Lifespan Ch 7 Review
1.Define and discuss one effect of myelination.
2.Define what Piaget meant by an operation.
3.Define egocentrism.
4.Define animism.
5.Define centration.
6.Define conservation.
7.What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD), what are its lower and upper limits, and who is the theorist who developed it?
8.Define what Lev Vygotsky meant by scaffolding.
9.What did Lev Vygotsky believe was true concerning language and thought development in children?
10.List the three areas of developmental change in theory of mind that take place between the ages of 18 months and 3 years of age.
11.Briefly describe three major signs of autism in children.
12.This theorist proposed that children's cognitive development occurs in a series of universal stages. During early childhood, this theorist suggested that children represent the world with words, images, and drawings.
13.A cognitive theorist who emphasized the social contexts of learning and the construction of knowledge through social interaction.
14.The process in which axons are covered with a layer of fat cells, which increases the speed of information traveling through the nervous system.
15.A common nutritional problem in early childhood which results from the failure to eat adequate amounts of quality meats and dark green vegetables.
16.Internalized sets of actions that enable children to do mentally what they formerly did physically.
17.The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another.
18.The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action.
19.The substage of preoperational thought in which the young child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present.
20.The substage of preoperational thought when children begin to use primitive reasoning and wan to know the answers to questions.
21.Focusing of one's attention on one salient characteristic of a situation while excluding all other characteristics.
22.The knowledge that superficial changes in appearance in objects do not change the fundamental attributes of objects (such as mass or volume).
23.The distance between what a child can accomplish on his/her own, and what he/she can accomplish with assistance from a more knowledgeable other.
24.The process by which a "teacher" keeps up with the ongoing progress of the "learner" by changing the level of support over a teaching session.
25.The use of language for self-regulation.
26.The memory component in which individuals retain information for up to 30 seconds, assuming there is no rehearsal of the information.
27.The awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.
28.A developmental disorder of the brain characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, as well as repetitive behaviors or interests.