Oliveri 1
Gail Stygall, Chair
Anis Bawarshi
Colette Moore
Vincent Oliveri
January 29, 2009
LIST 1: Deliberative Rhetoric and Composition
My central questions with this list are: what is argument? What does it mean to “argue well”? Is persuasion possible? And, assuming that persuasion is possible, how do we teach our students not only to compose their own arguments, but to do so in a way that responsibly and thoughtfully considers other viewpoints?
I see these questions as sub-questions of much larger questions in ontology, epistemology, and political philosophy, hence this question is inextricably bound up with my second and third lists. I foreground argument because I believe it is vitally important for students to be aware of the strategies rhetors use to persuade so that they can recognize these strategies and hopefully learn to deploy them themselves.
My teaching philosophy presumes that knowledge and truth are contingent upon the agreement of an audience, and therefore, sophistic and antirealist perspectives must be considered in this list. Another influence upon my teaching philosophy, hence my perspective when reflecting upon the titles in this list, is Habermas’s theory of the public sphere. Though I would not argue that we have a pure public sphere anywhere, I value it as an ethic and an ideal. This is one way in which this list implies and is implied by my third list. As a result of my interest in the public sphere and the deliberative democracy model, I have included authors who think through the complications that difference introduces to composition theory and pedagogy.
My hope with this list is not only that I have selected texts to address these questions—as they relate directly to composition theory and pedagogy—but also that these texts will do double duty and provide me with a solid foundation in composition theory and pedagogy in general.
Barilli, Renato. Rhetoric. Trans. Giuliana Menozzi. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1989.
Bartholomae, David. Writing on the Margins: Essays in Composition and Teaching. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005. (Selections).
Bartholemae, David. “Writing with Teachers.” Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva Jr. Urbana: NCTE, 1997. 479-88.
Berlin, James. Rhetoric and Reality: Writing Instruction in American Colleges, 1900-1985. Carbondale, Southern Illinois UP, 1987.
---. Rhetorics, Poetics, and Cultures: Refiguring English Studies. Urbana: NCTE, 1996.
Bernard-Donals, Michael, and Richard Glejzer. “Introduction.” Rhetoric in an Anti-Foundational World: Language, Culture, and Pedagogy. Ed. Bernard-Donals and Glejzer. New Haven: Yale U P, 1998: 1-30.
Bitzer, Lloyd F. "The Rhetorical Situation." Philosophy and Rhetoric 1 (1968): 1-14.
Bizzell, Patricia, and Bruce Herzberg, eds. The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present. Boston: Bedford, 1990.
Booth, Wayne. Rhetoric of Rhetoric: The Quest for Effective Communication. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
Bruch, Patrick Leonard and Richard Marback. “Race, Literacy, and the Value of Rights Rhetoric in Composition Studies.” College Composition and Communication 53 (2002): 651-674.
Burke, Kenneth. "Rhetorical Situation." In Communication: Ethical and Moral Issues, edited by Thayer L, 263-75. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1973.
---. A Grammar of Motives. Berkeley: U of California P, 1969.
---. A Rhetoric of Motives. New York: Prentice-Hall Inc, 1950.
Bruffee, Kenneth A. “Writing and Reading as Collaborative or Social Acts.” A Sourcebook for Basic Writing Teachers. Ed. Theresa Enos. New York: Random, 1987. 565-74.
Connors, Robert J. Composition-Rhetoric: Backgrounds, Theory, and Pedagogy. Pittsburgh: U. of Pittsburgh Press, 1997.
Crosswhite, James. The Rhetoric of Reason: Writing and the Attractions of Argument. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1996.
Crowley, Sharon. Composition in the University: Historical and Polemical Essays. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh Press, 1998.
---. The Methodical Memory: Invention in Current-Traditional Rhetoric. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U P, 1990.
---. Toward a Civil Discourse: Rhetoric and Fundamentalism. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh P, 2006.
Ede, Lisa, and Andrea Lunsford. “Audience Addressed/Audience Invoked: The Role of Audience in Composition Theory and Pedagogy.” On Writing Research: The Braddock Essays. Ed. Lisa Ede. Boston: Bedford-St. Martin’s, 1999. 156-71.
Elbow, Peter. “Closing My Eyes as I Speak: An Argument for Ignoring Audience.” The Harcourt Brace Sourcebook for Teachers of Writing. Ed. Patricia Roberts. Fort Worth: Harcourt, 1998. 51-71.
---. Writing without Teachers. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973.
Faigley, Lester. Fragments of Rationality: Postmodernity and the Subject of Composition. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh Press, 1992.
Fish, Stanley. Doing What Comes Naturally: Change, Rhetoric, and the Practice of Theory in Literary and Legal Studies. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.
