Krok-2. Pharmacology
1. For what purpose did the patient with stenocardia recieve acetilsalicylic acid?
A.*Antiplatelet action
B. Reduction in fibrinolytic activity of the blood
C. Aggregant action
D. Anti-inflammatory action
E. Induction of fibrinolytic activity of the blood
2.A 32 year old patient is recieving antitubercular agents. After some time he noticed, that his urine turned an orange-red color. Which preparation could have caused this?
A.*Rifampicinum
B. Isoniazidum
C. Pyrazinamidum
D. Ethambutolum
E. Streptomycinum
3. Neuroleptanaesthesia was given to a patient with myocardial infarction.Which preparation from the neuroleptic group is most frequently used along with phentaline?
A. *Droperidolum
B. Etaperazinum
C. Levomepromazinum
D. Clozapinum
E. Sulpiride
4.A 55 year old patient on the 4th day of Indometacine treatment, a gastral bleeding started as a result of ulcer of mucous stomach membrane.
A. Reduction in the activity of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)
B. Reduction in the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
C. Reduction in the activity of lipooxygenase (LOX)
D. Reduction in the activity of thromboxane synthetase
E. Reduction in the activity of prostacyclinsynthetase
5.A 45 year old patient who was, for 2 weeks taking Neodicumarinum for treatment thrombophlebitis. During daily inspection, blood reduction in prothrombin was noted as well as microhematuria. Which preparation should be used as an antagonist to Neodicumarinum?
A. *Vikasolum
B. Protamini sulfas
C. Natrii sulfas
D. Heparinum
E. Aminocapronic acid
6.A patient was delivered to the recieving department with complaints of hardened breathing, salivation, acute abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vertigo, reduction of visual perseption. Phosphoorganic poisoning was diagnosed. Which preparations is reasonable to include to pathogenic therapy?
A. *Atropini sulfas
B. Natrium Thiosulfate and Bemegride
C. Tetacinum Calcium and Unithiol
D. Nalorphini hydrochloridum and Bemegridum
E. Glucosa and Bemegridum
7.A patient was delivered to the recieving department with complaints of dry mouth, photophobia and eyesight disfunction. Skin is red, dry, pupils are wide, tachicardia. Belladonna alcaloid poisoning was diagnosed. Which preparation is reasonable to prescribe?
A. *Proserpinum
B. Aceclidinum
C. Pylocarpinum
D. Armine
E. Dipiroximum
8.Patient with hypertonia was prescribed Captopril. What is the mechanism of its action?
A. *Reduction of angiotensin-converting enzyme
B. Beta-adrenoceptors blocking
C. Alpha-adrenoceptors blocking
D. Blockade of angiotensin-2 receptors
E. Blockade of slow Calcium chanells
9. A patient with hypertension crysis was injected Clophelin (Clonidine). Which mechanism lies at the base of its antihypertensive action?
A. *The stimulation of presynaptic alpha-2-adrenoceptors
B. Blockade of peripherial alpha-1-adrenoceptors
C. Blockade of beta-adrenoceptors
D. Blocksde of N-cholinoceptors of the visceral ganglii
E. Direct myotropic action on vessels
10. Patient with ulcer disease Ranitidin was prescribed. The stomach acidity was significantly reduced. Which mechanism lies at the base of this preparation's action?
A. *Blockade of H2-histaminoreceptors
B. Blockade of H1-histaminoreceptors
C. Blockade of M-cholinoreceptors
D. Reduction in H+/K+ ATPase activity
E. Blockade of N-cholinoreceptors of visceral ganglii
11. A patient with heart glycoside intoxication symptoms was prescribed Unithiol. What is the healing mechanism of this preparation?
A. *Reactivation membraneus H+/K+ ATP-ase
B. Binding of ionised Ca2+
C. Increase K+ heart muscles
D. Increase the amount of Na+ in the myocardium
E. Induction heart glycosides metabolism
12.To remove delirium and hallucinations from a shizophrenic woman, the doctor used Aminasin. What is the mechanism of its action?
