Leech, K.A., Salo, V.C., Rowe, M.L., and Cabrera, N.J (2012) Father input and Child Vocabulary Development: The Importance of Wh Questions and Clarification Requests. Seminars in Speech & Language, 34:249-259.

Questions:

  1. Research presented in this article describes father’s input to children as
  2. being similar to mother’s input.
  3. using more yes/no questions.
  4. having wide variability.
  5. using less clarification requests.
  1. Research has documented that differences in the size of lower and higher-income children’s vocabularies
  2. grows over time.
  3. carries over into reading abilities.
  4. remains static.
  5. A and B
  6. B and C
  1. Some of the factors that influence the input mothers offer their children include
  2. maternal literacy skills.
  3. maternal working environment.
  4. maternal depression.
  5. maternal education.
  6. A, B and C
  7. A, C and D
  1. Children from higher income homes hear an estimated more words than children from lower income homes by the time they are 4 years old.
  2. 30 million
  3. 80%
  4. 25 000
  5. 100 000
  1. The authors argue that examining the associations between father input and child language development within a low income sample may help inform us of several factors that contribute to variability in children’s early language skills within these populations.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. In the study by Ratner, it was reported that
  2. there were differences between mother’s and father’s vocabulary diversity.
  3. fathers’ quantity of word tokens was similar to that of mothers’ when interacting with their child.
  4. fathers used more “rare” words than mothers.
  5. fathers used more common vocabulary words than mothers.
  1. In this article, the authors looked at three measures on which maternal and paternal speech patterns are often compared:
  2. Complexity, maternal depression and diversity.
  3. Quantity, diversity and complexity.
  4. Diversity, education levels and income.
  5. Quantity, quality and responsiveness.
  1. Conversation eliciting devices do not include
  2. requests for clarification.
  3. repetitions.
  4. questions.
  5. non specific clarification requests.
  1. In a study by Pancsofar and Vernon-Feagans (2010), the vocabulary diversity of fathers from low-income backgrounds used during a book reading task
  2. related to children’s vocabulary concurrently.
  3. related to children’s vocabulary predictively.
  4. made a significant contribution to children’s expressive language skills.
  5. All the above
  6. None of the above
  1. Requests for clarification
  2. allow the child to repeat him-/herself and therefore practice his/her newly acquired vocabulary skills.
  3. require the child to make him-herself understood.
  4. Both of the above
  5. None of the above
  1. With regard to quantity of speech, the authors report
  2. that some studies found differences between fathers and mothers, while others did not.
  3. that studies showed consistently that fathers talk less to their children than mothers do.
  4. that studies consistently showed that, in father-child dyads, the number of word tokens was less than in mother-child dyads.
  5. that studies showed consistently that there were no differences in quantity of child-directed speech between fathers and mothers.
  6. A and C
  1. Use of wh questions is associated with language development as
  2. children who hear wh questions are more able to comprehend and produce these question types.
  3. exposure to these questions during the 3rd year of life predicts growth in preposition development.
  4. book reading styles that include a lower proportion of caregiver questions relate to higher expressive vocabulary skills.
  5. use of wh questions directly relates to school readiness after kindergarten entry.
  1. Wh-questions are conversation eliciting because they require a response from the child that often includes one word only.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. In the current study reported by the authors, the number of were used as measures of quantity of talk.
  2. word tokens and total utterances
  3. word types and total utterances
  4. word types and word tokens
  5. wh questions and word tokens
  1. Verbatim reading from the text of a book was included in the analyses reported in this study.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. Question categories used in this study included
  2. wh questions.
  3. tag questions.
  4. indirect directives.
  5. All of the above
  6. None of the above
  1. Word types served as a measure of lexical diversity in this study.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. An example of a tag question is :
  2. Who are you calling on the phone?
  3. Do you want it open or closed?
  4. Huh? What did you say?
  5. This is the big one, right?
  1. What percentage of father’s clarification requests were non-specific?
  2. 75%
  3. 95.6%
  4. 22.3%
  5. 8.7%
  1. Fathers in this study used mainly what questions with their children. The authors suggest that such questions are appropriately challenging for 2-year-old children because
  2. they elicit object labels.
  3. they result in children talking more.
  4. they serve as an important opportunity to learn and reinforce new words.
  5. A and B
  6. A and C