Supporting Appendix to

Lake-stream divergence in stickleback life history - a plastic response to trophic niche differentiation?

Dario Moser, Benjamin Kueng, Daniel Berner*

Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Switzerland

*E-mail:

Journal name: Evolutionary Biology

Contents:

Table S1Geographical description of the three field sites used for the transplant experiment

Table S2Body mass of the experimental fish used for the maturation size threshold experiment

Table S3Stomach content data from a winter sample of stream stickleback

Figure S1Photographs of the field enclosures used for the transplant experiment

Figure S2Relationship between body size and the probability to mature across all specimens involved in the maturation size threshold experiment

Table S1. Geographic situation of the three field sites chosen for the transplant experiment (‘transplant sites’). The ‘sampling sites’ are the localities where we sampled the parental fish from which the fish for the transplant experiment were derived. The distance to lake is the water distance between each transplant site and Lake Constance.
Transplant site (country) / Associated sampling site / Distance from
sampling site (km) / Distance to
lake (km) / Latitude (North) / Longitude (East)
Singen (D) / BOH / 11.2 / 21.6 / 47° 46' 54'' / 8° 50' 36''
Erlen (CH) / NID / 6.3 / 14.9 / 47° 32' 52'' / 9° 12' 33''
Lauterach (AT) / HOH / 21 / 4.7 / 47° 28' 21'' / 9° 42' 18''
Table S2. Mean body mass (and standard deviation) of male and female stickleback from the lake and the NID population used for the maturation size threshold experiment. The data represent the measurements taken in the beginning of the experiment, and are given separately for each of the three experimental rounds.
Lake / NID
Experimental round / Females / Males / Females / Males
1 / 0.8  0.24 / 0.63  0.12 / 0.78  0.16 / 0.73  0.13
2 / 0.83  0.24 / 0.76  0.12 / 0.73  0.24 / 0.67  0.19
3 / 1.28  0.24 / 1.18  0.13 / 1.16  0.33 / 0.94  0.19
Table S3.Stomach content of stickleback sampled during winter (December 15, 2014) at the NID stream site. For methodological detail see Berner et al. (2008) and Moser et al. (2012).
Specimen
ID / Vermiform
insect larvae* / Copepoda** / Chydorid
cladocera / Isopoda / Epheme-roptera / Trichop-tera / Collembola
Ga3149 / 7 / 9 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0
Ga3150 / 19 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 1
Ga3151 / 24 / 3 / 3 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Ga3152 / 11 / 5 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0
Ga3153 / 12 / 7 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
total / 73 / 28 / 7 / 4 / 3 / 2 / 1
* mainly chironomidae and ceratopogonidae
** non-calanoid

Fig. S1. Photographs of the field transplant enclosures used at the three experimental sites. The transplant sites are labeled according to their associated field sampling sites, see Table S1.

BOH: NID: HOH:

Figure S2.Distribution of female and male stickleback body mass in relation to whether an individual reached maturity during the maturation size threshold experiment. Across all experimental rounds, individuals heavier than approximately 1g always started to reproduce.