A. *Inhibition of the dopaminergic processes in th CNS
B. Stimulates the adrenergic and dopaminergic processes in the CNS
C. Stimulates the holinergic processes in the CNS
D. Inhibition of the holinergic processes in the CNS
E. Inhibition of the adrenegic processes in the CNS
13. A 52 year old man was diagnosed with systemis amoebiasis with the damage of intestines, liver and lungs. Which preparation should you prescribe?
A.* Metronidazolum
B. Chiniofon
C. Tetracyclinum
D. Chingaminum
E. Phthalazolum
14. As a result of myocardium infarction in patient ventricular arythmia has developed. Heart rate was brought back to normal, upon recieving an antiarrhythmic drug with local anaesthetic activity. Which preparation was used?
A. *Lidocainum
B. Novocainum
C. Verapamilum
D. Pananginum
E. Propranololum
15. A 38 year old patient was delivered to the recieving department in serious condition who was poisoned by mercury. Which antidote should be imidiately given to the patient?
A. *Unithiol
B. Dipiroximum
C. Atropine
D. Nalorphine
E. Isonitrosine
16.A 33 year old woman, who was taking chronic polyarthritis and treating or a long time, complains about rising blood pressure, different fat deposition areas, unregular menstrual periods. Which preparation does the woman take?
A. *Prednisolonum
B. Indometacinum
C. Butadionum
D. Fluocinolone acetonide
E. Diclofenac sodium
17. A pregnant woman (20 weeks) has caught pneumonia. Which chemotherapy preparation can be recommended without the risk to the foetus?
A. *Benzylpennicilin
B. Gentamicinum
C. Sulfalenum
D. Levomicetinum
E. Ofloxacinum
18. During a surgical operation, as a muscle relaxant, Tubocurarine choride was used. Which antagonist preparation should be given to the patient, in order to renew breathing?
A. *Proserinum
B. Dithilinum
C. Cytisine
D. Etimizolum
E. Benzohexonium
19.A patient with alergic dermatitis was prescribed Suprastine. Which group of antialergic preparations does it belong to?
A. *H1 histamine receptor blocker
B. Glucocorticosteroids
C. Inhibitors of mast cell degranulation
D. Leukotriene receptor antagonists
E. H2 histamine blockers
20. A child accidentally drank a solution from a bottle which contains grandma's glaucoma treatment. It came out to be Pilocarpine hydrochloride. Which preparation could be used as an antidote?
A. *Atropine
B. Carboholine
C. Aceclidine
D. Benzohexonium
E. Pentamine
21. A woman who suffers from neurosis, doesn't sleep well. Which of the listed preparations should be chosen to treat insomnia?
A. *Nitrazepam
B. Phenobarbital
C. Aethaminalum-natrium
D. Bromisoval
E. Tincture Valerianae
22.Drug addicts after the narcotic action resides, feel very serious psychic, neurotic and somatic disfunctions. What is this complex of symptoms called?
A. *Abstinent syndrome
B. Tachyphylaxis
C. Sensibilisation
D. Cumulation
E. Tolerance
23. With which group of diuretics is it forbidden to prescribe hypotensive drugs from the angiotensin converting enzyme group?
A. *Potassium- sparing
B. Thiazides
C. Digitalis
D. Xanthines
E. Osmotic
24. A patient came to the pharmacy, who was for a month taking phenazepam. The patient insisted on buying two more packs, explaining that he doesn't feel well without it. What lies at the base of this side effect?
A. *Drug addiction
B. Idiosyncrasy
C. Hangover syndrome
D. Cumulation
E. Tolerance
25. A patient with alergic rhinitis was prescribed ephedrine in nose drops form. Using this preparation, significantly improves the patient's state which made him use it every 2 hours, but the effect wasn't present. What lies at the base of ephedrine's uneffectiveness?
