Label the Following on the Map Using the Appropriate Number Or Letter

Global Studies Name

Middle East Review

Map

Label the following on the map using the appropriate number or letter.

Countries

1. Egypt

2. Iran

3. Iraq

4. Israel

5. Jordan

6. Kuwait

7. Lebanon

8. Oman

9. Saudi Arabia

10. Syria

11. Turkey

12. United Arab Emirates

13. Yemen

Bodies of Water

A. Arabian Sea

B. Euphrates River

C. Mediterranean Sea

D. Nile River

E. Tigris River

F. Persian Gulf

G. Red Sea

H. Suez Canal

Cities

a. Jerusalem

b. Mecca

Physical Features

AA. Arabian Peninsula

BB. Sinai Peninsula

General Information

Origin of Term “Middle East” / Location in relation to Europe
Significance of Region / Where three continents meet (Asia, Africa, Europe); where the three monotheistic religions began (Judaism, Christianity, Islam); the largest course of the World’s oil
Common Geographic Feature / Desert
Most Common Religion / Islam
Most Common Language / Arabic
Common Government Types / Republic and monarchy, most not democratic
Region with Similar Characteristics / Northern Africa

Monotheism

Judaism / Christianity / Islam
Key
Figure / Abraham, Moses / Jesus / Muhammad
Date of
Origin / ~1800 B.C.E. / ~100 C.E. / ~600 C.E.
Holy Book / Torah (613 laws) / Bible / Koran
Holy Day / Friday sundown to Saturday sundown / Sunday / Friday
Building of Worship / Temple, Synagogue / Church / Mosque
View of
Jesus / He is not part of their religion / Lord and savior / Prophet
Holidays / Rosh Hashanah
Yom Kippur
Passover / Easter
Christmas / Ramadan
Eid al-Fitr
Importance of Jerusalem / Site of 1st & 2nd Temples; capital of Kingdom of Israel / Jesus lived, died, was crucified, buried, and rose from here / Muhammad ascended Golden Ladder (now Dome of the Rock)

Judaism

Abraham / Made covenant with God to worship one god
Exodus / Story of the Jewish people escaping slavery in Egypt; led by Moses
David / King of Israel; established Jerusalem as capital
Solomon / Sons of David; king of Israel; built first Temple
Herod / Roman king of Israel; built second Temple
Diaspora / When the Jewish people were scattered around the world
Western Wall / Only remaining wall of the Jewish people’s Temple in Jerusalem; the holiest site for Jewish people

Islam

Name of the religion

Muslim

A person who practices Islam

Muhammad

Prophet of Islam; received the word of God from the Angel Gabriel who told him to recite it.

Hejira

A turning point for Islam, it was the journey of Muhammad & his followers from Mecca to Median; year 1 in the Muslim calendar

Jihad

Holy struggle or holy war

Holy Cities

#1 – Mecca, #2 – Medina, #3 - Jerusalem

Five Pillars of Islam

1. There is one god, Allah
2. Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
3. Make a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca
4. Fast during holy month of Ramadan
5. Give charity to the poor

Arab-Israeli Conflict Terms

Israel / Homeland of the Jewish people
Palestinian Territories / West Bank, Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem
Zionism / Movement to establish a Jewish homeland
Balfour Declaration / British support for a Jewish homeland, but not at the expense of the Arabs
UN Partition Plan / Plan to separate the land into a Jewish Israel and Arab Palestine; rejected by the Arabs, but accepted by the Jewish people
Intifada / Palestinian uprising protesting Israel

Arab-Israeli Conflict Wars

Name / Date / Outcome
1948 War / 1948 / Israel declares itself a country, Arab nations attack, Israel defends itself and gains Arab land
Suez Crisis/War / 1956 / Israel, Britain, and France attacked Egypt after Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal; Israel withdrew
Six Day War / 1967 / Israel gains control of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights
Yom Kippur War / 1973 / Egypt and Syria attacked Israel to regain land lost in Six Day War; Israel successfully defended itself

Arab-Israeli Peace Agreements

Camp David / Oslo Accords
Date / 1978 / 1993
Participants / Egypt, Israel, U.S. / Israel, Palestinians, U.S.
Outcome / Egypt acknowledged existence of Israel (first Arab nation to do so); Sadat (Egypt) was assassinated / Palestinians received autonomy or self-rule; Rabin (Israel) was

Iraq & Persian Gulf War

Dictator of Iraq / Saddam Hussein
US Role in Persian Gulf War / Led a coalition force (many countries working together) to get Hussein out of Kuwait
Event that Started War / Hussein invaded Kuwait
Ways it was “unfinished” at the time / Hussein was left in power, U.S. forces in Saudi Arabia & Persian Gulf, concerns about weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)
Objective of recent war in Iraq / Iraq was suspected of having WMDs; goal was to remove Hussein from power

Iran

Leader’s Name / When & How Gained Power / Reforms He Promoted
Monarchy / Shah Pahlavi / Father took power in 1925 / Wanted to modernize and westernize
Theocracy / Ayatollah Khomeini / 1979 Islamic Revolution overthrew the Shah / Created a theocracy and broke off ties with western nations
Ancient Empire / Persian
Language & Ethnic Group / Persian (Farsi) language; Persian Ethnicity
Major Sect of Islam / Sh’ia/Shi’ite
Iran’s War: Opponent & Years / Iraq; 1980-1988
Reason for Current Tension with U.S. / Iran’s nuclear and missile programs

OPEC

OPEC / Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; influences the amount of oil produced in the world
Largest Oil Producer / Saudi Arabia

Egypt

Importance of Nile Valley / It is fertile soil, only place in Egypt that is farmable, and the birth-place of the Ancient Nile Valley Civilization;
Gamal Abdel Nasser / Leader of Egypt that promoted Arab socialism, and Egyptian nationalism
Nasser’s Economic Goals / End foreign ownership of resources, modernization
Actions Nasser Took to Achieve Goals / Nationalized some of the country’s resources and industries
Aswan High Dam / Major modernization project; it is a hydroelectric dam built along the Nile River
Suez Crisis / When Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, Israel, France, and Britain attacked
Anwar Sadat / Leader of Egypt that recognized the existence of Israel; he was assassinated for giving too much to Israel

Turkey

Former Empire / Ottoman Empire
Mustafa Ataturk / Leader of Turkey that promoted Turkish nationalism and its modernization and westernization
Ataturk’s Reforms / Created secular government, decreased traditional clothing, simplified alphabet, implemented last names
Ways Turkey Differs from Other Middle East Nations / Secular government, Western culture (like U.S. and Europe)

Terrorism

Osama bin Laden / Former leader of al Qaeda and organizer of several terrorist attacks on the U.S., including 9/11 Attacks
Al Qaeda / Terrorist organization aimed at the destruction of western nations (especially U.S.); responsible for 9/11 Attacks
9/11 Attacks / 4 airplanes were hijacked and used to hit the World Trade Center (NY) and the Pentagon (VA); a 4th plane went down in PA

Afghanistan

Cold War Conflict / Soviet Union invaded 1979 to “help” Afghan communists; the U.S. helped the Afghanis rebels
Mujahedeen / Rebels, which included Osama bin Laden, that the U.S. helped fight the Soviets
Taliban / Conservative Islamic group that has controlled large portions of Afghanistan; opposes any Westernization
Reason for US Military Action / Osama bin Laden organized 9/11 Attack from Afghanistan; Taliban would not turn him over to U.S., so we attacked