Lecture Notes Chapter 9

Lecture Notes –Chapter 9

9.1 The Interior of the Earth

The Earth’s interior ______

Continental Drift: In the early 1900’s German scientist, ______theorized that a “supercontinent” ______existed ______years ago.

Wegener’s EVIDENCE OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT

Rejecting the Hypothesis

Why? ______

9.2 Plate Tectonics

Wegener’s theory ______the mid-______’s, when structures on the ______of a mechanism for the ______of continents.

Convection Current:Movement of ______(a fluid) caused by changes in ______or temperature.

Draw a convection current 

Earth’s Major Roles

Plate tectonics theory: the uppermost ______& overlying ______, = strong, ______layer: the ______.

Lithosphere: The _____ outer shell of Earth, consisting of the ____ and the rigid upper ______. The lithosphere is made up of large pieces called ______plates

Asthenosphere: The zone of the ______the lithosphere that consists of ______. It is believed that the asthenosphere ______, thus causing the tectonic plates to move.

Draw a picture of the

Convection Currents

found in the Earth 

How many major plates are there? ____ Which one do you live on?______

Types of Plate Boundaries

Divergent boundaries (also called ______centers) - two plates move ______.

______boundaries - two plates ______.

______fault boundaries - two plates ______each other (______the production or ______of the lithosphere).

Draw a picture below of each of the boundaries. Include arrows that show movement of plates relative to each other.

DivergentConvergentTransform

9.3 Actions at Plate Boundaries

Divergent Boundaries

Oceanic ridges - continuous ______zones on ______basins.

Rift valleys - ______structures

Seafloor spreading______(crust) lithosphere.

What is being formed in East Africa due to a rift?
Convergent Boundaries

A ______zone - one ______into the ______beneath a second plate.

Transform Fault Boundaries - plates ______without destroying the lithosphere.

Transform ______- Most join two segments ______.

Which plate is subducting into the North American plate? ______

9.4 Testing Plate Tectonics:

•Today we know that the ______floor is ______

•Scientists have ______on the ocean floor and they now ____ that ______lies along the ______and ______crust extends ______from this plate boundary.

•Scientists have ______with alternating ______extending from the mid-ocean ridge.

Evidence for Plate Tectonics

• Ocean ______on the ______of seafloor sediment ______hypothesis predictions.
• ______oceanic crust is at ridge crest, and the ______margins.

Evidence for Plate Tectonics ______- concentration of heat in mantle capable of producing ______to Earth’s surface

•Hot spot evidence ______the Earth’s surface.

Draw and describe the hot spot beneath the Hawaiian islands:

9.5 Mechanisms of Plate Motion

______occurring ______is the basic driving ______for plate ______.

•______flow - motion of matter resulting from ______

______.

Draw a convection current

(use arrows, hot/cold and high/low density

Causes of Plate Motion

• Slab-pull - ______oceanic crust ______into mantle and ______the trailing lithosphere along..
• Ridge-push causes oceanic lithosphere to slide down the sides of the oceanic ridge ______

Mantle Convection

•masses of ______material that ______toward the ______, (leads to ______).

•______within Earth causes thermal ______in the mantle that ultimately ______.