A. *Tachyphylaxis
B. Drug addiction
C. Idiosyncrasy
D. Allergy
E. Cumulation
26.A patient with hypertensive crisis during complex treatment needs to be prescribed diuretics. Advise the intern, which preparation should be used?
A. * Furosemidum
B. Diacarbum
C. Spironolactonum
D. Triamterenum
E. Amiloridum
27. Which antiprotozoal agent can be recommended to a woman, who suffers from Trichomoniaz.
A. * Metronidazolum
B. Primachinum
C. Chloridinum
D. Solusurminum
E. Chiniofonum
28. Recommend a patient with chronic bronchitis, which expectorant drug can be bought in the pharmacy to ease the extraction of thick and viscous sputum.
A. * Ambroxolum
B. Falimint
C. Glauvent
D. Libexinum
E. Salbutamolum
29. Choose an antiseptic from the Halogenic group, which can be put in a child's first-aid kit, who is going to summer camp?
A. * Iodine spirit solution
B. Brilliant green
C. Cupri sulfas
D. Methylenium blue
E. Formaldehyde solution
30. Which local anaesthetic is the best choice for anaesthetization during tooth extraction?
A. * Lidocainum
B. Dicainum
C. Anesthesinum
D. Sovcainum
E. Cocainum
31. A drug from new generation of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs came to the pharmacy. Its name is "meloxicam". What are its advantages as a COX-2 blocker, in comparison with other nonsteroid preparations?
A. * Minimum side ffects on the digestive tract
B. Significant miospasmolytic effect
C. Interferonogenic properties
D. Minimum hemotoxic effects
E. Significant inhibition of protease’s activity
32. In the absence of Fenoterol in the inhalator form, which preparation from the bronchoselective beta-2-adrenomimetics can be used to replace it?
A. * Salbutamolum
B. Isadrinum
C. Metacinum
D. Ephedrinum
E. Euphyllinum
33. Consult the doctor, which preparation can be best used to replace Acetylcystein?
A. * Ambroxolum
B. Natrii chloridum
C. Codeini phosphas
D. Libexinum
E. Natrii hydrocarbonas
34. Answer the general practitioner's question- which modern antihistamine preparation is the best choice for people who's work demands quick reactions?
A. * Loratadinum
B. Dimedrolum
C. Diprasinum
D. Suprastinum
E. Pipolfenum
35. In the absence of Strophantine in the pharmacy, which preparation from the heart glycosides group should be used to replace it?
A. * Corglyconum
B. Isolanidum
C. Digitoxinum
D. Adonisidum
E. Celanidum
36. Name the most common symptom of atropin poisoning.
A. * Dilation of the pupil, without reaction on the light
B. Narrowing of the pupil without reaction on the light
C. Increasing of sweating
D. Bradicardia
E. Decrasing of intraocular pressure
37. A patient has come to the doctor with complaints of loosing night sight, and dry cornea. Which preparation did the doctor prescribe.
A. * Retinolum
B. Piridoxinum
C. Tocoferolum
D. Ascorbinic acid
E. Cocarboxylasum
38. A patient with hypertensia has a high level of renin in the blood plasma. Which pharmacological group should be given privilege over the others.
A. * ACE-inhibitors
B. Alfa-adrenoblockers
C. Diuretics
D. Ca ions antagonists
E. Sympatolytics
39. A patient with stomach ulcer was prescribed Almagel. Which pharamcological property of the preparation is used to treat this pathology?
A. * HCl neutralisation
B. Local anestetic activity
C. Blockade of H2-histaminoreceptors
D. Blockade of M-histaminoreceptors
E. Anti-inflammatory activity
40. After a long usage of phenobarbital, a patient with epilepsy has developed a tolerance to the preparation. What lies at the base of this action?
A. * Acceleration of biotransformation
B. Weakening of drug absorbtion
C. Increasing of receptors sensitivity
D. Weakening of biotransformation
E. Cumulation of the drug in the organism
41. The doctor prescribed a preparation from the tricyclic antidepressants group for a patient with depression. Name the preparation.
