PHYSICAL LANDSCAPES
GLACIATION / WEATHER / COASTS
  • Awareness of rock type, differing erosion rates and time of glacial and inter-glacial period
  • Location of upland glaciated landscapes in UK
  • Explain the processes of weathering (freeze-thaw) and erosion (abrasion / plucking)
  • Describe and explain the formation of:
  • Corrie and tarn
  • Arête
  • Pyramidal peak
  • U-shaped valley/valley trough
  • Hanging valley
  • OS Mapping – identifying features including 6 figure grid referencing.
  • Land uses and conflicts in an upland glaciated landscape
  • How different agencies work to protect Upland Glaciated Landscapes
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  • Measuring and recording weather elements
  • Factors affecting weather conditions in the UK including latitude, altitude and distance from sea.
  • Interpreting and drawing weather symbols
  • Describe different air masses and explain their impact
  • Effect of high pressure (anticyclones) on UK weather conditions (NB difference between summer and winter)
  • Passage of a depression and the weather it brings
  • Awareness of the impact of weather on landscape – glaciation and coasts (i.e. cold = freeze-thaw, storm = increased erosion)
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  • Location of significant coastal areas
  • Waves – fetch, swash, backwash, constructive waves and destructive waves
  • Explain the processes of erosion (hydraulic action, corrosion, attrition, abrasion)
  • Understand different rock type and relationship with erosion rates
  • Explain the formation of, headlands, bays, cliffs, wave cut notches, wave cut platforms, stacks, stumps, caves, arches, beaches, spits and salt marshes, sand bars, tombolos.
  • Explain the process of Long shore drift and its impact (link to beaches, spits and salt marches)
  • Identifying key features on an OS map
  • Coastal management, including groynes, sea walls and beach management
  • Coastal land uses and conflicts including case study of Dorset
  • Explain how different agencies work to protect the coastline

HUMAN LANDSCAPES
Urban / Rural / Population
  • Site and situation
  • Settlement functions – historic and current
  • The shape and form of a settlement
  • Settlement hierarchy
  • Land use zones
  • Land Use Models – Burgess Concentric Zone Model
  • Inner City decay and regeneration
  • Urban sprawl and greenbelts
  • Global urbanisation specific example in a developing country (i.e. Kenya) and particularly in a shanty town (Kibera, Nairobi)
  • Counter-urbanisation in Developed countries
  • The problems and solution to traffic in settlements
  • The problems and solutions for shopping in settlements particular look at out of town shopping centres
/ AIM: Giving detailed descriptions and detailed explanations of land use and change in a rural area
  • An understanding of the following terms; rural, remote rural and accessible rural
  • Farming as a system – inputs  processes  outputs  feedback
  • Arable/pastoral/mixed/market/nomadic
  • Intensive/extensive
  • Commercial/subsistence
  • Changes in the Developed world – policy (CAP), new technology (fertilisers/pesticides/machinery), organic farming, diversification, GM crops.
  • Social and economic problems these changes have created – different age distribution, remote rural depopulation and a reduced labour market.
  • Changes in the developing world and in particular changes to intensive subsistence agriculture (Rice growing in SE Asia) – Green Revolution brought about new technology (tractors, pesticides, fertilisers, irrigation), and High Yield Varieties (HYV) and the increased use of Biofuels.
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  • Need to understand the following at local, national, regional and global scales and explain the impact of physical and human factors on these
  • Distribution (including urban/rural)
  • Density
  • Population increase – birth rate, death rate and natural increase
  • Impact of population change
  • Census data collection and uses
  • Population pyramids – being able to interpret data from these to describe population change and the implications of population structure
  • Demographic Transition Model
  • Migration – what is it? Forced/voluntary, short and long term, difference between immigration and emigration
  • General understanding examples of migration – rural to urban (urbanisation), counter-urbanisation (developed countries), Eastern European economic migration and AfricaEurope to Mexico USA

GLOBAL ISSUES
Health
  • Quality of Living/Standard of life
  • What is development?
  • Development indicators – know life expectancy, GDP/capita, adult literacy, and many more
  • Difference between economic and social indicators
  • Classifying development – developed and developing
  • Composite development indicators – HDI and PQLI
  • Global/regional/national development distribution – including the rich north/poor south
  • Physical influences on development

Environmental Hazards
  • Understanding of the earth structure and how the crust is broken up
  • The cause of volcanoes, earthquakes and tropical storms
  • Distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes globally
  • Location of hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons
For a named example (Soufriere Hills, Montserrat as the volcanic eruption; Haiti for Earthquake; Hurricane Katrina for the Tropical Storm) you need to know:
  • What caused the event?
  • What were the effects on the people and the landscape?
  • What was done in prevention and preparation?
  • What was the response and recovery?

SKILLS
OS Mapping
  • 4 and 6 figure grid referencing
  • Using the key and understanding symbols
  • Interpreting a map

Graph
  • Drawing simple graphs
  • Interpreting data from graphs