagcagttct accgtacaac cctaacataa ccattcttaa tttaactatt tatattatcc
5101 taactactac cgcattccta ctactcaact taaactccag caccacgacc ctactactat
5161 ctcgcacctg aaacaagcta acatgactaa cacccttaat tccatccacc ctcctctccc
5221 taggaggcct gcccccgcta accggctttt tgcccaaatg ggccattatc gaagaattca
5281 caaaaaacaa tagcctcatc atccccacca tcatagccac catcaccctc cttaacctct
5341 acttctacct acgcctaatc tactccacct caatcacact actccccata tctaacaacg
5401 taaaaataaa atgacagttt gaacatacaa aacccacccc attcctcccc acactcatcg
5461 cccttaccac gctactccta cctatctccc cttttatact aataatctta tagaaattta
5521 ggttaaatac agaccaagag ccttcaaagc cctcagtaag ttgcaatact taatttctgt
5581 aacagctaag gactgcaaaa ccccactctg catcaactga acgcaaatca gccactttaa
5641 ttaagctaag cccttactag accaatggga cttaaaccca caaacactta gttaacagct
5701 aagcacccta atcaactggc ttcaatctac ttctcccgcc gccgggaaaa aaggcgggag
5761 aagccccggc aggtttgaag ctgcttcttc gaatttgcaa ttcaatatga aaatcacctc
5821 ggagctggta aaaagaggcc taacccctgt ctttagattt acagtccaat gcttcactca
5881 gccattttac ctcaccccca ctgatgttcg ccgaccgttg actattctct acaaaccaca
5941 aagacattgg aacactatac ctattattcg gcgcatgagc tggagtccta ggcacagctc
6001 taagcctcct tattcgagcc gagctgggcc agccaggcaa ccttctaggt aacgaccaca
6061 tctacaacgt tatcgtcaca gcccatgcat ttgtaataat cttcttcata gtaataccca
6121 tcataatcgg aggctttggc aactgactag ttcccctaat aatcggtgcc cccgatatgg
6181 cgtttccccg cataaacaac ataagcttct gactcttacc tccctctctc ctactcctgc
6241 tcgcatctgc tatagtggag gccggagcag gaacaggttg aacagtctac cctcccttag
6301 cagggaacta ctcccaccct ggagcctccg tagacctaac catcttctcc ttacacctag
6361 caggtgtctc ctctatctta ggggccatca atttcatcac aacaattatc aatataaaac
6421 cccctgccat aacccaatac caaacgcccc tcttcgtctg atccgtccta atcacagcag
6481 tcctacttct cctatctctc ccagtcctag ctgctggcat cactatacta ctaacagacc
6541 gcaacctcaa caccaccttc ttcgaccccg ccggaggagg agaccccatt ctataccaac
6601 acctattctg atttttcggt caccctgaag tttatattct tatcctacca ggcttcggaa
6661 taatctccca tattgtaact tactactccg gaaaaaaaga accatttgga tacataggta
6721 tggtctgagc tatgatatca attggcttcc tagggtttat cgtgtgagca caccatatat
6781 ttacagtagg aatagacgta gacacacgag catatttcac ctccgctacc ataatcatcg
6841 ctatccccac cggcgtcaaa gtatttagct gactcgccac actccacgga agcaatatga
6901 aatgatctgc tgcagtgctc tgagccctag gattcatctt tcttttcacc gtaggtggcc
6961 tgactggcat tgtattagca aactcatcac tagacatcgt actacacgac acgtactacg
7021 ttgtagccca cttccactat gtcctatcaa taggagctgt atttgccatc ataggaggct
7081 tcattcactg atttccccta ttctcaggct acaccctaga ccaaacctac gccaaaatcc
7141 atttcactat catattcatc ggcgtaaatc taactttctt cccacaacac tttctcggcc
7201 tatccggaat gccccgacgt tactcggact accccgatgc atacaccaca tgaaacatcc
7261 tatcatctgt aggctcattc atttctctaa cagcagtaat attaataatt ttcatgattt
7321 gagaagcctt cgcttcgaag cgaaaagtcc taatagtaga agaaccctcc ataaacctgg
7381 agtgactata tggatgcccc ccaccctacc acacattcga agaacccgta tacataaaat
7441 ctagacaaaa aaggaaggaa tcgaaccccc caaagctggt ttcaagccaa ccccatggcc
7501 tccatgactt tttcaaaaag gtattagaaa aaccatttca taactttgtc aaagttaaat
7561 tataggctaa atcctatata tcttaatggc acatgcagcg caagtaggtc tacaagacgc
7621 tacttcccct atcatagaag agcttatcac ctttcatgat cacgccctca taatcatttt