A. * Amitriptillinum
B. Phenozepamum
C. Droperidolum
D. Aminalonum
E. Coffeinum
42. A patient with hypertension has consulted a doctor, complaining on dry cough, which appeared as a result of treatment. Which hypotensive preparation did she use?
A. * Lisinopril
B. Atenololum
C. Nifedipinum
D. Furosemidum
E. Dichlothiasidum
43. A patient with ulcer was prescribed Famotidine. Explain which mechanism is in the base of its action?
A. * Blockade of H2-histaminoreceptors
B. Blockade of H1-histaminoreceptors
C. Blockade of M-cholinoreceptors
D. Inhibition of Н+К+АТP-ase activity
E. Blockade of cholinoreceptors of sympathetic ganglions
44. Explain what does the medical term period of half-excretion mean?
A. * The time required to decrease the drug concentration in the blood by one-half.
B. The plasma volume which is relieved from the drug during depend time
C. The time of total elimination of the grug from the organism
D. The speed of renal excretion of the drug
E. The ratio of the speed of excretion of the drug and its plasma concentration
45. Reduction in the absorbtion of tetracycline preparation group at their simultaneous usage, with antacids is an example of:
A. * Pharmacokinetic incompatibility
B. Pharmaceutic incompatibility
C. Pharmacodynamic incompatibility
D. Sinergism of drugs
E. Functional antagonism of the drugs
46. An epileptic patient is prescribed a diuretic. Name the drug.
A. * Diacarbum
B. Verospironum
C. Furosemidum
D. Hypothiasidum
E. Mannitum
47. Help a medical student choose an adrenergic preparation to treat anaphylactic shock.
A. * Adrenalini hydrochloridum
B. Clophelinum
C. Galasolinum
D. Phenoterolum
E. Isadrinum
48. Give an answer to a visitor of your pharmacy. What side effect is specific for Captopril?
A. * Dry cough
B. Hypertension
C. Hyperglicemia
D. Disturbances of cardiac rhyth
E. Hypokaliemia
49. Consult, which antihistamine preparation does not have a soporific and sedative action?
A. * Loratadinum
B. Dimedrolum
C. Diprasinum
D. Suprastinum
E. Tavegil
50. Give an answer to an intern: which preparation is derived from the back of the pitiutary gland.
A. * Oxitocinum
B. Insilinum
C. Prednisolonum
D. Thyreoidinum
E. Estronum
51. Help the doctor choose the preparation for replacement therapy after the extraction of the thyroid gland.
A. * L-thyroxinum
B. Insulinum
C. Prednisolonum
D. Parathyreoidinum
E. Mercasolilum
52. Treating hypertensia, a doctor has prescribed a preparation which blocks angiotensive receptors. Name it.
A. * Losartanum
B. Nifedipinum
C. Prasosinum
D. Captoprilum
E. Apressinum
53. What is the mechanism of action of diclofenac sodium?
A. * Blockade of cyclooxygenase
B. Activetion of phosphodiesterase synthesis
C. Inhibition of cholinesterase
D. Activetion of adenilatcyclase
E. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
54. A patient with ulcer was prescribed Omeprazole. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
A. * Inhibition of Н+К+-АТP-ase
B. Blockade of histaminic H2-receptors
C. Blockade of M-cholinoreceptors
D. Neutralisation of HCl
E. Stimulation of mucous secretion
55. Which anticeptic provides its bactericidic action by the formation of atomic Oxygen?
A. * Kalii permanganas
B. Chloraminum
C. Furacilinum
D. Etonium
E. Argenti nitras
56. A patient with dyskinesia of the digestive tract was prescribed Metoclopramide. What is the antiemetic action of this preparation related with?