Fishman, Stephen M., and Lucille Parkinson McCarthy. “Teaching for Student Change: A Deweyan Alternative to Radical Pedagogy.” College Composition and Communication 47 (1996): 342-66.
Fulkerson, Richard. “Composition at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century.” CCC 56.4 (2005): 654-87.
---. “Four Philosophies of Composition.” The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook. 3rd edition. Ed. Gary Tate, Edward P. J. Corbett, and Nancy Myers. New York: Oxford U P, 1994. 3-8.
Gage, John T. “The Reasoned Thesis: The E-Word and Argumentative Writing as a Process of Inquiry.” Argument Revisited: Negotiating Meaning in the Composition Classroom. Ed. Barbara Emmel et al. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1996. 3-18.
---. The Shape of Reason: Argumentative Writing in College. Boston: Allyn, 2001.
Glenn, Cheryl. Rhetoric Retold: Regendering the Tradition from Antiquity through the Renaissance. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U P, 1997.
---. Unspoken: A Rhetoric of Silence. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U P, 2004.
Hairston, Maxine. “Diversity, Ideology, and Teaching Writing.” Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva Jr. Urbana: NCTE, 1997. 659-76.
Harris, Joseph. A Teaching Subject: Composition Since 1966. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997.
Hawisher, Gail E. and Cynthia L. Selfe, eds. Passions, Pedagogies, and 21st Century Technologies. Logan, Ut.: Utah State U P, 1999.
Herrick, James A. The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction. Needham Heights, MA: Ally and Bacon, 1998.
Hillocks, George, Jr. Ways of Teaching, Ways of Thinking. New York: Teachers College P, 1999.
Jarratt, Susan C. “Feminism and Composition: The Case for Conflict.” Contending with Words: Composition and Rhetoric in a Postmodern Age. Ed. Patricia Harkin and John Schilb. New York: MLA, 1991. 105-23.
Kastely, James L. From Plato to Postmodernism: Rethinking the Rhetorical Tradition. New Haven: Yale U P, 1997.
Kennedy, George A. A New History of Classical Rhetoric. Princeton: Princeton U P, 1994.
Kent, Thomas. “On the Very Idea of a Discourse Community.” College Composition and Communication 42 (1991): 425-45.
---. Paralogic Rhetoric: A Theory of Communicative Interaction. Lewisburg: Bucknell U P, 1993.
--- . Post-Process Theory: Beyond the Writing-Process Paradigm. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U P, 1999.
Lazere, Donald. “Ground Rules for Polemicists: The Case of Lynne Cheney’s Truths.” College English 59 (1997): 661-85.
---. “Teaching and Political Conflicts: A Rhetorical Schema.” College Composition and Communication 43 (1992): 194-213.
Lunsford, Andrea. Everything's an Argument. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford-St. Martin’s, 2006.
Lynch, Dennis, Diana George, and Marilyn Cooper. “Moments of Argument: Agonistic Inquiry and Confrontational Cooperation.” College Composition and Communication 48 (1997): 61-85.
McComiskey, Bruce. Gorgias and the New Sophistic Rhetoric. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U P, 2002.
McComiskey, Bruce and Cynthia Ryan, eds. City Comp: Identities, Spaces, Practices. Albany: SUNY P, 2003.
McCormick, Kathleen. “On a Topic of Your Own Choosing…” Writing Theory and Critical Theory. Ed. John Clifford and John Schilb. New York: MLA, 1994.
Miller, Susan. Textual Carnivals: The Politics of Composition. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U P, 1991.
Murphy, James J., ed. A Short History of Writing Instruction: From Ancient Greece to Modern America. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001.
Neel, Jasper. Aristotle’s Voice: Rhetoric, Theory, and Writing in America. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U P, 1994.
Perelman, Chaim and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca. The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation. Trans. John Wilkinson and Purcell Weaver. Notre Dame: U of Notre Dame P, 1969.
Roberts-Miller, Patricia. Deliberate Conflict: Argument, Political Theory, and Composition Classes. Carbondale: Southern Illinois U P, 2004.
Sloane, Thomas O. On the Contrary: The Protocol of Traditional Rhetoric. Washington D.C.: Catholic U of America P, 1997.
Tate, Gary, Amy Rupiper, Kurt Schick. A Guide to Composition Pedagogies. New York: Oxford U P, 2001.
Toulmin, Stephen. Human Understanding. Princeton: Princeton U P, 1972.
---. The Uses of Argument. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge U P, 2003.
van Eemeren, Frans H., Rob Grootendorst, Sally Jackson, and Scott Jacobs. “Argumentation.” Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, vol. 1. Ed. Teun A. van Dijk. London: Sage Publications, 1997: 208-229.
Willard, Charles Arthur. Argumentation and the Social Grounds of Knowledge. University, Ala.: U of Alabama P, 1983.
