Kail/Cavanaugh’s Human Development: A Life-Span View 5e
Chapter 13
Learning Objectives
Physical Changes and Health
- Explain the physical changes that cause wrinkles, gray hair, baldness, and middle-aged bulge.
- Describe the causes and possible prevention of osteoporosis, and explain why it is more common in women than in men.
- Describe changes in the joints and problems such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Describe the physical changes that occur in women during the climacteric.
- Explain how ethnicity and culture are related to menopause.
- Describe how reproductive technology has changed the age of childbearing.
- Describe the risks and benefits associated with hormone replacement therapy.
- Describe changes in men’s fertility with age.
- Describe the changes that occur in men’s sexual functioning with age.
- Describe how control over one’s job is related to stress.
- Describe how reported stress differs by age and gender.
- Describe the stress and coping paradigm.
- Describe how stress is related to one’s physical health.
- Define Type A and Type B behavior patterns, and explain how both are related to cardiovascular disease.
- Describe how stress and psychological health are related.
- Describe the physiological effects of exercise.
- Describe changes across adulthood in the reasons why people exercise.
Cognitive Development
- Define practical intelligence, and explain how it differs from traditional measures of intelligence.
- Explain the difference between optimally exercised and unexercised abilities, and describe the developmental course of both.
- Describe the applications of practical intelligence.
- Explain the differences between the mechanics and pragmatics of intelligence.
- Describe the differences in the thinking of experts and novices, and describe the developmental course of expert performance.
- Define encapsulation and explain how it is related to the ability to explain how one arrives at a particular answer.
- Explain why lifelong learning is becoming the norm.
- Describe the four ways in which adult learners differ from younger learners.
Personality
- Describe Costa and McCrae’s five dimensions of personality: neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and extraversion.
- Describe the evidence that personality traits remain stable across adulthood.
- Describe the evidence for personality change during adulthood.
- Describe how priorities change over the course of one’s lifetime.
- Explain generativity and stagnation and ethnic differences in generativity.
- Explain how changes in self-descriptions of genderrole are related to changes in behavior across adulthood.
- Define midlife crisis, and explain whether or not it is universal.
Family Dynamics and Middle Age
- Describe the role of kinkeeper that many middle-aged mothers assume.
- Define what is meant by the sandwich generation.
- Describe how the relationship between parents and children changes as children move from adolescence to young adulthood.
- Explain how most parents feel when they have an empty nest.
- Explain the reasons why adult children return home.
- Describe the gender difference in caring for aging parents.
- Define filial obligation.
- Describe the two factors that contribute to negative feelings about caring for one’s aging parents.
- Explain some of the psychological costs of caregiving.
- Describe ethnic differences in adult caregivers’ stress.
- Explain how personal and social dimensions of grandparenting influence grandparenting.
- Describe the different meanings of grandparenthood.
- Describe ethnic differences in grandparenthood.
- Describe how the role of grandparent has changed in recent years.