A. * Blockade of D2-receptors
B. Blockade of M1-cholinoreceptors
C. Blockade of H1-cholinoreceptors
D. Stimulation of beta-adrenoreceptors
E. Stimulation of M1-cholinoreceptors
57. While treating chronic heart failure with digitoxinum, the patient started showing signs of intoxication. The doctor prescribed Unithyol. Explain, the action of unitiol during heart glycosides intoxication.
A. * Restoration of К+-Na+АTP-ase activity
B. Binding of Ca2+ions
C. Increasing of Na+ level on cardiomyocytes
D. Increasing of permeability of cardiomyocytes for K+
E. Binding of glycoside into the non-active complex
58. The part of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation is called:
A. * Bioavaliability
B. Period of half-adsorbtion
C. Period of half-excterion
D. Volume of distribution
E. Period of half-elimination
59. A 67 year old patient with chronic heart failure is taking digoxin. To reduce the side effects of digoxin, the doctor advices him to combine it with:
A. * Pananginum
B. Calcii gluconas
C. Euphyllinum
D. Dichlothiazidum
E. Calcii chloridum
60. As a resul of prolonged usage of heparin a stomach bleeding has occured in a patient. Name the specific heparin antidote, which should immidiately be used.
A. * Protamini sulfas
B. Dipiroximum
C. Vicasolum
D. Bemegridum
E. Natrii citras
61. Which is the main mechanism of action of benzilpenicillinum which provides antibacterial effect against the coccus flora?
A.* Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
B. Inhibition of protein synthesis
C.impairment the permeability of the cytoplamatic membrane
D. Activation of immine system of a macroorganism
E. Stimulation of fagocyte’s activity of leucocytes
62. A patient suffering from neurosis with fear and anxiety, was administered Diazepam. Which pharmacological effect, allows it to be used to treat these symptoms?
A. * Anxiolytic
B. Antiarrythmic
C. Anti-inflammatory
D. Hypotinsive
E. Antianginal
63. A patient with disturbances of cardiac rhythm was given lidocain. Which pharmacological effect, except local anaesthesia does this preparation have?
A. * Antiarrythmic
B. Hypnotic
C. Anti-fever
D. Antidepressive
E. Nootropic
64. A patient with acute intoxication needs a forced diuresis. Which drug should be used?
A. * Furosemidum
B. Coffeini-natrii benzoas
C. Galantamini hydrobromidum
D. Enalaprilum
E. Pyracetamum
65. A patient who has suffered a brain trauma, was prescribed Piracetam. Which pharmacological group does this preparation belong to?
A. * Nootropic drugs
B. Non-narcotic analgesics
C. Tranquilizers
D. Drugs for narcosis
E. Neuroleptics
66. A patient with hypertensia, a doctor rescribed Lisinopril. What is the mechanism of its action?
A. * Blockade of ACE (angiotensine-converting enzyme)
B. Blockade of alfa-adrenoreceptors
C. Blockade of beta-adrenoreceptors
D. Stimulation of beta-adrenoreceptors
E. Blockade of M-cholinoreceptors
67. For aterosclerosis treatment a patient in a pharmacy bought hypolipidemic agents from the fibrates group. Name the preparation.
A. * Fenofibrate
B. Drotaverini hydrochloridum
C. Bisacodilum
D. Spironolactonum
E. Siliborum
68. To prevent stenocardiac attack, a patient is taking Nitroglycerine in capsules. Which is the rational way of taking the medicine?
A. *Sublingual
B. Peroral
C. Rectal
D. Inhaled
E.Subcutaneous
69. A child is delivered to the hospial with signs of belladonna alcaloids intoxication. Which preparation should be immediately used as an antidote?
A. * Proserinum
B. Magnesii sulfas
C. Coffeini-natrii benzoas
D. Paracetamolum
E. Natrii valproas
70. a doctor prescribed a patient with chronic constipation the preparation Bisacodyl. After 3 weeks of treatment the patient noticed the laxative efeect diminished. Which side effect is this associated with?