---. A Theory of Argumentation. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1989.
---. Liberalism and the Problem of Knowledge: A New Rhetoric for Modern Democracy. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1996.
LIST 2: Qualitative Research Methodologies
I consider every researcher to be making an argument not only regarding what truth is, but also regarding what the best way to find it, if there is, in fact, a truth to be found. Engaging in research commits one to positions on ontology and epistemology, and even about the constitution or composition of the researcher and the researched. For instance: are social phenomena real? Am I researching autonomous individuals, or incoherent subjects constructed in discourse? For me, then, this particular list assumes the greatest importance, as it demands we reckon with questions that impact every arena of inquiry.
Specifically, I want this list to help me wrestle with the problem of validity and falsification, specifically within the arena of discourse study, though certainly within other research areas as well. I select discourse study since it is heavily influenced by Foucault’s theory of discourse, a post-structural and antirealist explanation of truth and our understanding of the world. This does not mean that all practitioners of discourse analysis, or critical discourse analysis, are antirealists. Gee, for instance, claims to believe that discourse is really real. Nevertheless, post-structural positions demand different standards of validity—perhaps demanding that we dispense with validity standards altogether.
The list is subdivided to make it easy to locate texts associated with various research approaches. Please note that there is only one text under the category of naturalistic inquiry. While there are researchers still writing from ontological and epistemological positions related to those undergirding naturalism (Hammersley and Atkinson in the field of ethnography, for instance), I have not read many authors who claim to be under the banner of naturalism any longer. I think it is more important to understand the stances each author takes—regardless of their research approach—on ontology and epistemology, rather than to spend a great deal of time on naturalism.
You will also notice that I begin this list with some texts on epistemology (specifically, post-structural and social constructivist epistemologies, in addition to texts that seek to challenge these with reconsiderations of realisms) and validity. I have included these texts in order to ground my discussions of epistemology and validity.
My hope with this list, as with the first, is that it is broad enough in scope to enable me to make my arguments about validity and post-structuralist research, but also to speak knowledgeably about qualitative research methodologies in general.
Epistemology, Philosophy of Science, and Validity
Derrida, Jacques. "Structure Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences." Writing and Differance. Trans. Alan Bass. London: Routledge, 1978. 278-294.
Foucault, Michel. The Foucault Reader. Ed. Paul Rainbow. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984.
---. The Order of Things. New York: Vintage Books, 1994.
---. Power/Knowledge. Ed. Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.
Friedman, Michael. Reconsidering Logical Positivism. Cambridge: Cambridge U P, 1999.
Gadamer, Hans Georg. Truth and Method. 2nd rev. ed. Trans. Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall. New York: Crossroad, 1989.
Hacking, Ian. The Social Construction of What? Cambridge: Harvard U P, 1999.
Lyotard, Jean-Francois. The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Trans. Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1984.
Martín-Alcoff, Linda. “The Problem of Speaking for Others.” Who Can Speak? Authority and Critical Identity. Ed. Judith Roof and Robyn Wiegman. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1996. Linda Martín-Alcoff. Accessed 4 Jul 2008. < speaothers.html>
Morse, Janice M. “Myth #93: Reliability and Validity Are Not Relevant to Qualitative Inquiry.” Qualitative Health Research 9 (1999): 717-718.
Rorty, Richard. Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton: Princeton U P, 1979.
Searle, John. The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Free Press, 1995.
Sparkes, Andrew C. “Myth 94: Qualitative Health Researchers will Agree about Validity.” Qualitative Health Research 11 (2001): 538-551.
Whittemore, Robin, Susan K. Chase, and Carol Lynn Mandle. “Validity in Qualitative Research.” Qualitative Health Research 11 (2001): 522-537.
Wylie, Alison. “Archaeological Cables and Tacking.” Thinking From Things: Essays in the Philosophy of Archaeology. Berkeley: U of California P, 2002.
Discourse Analysis, Including Narrative and Pragmatics
Chilton, Paul. Analyzing Political Discourse: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge, 2004.
Chouliaraki, Lilie and Norman Fairclough. Discourse in Late Modernity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh U P, 1999.
Fairclough, Norman. Analyzing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research. London: Routledge, 2003.
Fairclough, Norman. Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992.
Fairclough, Norman. Language and Globalization. 2006.
Foucault, Michel. Archaeology of Knowledge. Trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Pantheon Books, 1972.
---. Discipline and Punish. Trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Vintage Books, 1979.
---. The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage Books, 1980.
---. "The Order of Discourse." Language and Politics. Ed. M. Shapiro. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1982.
Gee, James Paul. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2005.
Mills, Sarah. Discourse. London: Routledge, 1997.
