Lecture Notes: CH 19 Air Pressure and Wind
Air pressure is the pressure exerted by the ______air
Air pressure is ______directions— down, up, and sideways.
What does “baro” mean? ______
Measuring Air Pressure
A barometer - device for ______air pressure
Units: mmHg or mbars (______) (English: psi)
Average atmospheric pressure is 1 Atm ______or 14.7 psi
When the ______, a l______pressure system is moving in. This means rising air, and bad weather (______).
When the barometer ______, a higher pressure system is moving in. ______weather.
Factors Affecting Wind -Air flows from areas of ______to areas of ____ pressure.
The ______of Earth’s surface generates pressure differences.
Three factors combine to control wind: ______
Pressure Differences A pressure ______ - amount of pressure change
Closely spaced ______— lines on a map that connect places of ______air pressure— indicate a steep pressure gradient and ______.
______describes how Earth’s rotation affects moving objects.
In the Northern Hemisphere, moving ______(can be liquids and gases), including the wind, ______(to the ______)
In the Southern Hemisphere, - deflected to the ______(to the ______)
DRAW the Coriolis Effect
Friction acts to ______movement, which changes wind direction.
Jet streams are ______that travel between 120 and 240 kilometers per hour in a west-to-east direction.
19.2 PressureCenters and Winds Highs and Lows
______= centers of ______pressure. (What kind of weather? _____)
______= centers of ______ pressure. (What kind of weather? _____)
In the Northern Hemisphere, ______around a low.
Around a high, they blow clockwise
Weather and Air Pressure - ______air is associated with ______formation and precipitationwhereas ______skies.
Weather Forecasting ______centers can produce bad weather in any season.
Global Winds This system moves ______and cool air toward the equator.
DRAW simplified version of global winds
DRAW complicated version of global winds ______
Rotating Earth Model (from Coriolis Effect)
______ belts of winds that blow from easterly directions (______)
Westerlies - dominant ______ motion (Dominant Winds for North America)
Polar easterlies - blow from the polar high toward the subpolar low (______).
Influence of Continents
Monsoons - ______of wind direction (associated with large continents), especially ______. In winter, the wind blows from land to sea. In summer, the wind blows from sea to land (______!)
19.3 Regional Wind Systems
Local Windscaused by topographic effects—land and water
Wind Direction - The prevailing wind in the United States, the ______, move weather ______to east
Wind Speed - An______is an instrument that is used to measure wind ______
Air becomes wind as it flows from ______
Due to the Coriolis effect, winds in the Northern Hemisphere ______
What is El Nino?
Summary: El Nino is ______of ocean water in the ______(off coast of South America) that affects weather worldwide - caused by ______every ______years