A. * addictivion
B. Sensibilisation
C. Cumulation
D. Disbacteriosis
71. Advice a patient with acute bronchitis, a mucolitic preparation with expectorant action.
A. * Acetylsysteinum
B. Glaucinum
C. Loratadinum
D. Diclophenac-sodium
E. Drotaverini hydrochloridum
72. You are an employee in a pharmaceutical warehouse. While entering recieved preparations into the computer, name the category of preparations into which you would write Paracetamol?
A. * Non-narcotic analgesic
B. Hypnotic drug
C. Diuretic drug
D. Hypotensive drug
E. Antianginal drug
73. A provisor consulted a patient to buy a preparation that reduces stomach acid production, via blocking of H2 histamine receptors of the stomach.
A. * Famotidinum
B. Omeprasolum
C. Almagel
D. Atropini sulfas
E. Pirensepinum
74. A patient with stenocardia recieved a prescription for Metoprolol. Which pharmacological effect allows us to use this preparation for stenocardia treatment?
A. * Antianginal
B. Hypotensive
C. Antiarrythmic
D. Antiplatelet
E. Broncholytic
75. Due to lack of labour activity, a doctor prescribed the woman a hormonal preparation to stimulate the delivery. Name the preparation.
A. * Oxytocinum
B. Glibenclamidum
C. Prednisolonum
D. Insulinum
E. L-thyroxinum
76. Answer a question of your collegue, the provisor. Which nonsteroid drug is related to the selective COX-2 blockers?
A. * Celecoxib
B. Analginum
C. Paracetamolum
D. Diclophenac-sodium
E. Acidum acetylsalicylicum
77. Answer a nurse's question. Hypoglycemic action of which preparation is the result of stimulating the beta-cells of the pancreas?
A. * Glibenclamidum
B. Prednisolonum
C. Adrenalini hydrochloridum
D. Retabolilum
E. Heparinum
78. An old patient developed post-opertive intestinal atonia. Which anticholinesterase drug does he need?
A. * Proserinum
B. Dithylinum
C. Pilocarpini hydrochloridum
D. Atropini sulfas
E. Metoprolol
79.A patient suffering from Parkinsonism was prescribed a preparation with dominante influence on the dophaminergic system. Name the preparation.
A. * Levodopa
B. Zopiclon
C. Droperidolum
D. Aminazinum
E. Lorazepamum
80. A patient who had been suffering from urolithiasis was delivered to the emergency department with kidney colic. Which preparation should be given to remove the colic?
A.*Drotaverini hydrochloridum
B. Silibor
C. Almagel
D. Aethymisolum
E. Proserinum
81. Patient N. 56 years old who is suffering from ishemic heart disease was given Metoprolol. What is the mechanism of beta-adrenoblocker's action on ishemic heart disease?
A. *Decrease oxygen demands of myocardium
B. Increase oxygen demands of myocardium
C. Dilate coronary blood vessels
D. Decrease tone of peripheral vessels
E. Constrict coronary vessels
82. A patient who is suffering from allergic dermatitis came to the hospital. Which preparation, with antiinflammatory properties should be prescribed?
A. * Prednisolonum
B. Etamidum
C. Oxytocinum
D. Insulinum
E. Retabolilum
83. A patient with atherosclerosis was given an antiatherosclerotic preparation. Name it.
A. * Phanofibrate
B. Ascorbinic acid
C. Pyracetam
D. Dexamethasonum
E. Butadionum
84. A patient after bee bites developed Quincke's edema. Which preparation should be immidiately injected to remove the allergic reaction?
A. * Adrenalini hydrochloridum
B. Natrii chloridum
C. Plathyphyllini hydrotartras
D. Atropini sulfas
E. Anaprillinum
85. A 55 year old man is complaining on insomnia, irritation, and weakness. Which of the preparations listed below is reasonable to give to the patient in this case?
A. * Nitrasepam
B. Aminasinum
C. Triftasinum
D. Droperidolum
E. Amitriptilinum