Ochs, Elinor. “Narrative.” Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, vol. 1. Ed. Teun A. van Dijk. London: Sage Publications, 1997: 185-207.
Reissman, Catherine Kohler. Narrative Analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993.
Scollon, Ronald. “Action and text: towards an integrated understanding of the place of text in social (inter)action, mediated discourse analysis and the problem of social action.” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. Ed. Ruth Wodak and Michael Meyer. London: Sage, 2001: 139-183.
Scollon, Ronald. Mediated Discourse as Social Interaction. London: Longman, 1998.
van Dijk, Teun A. “Discourse as Interaction in Society.” Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, vol. 2. Ed. Teun A. van Dijk. London: Sage Publications, 1997: 1-37.
van Dijk, Teun A. Ideology. London: Sage Publications, 1998.
van Dijk, Teun A. “Multidisciplinary CDA: a plea for diversity.” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. Ed. Ruth Wodak and Michael Meyer. London: Sage, 2001: 95-120.
van Dijk, Teun A. “The Study of Discourse.” Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, vol. 1. Ed. Teun A. van Dijk. London: Sage Publications, 1997: 1-34.
van Dijk, Teun A, Stella Ting-Toomey, Geneva Smitherman, and Denise Troutman. “Discourse, Ethnicity, Culture and Racism.” Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, vol. 2. Ed. Teun A. van Dijk. London: Sage Publications, 1997: 144-180.
Wodak, Ruth. “The discourse-historical approach.” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. Ed. Ruth Wodak and Michael Meyer. London: Sage, 2001: 63-94.
Wodak, Ruth. “What CDA is about – a summary of its history, important concepts and its developments.” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. Ed. Ruth Wodak and Michael Meyer. London: Sage, 2001: 1-13.
Ethnography
Agar, Michael. The Professional Stranger: An Informal Introduction to Ethnography. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996.
Charmaz, Kathy and Richard G. Mitchell. “Grounded Theory in Ethnography.” The Handbook of Ethnography. London: Sage Publications, 2001.
Coffey, Amanda. “The power of accounts: authority and authorship in ethnography.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 9.1 (1996): 61-74.
Denzin, N. Interpretive Ethnography. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1997.
Gordon, Tuula, Janet Holland, and Elina Lahelma. “Ethnographic Research in Educational Settings.” The Handbook of Ethnography. London: Sage Publications, 2001.
Hammersley, M. and P. Atkinson. Ethnography: Principles in Practice, 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2007.
Rhedding-Jones, Jeanette. “Researching Early Schooling: Poststructural Practices and Academic Writing in an Ethnography.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 17.1 (1996): 21-37.
Rock, Paul. “Symbolic Interactionism and Ethnography.” The Handbook of Ethnography. London: Sage Publications, 2001.
Roman, Leslie G. “Double Exposure: The Politics of Feminist Materialist Ethnography.” Educational Theory 43.3 (Summer 1993): 279-308.
Grounded Theory
Charmaz, Kathy. Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage Books, 2006.
Dey, Ian. Grounding Grounded Theory: Guidelines for Qualitative Inquiry. San Diego: Academic Press, 1999.
Glaser, B. G. Emergence vs. Forcing: Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis. 1992.
Glaser, Barney G. and Strauss, Anselm L. The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine, 1967.
Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998.
Naturalistic Inquiry
Lincoln, Y. S. and Guba, E. G. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985.
Phenomenology
Caelli, Kate. "The Changing Face of Phenomenological Research." Qualitative Health Research 10 (2000): 366-377.
Dowling, Maura. "From Husserl to van Manen. A Review of Different Phenomenological Approaches.." International Journal of Nursing Studies 44(2007): 131-142.
Giorgi, Amadeo, ed. Phenomenology and Psychological Research. Pittsburgh: Duquesne U P, 1985.
Giorgi, Amadeo. "The Phenomenological Movement and Research in the Human Sciences." Nursing Science Quarterly 18(2005): 75-82.
Schutz, Alfred and Thomas Luckmann. The Structures of the Life-World. Trans. Richard M. Zaner and H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern U P, 1973.
Padilla, Rene. "Clara: A Penemenology of Disability." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 57(2003): 413-23.
Sternglass, Marilyn. The Presence of Thought. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Co., 1988.
Van Manen, Max. Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. Albany: SUNY Press, 1990.
Texts on Research Design and Aspects of the Research Process
Maxwell, Joseph. Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2005.
Miles, Matthew B., and A. Michael Huberman. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1994.
Mishler, Elliot G. Research Interviewing: Context and Narrative. Cambridge: Harvard U P, 1991.
Morse, Janice M. Qualitative Health Research. Newbury Park, Ca.: Sage Publications, 1992.
Silverman, D. Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for Analysing Talk, Text and Interaction. London: Sage, 1993.